JCI insightPub Date : 2026-10-13DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.198262
Rocio J Jimenez-Valdes, Quoc Vo, Alison Morris, Chad Steele, Seyed Mehdi Nouraie, Jonathan K Alder, Kambez H Benam
{"title":"EphA2 mediates zymosan-induced inflammatory response in human monocytes independent of dectin-1.","authors":"Rocio J Jimenez-Valdes, Quoc Vo, Alison Morris, Chad Steele, Seyed Mehdi Nouraie, Jonathan K Alder, Kambez H Benam","doi":"10.1172/jci.insight.198262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.198262","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14722,"journal":{"name":"JCI insight","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149181918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JCI insightPub Date : 2026-10-13DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.196296
Jonathan F Khan, Parwiz Abrahimi, Winson Cai, Lauren Dong, Kenny Kwok-Hei Yu, Svena Verma, Yacine Marouf, Sadna Budhu, Tara Pal Chaudhuri, Valeria Estrada Navarro, Mamadou A Bah, Kelsey Hopland, Yanhong Yang, Terence J Purdon, Ileana C Miranda, Viviane Tabar, Jedd D Wolchok, Taha Merghoub, Renier J Brentjens
{"title":"Locoregionally delivered PD-1 blockade augments B7-H3 targeting CAR T cell efficacy in models of glioblastoma.","authors":"Jonathan F Khan, Parwiz Abrahimi, Winson Cai, Lauren Dong, Kenny Kwok-Hei Yu, Svena Verma, Yacine Marouf, Sadna Budhu, Tara Pal Chaudhuri, Valeria Estrada Navarro, Mamadou A Bah, Kelsey Hopland, Yanhong Yang, Terence J Purdon, Ileana C Miranda, Viviane Tabar, Jedd D Wolchok, Taha Merghoub, Renier J Brentjens","doi":"10.1172/jci.insight.196296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.196296","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glioblastoma (GBM) is a lethal brain tumor with a 95% five-year mortality rate, and remains a major unmet clinical need. An innovative approach to target GBM is administration of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. In this study we identified B7-H3 as a favorable target antigen for CAR T cell therapy of GBM and developed a B7-H3 targeting CAR T cell. This CAR demonstrates robust, antigen-specific cytolysis and cytokine production, low tonic signaling, and preservation of a stem/naïve cell phenotype. Using orthotopic xenograft models of GBM we show that a single intravenous administration of this B7-H3 targeted CAR confers tumor control, and long-term survival. We identified upregulation of T cell inhibitory ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2 as a mechanism of resistance, and modified our B7-H3 targeting CAR vector to include a secreted a PD-1 blocking scFv. We further demonstrate that concomitant PD-1 blockade by the secreted PD-1 blocking scFv augments the antitumor capabilities of B7-H3-targeting CAR T cells through increased intratumoral infiltration by the CAR T cells and improved effector function. These data demonstrate B7-H3 targeting CAR T cells with concomitant PD-1 blockade is a safe and efficient method for improving the antitumor capacity of CAR T cells for GBM.</p>","PeriodicalId":14722,"journal":{"name":"JCI insight","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149181990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Plasma testosterone heterogeneity reveals genetic and demographic determinants of donor health and red blood cell quality.","authors":"Fang Fang, Nareg Roubinian, Xutao Deng, Cassie Kemmler, Jost Klawitter, Jelena Klawitter, Touraj Shokati, Uwe Christians, Grier P Page, Tamir Kanias","doi":"10.1172/jci.insight.208861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.208861","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Testosterone is a key determinant of red blood cell (RBC) biology and susceptibility to hemolysis; however, its contribution to donor-dependent variation in RBC quality and transfusion effectiveness remains unclear. Using data from 2,357 male participants in the NHLBI REDS-III RBC-Omics study, we quantified plasma total testosterone, free testosterone (bioavailable form), and androstenedione and evaluated their associations with donor characteristics, RBC hemolysis, and recipient post-transfusion hemoglobin increments, a clinical measure of RBC transfusion effectiveness. Subphysiological testosterone concentrations were common (~35%) and independently associated with increased storage and osmotic hemolysis. Frequent blood donations were independently associated with lower circulating free testosterone concentrations, even after adjustment for demographic and hematologic factors. Genome-wide association analyses identified loci associated with circulating testosterone, including regions near SHBG, TNFSF12, and the long noncoding RNA BALR6. Several testosterone variants were associated with RBC transfusion effectiveness. Specifically, variants associated with lower testosterone (e.g., TNFSF12) corresponded to higher post-transfusion hemoglobin increments (+9%), whereas BALR6 variants associated with higher testosterone were linked to reduced hemoglobin increments (-40%). In contrast, androstenedione-associated variants were not related to hemolysis or transfusion outcomes. Together, these findings demonstrate that genetic and physiologic variation in testosterone contributes to inter-individual variability in RBC quality and transfusion effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":14722,"journal":{"name":"JCI insight","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149181940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JCI insightPub Date : 2026-10-13DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.203698
Long Phan, Lauren Smith, Kristin M Milano, Weihong Gu, Madison S Strine, Harvey J Kliman, Liza Konnikova
{"title":"Detection of serotonin and serotonin-related genes reveals unique roles in human intestinal epithelial development.","authors":"Long Phan, Lauren Smith, Kristin M Milano, Weihong Gu, Madison S Strine, Harvey J Kliman, Liza Konnikova","doi":"10.1172/jci.insight.203698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.203698","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although 95% of serotonin in the human body is produced in the gastrointestinal tract, most prior research work has focused on the brain. Despite its abundance in the gut, serotonin's role in early intestinal development remains poorly understood. Here we show that serotonin is detected in both the small intestine and large intestine as early as 14 to 15 weeks gestational age. Using single-cell transcriptomics with histological validation, we generated a spatiotemporal atlas of serotonin and serotonin-related genes in the human gut from first trimester to late adulthood. The serotonin synthesis gene, TPH1, was exclusively expressed in enteroendocrine cells at all time points analyzed, with the highest expression in the second trimester. The serotonin reuptake gene, SLC6A4, was largely restricted to mature absorptive enterocytes and increased postnatally. Serotonin receptors also displayed distinct cellular and developmental expression patterns. HTR1E was confined to the first trimester during highly proliferative stage. HTR4 was enriched for in crypt regions, suggesting a role in proliferation for serotonin. Finally, HTR3E was associated with tuft cells throughout development. Together, these findings reveal the dynamic, cell-type-specific regulation of serotonin in the developing human gut, suggesting its importance in early intestinal development, and provide a framework to study its roles in intestinal development and diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":14722,"journal":{"name":"JCI insight","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149181979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JCI insightPub Date : 2026-10-08DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.199771
Cuiping Zhang, Xia Yao, Pinpin Sui, Liming Hou, Bowen Yan, Larry L Luchsinger, Gang Huang, Sheng Tong, Youwen Zhang, Bojing Shao, Hong Qian, Hong Zheng, Hui Zhong, Feng-Chun Yang, Ying Liang
{"title":"Latexin deletion in the bone marrow niche suppresses leukemia via LIFR downregulation and immune activation.","authors":"Cuiping Zhang, Xia Yao, Pinpin Sui, Liming Hou, Bowen Yan, Larry L Luchsinger, Gang Huang, Sheng Tong, Youwen Zhang, Bojing Shao, Hong Qian, Hong Zheng, Hui Zhong, Feng-Chun Yang, Ying Liang","doi":"10.1172/jci.insight.199771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.199771","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common adult leukemia diagnosis. Bone marrow (BM) niche significantly influences the initiation and progression of AML. However, our knowledge about the effect of leukemic niche on leukemia stem cells (LSC) and leukemogenesis is limited. In this study, we identified an extrinsic-regulatory function of latexin (Lxn) in leukemogenesis. Using a MLL-AF9-induced AML mouse model in WT and Lxn-KO (Lxn-/-) recipient mice, we found that Lxn deletion in the BM niche enhanced the survival of AML mice by suppressing LSCs and reducing blood blasts. Single-cell RNA-seq of stromal cells and cell communication analysis uncovered downregulation of the leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR) signaling pathway in the Lxn-/- niche, particularly within mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Mechanistically, reduced LIFR level in Lxn-/- MSCs upregulated Cxcl9 expression, leading to increased recruitment of CD8 T cells and enhanced cytotoxicity against leukemic cells. Combination of Lxn niche deletion and immune checkpoint inhibitor PD-1 further prolonged survival. The findings have important clinical implications, suggesting that Lxn inhibition could improve the efficacy of AML therapies by targeting the leukemia niche and enhancing immune surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":14722,"journal":{"name":"JCI insight","volume":"11 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149136459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JCI insightPub Date : 2026-10-08DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.199743
Ying-Wei Lan, Jonathan Do, Wen Gao, Zicheng Deng, Xiaomei Xia, Enhong Li, Jillian Kash, Gautam Verma, Angara Sureshbabu, Kenneth S Knox, Ross M Bremner, Nicholas E Banovich, Vladimir V Kalinichenko, Tanya V Kalin
{"title":"Transplantation of endothelial progenitor cells attenuates pulmonary fibrosis via IFITM3-containing exosomes.","authors":"Ying-Wei Lan, Jonathan Do, Wen Gao, Zicheng Deng, Xiaomei Xia, Enhong Li, Jillian Kash, Gautam Verma, Angara Sureshbabu, Kenneth S Knox, Ross M Bremner, Nicholas E Banovich, Vladimir V Kalinichenko, Tanya V Kalin","doi":"10.1172/jci.insight.199743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.199743","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are critical for vascular regeneration after injury. However, their role in pulmonary fibrosis (PF) remains unclear. Here, we identified a previously unrecognized population of lung capillary EPCs coexpressing c-KIT and FOXF1 (capEPCs) in adult human and mouse lungs. capEPCs were significantly reduced in lungs from patients with PF and in bleomycin-injured mice, implicating loss of this regenerative endothelial population in disease pathogenesis. Transplantation of donor capEPCs attenuated experimental PF, improved survival, reduced collagen deposition, and restored lung function. Donor capEPCs engrafted into the lung microcirculation of bleomycin-injured mice. Single-cell RNA sequencing identified interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 as a highly enriched transcript in capEPCs. Conditioned media from IFITM3-overexpressing EPCs or recombinant IFITM3 enhanced endothelial proliferation and angiogenesis while suppressing TGF-β1-induced fibroblast activation in vitro. IFITM3 was found in capEPC-derived exosomes. Treatment with IFITM3-containing exosomes recapitulated the therapeutic effects of capEPC transplantation by improving endothelial function, inhibiting fibroblast activation, increasing animal survival, reducing lung fibrosis, and restoring lung function. Together these findings identified capEPC deficiency as a feature of PF and demonstrated that IFITM3-containing exosomes promoted vascular repair. Restoration of capEPC regenerative function or delivery of IFITM3-enriched exosomes may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for human PF.</p>","PeriodicalId":14722,"journal":{"name":"JCI insight","volume":"11 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149136551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JCI insightPub Date : 2026-10-08DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.197348
Zeping Gui, Neda Feizi, Berkay Demirors, Canxiang Lin, Hehua Dai, Mouhamad Al Moussawy, Andrew Friday, Steven M Sanders, Latha Halesha, Amanda L Williams, Faruk Sacirbegovic, Parmjeet S Randhawa, Khodor I Abou-Daya, Martin H Oberbarnscheidt
{"title":"Innate allorecognition induces HSP70 in monocytes contributing to renal allograft rejection.","authors":"Zeping Gui, Neda Feizi, Berkay Demirors, Canxiang Lin, Hehua Dai, Mouhamad Al Moussawy, Andrew Friday, Steven M Sanders, Latha Halesha, Amanda L Williams, Faruk Sacirbegovic, Parmjeet S Randhawa, Khodor I Abou-Daya, Martin H Oberbarnscheidt","doi":"10.1172/jci.insight.197348","DOIUrl":"10.1172/jci.insight.197348","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>After encountering allogeneic nonself, monocytes differentiate to DCs, which in turn activate the adaptive immune system that drives transplant rejection. The downstream mechanisms of allorecognition are largely unknown. We analyzed scRNA-seq data sets to identify transcriptional changes in monocytes occurring after allostimulation. Hspa1a, which encodes HSP70, was upregulated in monocytes after allostimulation in contrast to syngeneic controls in mice lacking T, B, and NK cells. Similar findings were seen in scRNA-seq data derived from kidney biopsies of rejecting transplant patients. To validate the role of HSP70 in innate allorecognition and transplantation, we performed allogeneic bone marrow plug and kidney transplantation into WT, Hspa1a/Hspa1b-/-, and DSG-treated (HSP70 inhibitor) B6 mice and examined the graft immune infiltrate. Histology, T cell infiltration, and survival were assessed in kidney transplanted mice. In both models, DSG-treated or HSP70-KO recipients displayed significantly reduced infiltration by monocyte-derived DCs (mo-DC). Chronic rejection of Balb/c kidney grafts in WT B6 recipients was attenuated in DSG-treated and HSP70-KO recipients as indicated by a reduction in Banff score. Further experiments demonstrated that in vitro allostimulated immature HSP70-KO BMDC showed less maturation compared with WT BMDC. Targeting HSP70 in innate immune cells offers a novel approach to reduce chronic kidney graft rejection.</p>","PeriodicalId":14722,"journal":{"name":"JCI insight","volume":"11 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149136485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JCI insightPub Date : 2026-10-08DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.202983
Yanting Chen, Khloud Ashraf Farouk Emam, Shuwen Yue, Jing Tian, Tienju Wang, Albert Park, Shalini Mishra, Gagan Deep, Zi-Jun Wang, Heng Du, Lan Guo
{"title":"Disrupted synaptic vacuolar H+-ATPase renders synaptic vulnerability to Alzheimer's disease.","authors":"Yanting Chen, Khloud Ashraf Farouk Emam, Shuwen Yue, Jing Tian, Tienju Wang, Albert Park, Shalini Mishra, Gagan Deep, Zi-Jun Wang, Heng Du, Lan Guo","doi":"10.1172/jci.insight.202983","DOIUrl":"10.1172/jci.insight.202983","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Defective synaptic transmission is a prominent pathology that underlies cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD), highlighting the need to elucidate molecular mechanisms of synaptic failure. Vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase), a proton-pumping enzyme, is essential for synaptic vesicle acidification and neurotransmitter loading. However, whether SV-associated V-ATPase is vulnerable to AD remains unclear. Here, using SV-rich fractions from postmortem brain tissues, we identified SV-associated V-ATPase deficits, including decreased enzymatic activity, impaired complex assembly, and altered expression of its key subunits in AD. SV-associated V-ATPase dysfunction was further associated with pathological and clinical characteristics of AD. Genetic downregulation of the V-ATPase V1D subunit, a component reduced in AD brains, disrupted V-ATPase proton transport and impaired SV acidification. Further experiments using 5×FAD mice, which exhibited AD-like SV-associated V-ATPase deficits, demonstrated the deleterious impact of V-ATPase dysfunction on SV acidification and synaptic transmission including presynaptic neurotransmitter release. In addition, ex vivo studies identified amyloid β-induced oxidative stress as a driver of V1D loss and V-ATPase disassembly, linking AD pathology to SV-associated V-ATPase dysfunction. These findings indicate that SV-associated V-ATPase dysfunction contributes to synaptic failure and cognitive deficits in AD. Therapeutic avenues to mitigate V-ATPase dysfunction have the potential to attenuate synaptic failure for the management of AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":14722,"journal":{"name":"JCI insight","volume":"11 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149136498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"177Lu-labeled DOTA-EB-RGD as a candidate for thyroid cancer therapy.","authors":"Sonam Kumari, Rhitajit Sarkar, Zhantong Wang, Shilpa Thakur, Laura Abaandou, Oksana Gavrilova, Huiyan Lu, Noha Behairy, Lixin Lang, Dale Kiesewetter, Vasyl Vasko, Joanna Klubo-Gwiezdzinska","doi":"10.1172/jci.insight.200594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.200594","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Integrin αVβ3, a transmembrane receptor involved in tumor growth and metastasis, specifically recognizes and binds proteins with the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide sequence. Using mRNA and/or protein expression data from 496 thyroid cancer (TC) samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas, 14 TC cell lines, and 70 TC and 10 normal thyroid tissues, we found that papillary TC exhibits the highest αVβ3 integrin expression. We then evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of a radiolabeled RGD analog, 177Lu-DOTA-EB-cRGDfK, in TC. Genetic knockout and overexpression of αVβ3 in TC cell lines confirmed the target specificity of 177Lu-DOTA-EB-cRGDfK. In mouse xenograft models established from human TC cell lines with high αVβ3 expression, 177Lu-DOTA-EB-cRGDfK demonstrated superior antitumor efficacy compared with standard-of-care lenvatinib and placebo. However, no synergistic benefit was observed with combination therapy. Biodistribution studies identified the kidneys as the dose-limiting organ. RNA-seq analysis of resected tumors demonstrated that 177Lu-DOTA-EB-cRGDfK induced a type I IFN response, characterized by upregulation of IFI6, IFIT1-2, and MX1, compared with both lenvatinib-treated tumors and placebo. These findings identify αVβ3 integrin as a promising therapeutic target in a subset of TCs and demonstrate that 177Lu-DOTA-EB-cRGDfK exhibits superior efficacy to lenvatinib, supporting its potential clinical translation for progressive TC refractory to standard therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14722,"journal":{"name":"JCI insight","volume":"11 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149136517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JCI insightPub Date : 2026-10-08DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.206042
Camila Queiroz-Glauss, Justin Lack, Daniel E Sturdevant, Thomas B Nutman
{"title":"Human filarial infection reshapes CD8+ T-cell transcription and function at homeostasis and following viral activation.","authors":"Camila Queiroz-Glauss, Justin Lack, Daniel E Sturdevant, Thomas B Nutman","doi":"10.1172/jci.insight.206042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.206042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The role of CD8+ T cells in filarial infections remains poorly understood. Given the chronic nature of these infections, individuals living in endemic regions are frequently exposed to other pathogens including viruses. Because CD8 cells are essential for antiviral immunity, understanding how filarial infections shape the cytotoxic compartment is essential to elucidate their impact on bystander immunity. We evaluated the phenotype and function of CD8+ T cells from Loa loa-infected (Fil+) and -uninfected (Fil-) individuals at baseline and following cytomegalovirus (CMV) re-stimulation. Filarial infection was associated with increased activation and proliferation of CD8+ T cells, characterized by elevated expression of Ki-67, CD107a, and production of type 1 and 17 cytokines. Upon CMV re-stimulation, Fil+ individuals showed markedly reduced expansion of antigen-experienced (CD137+) and polyfunctional (CD137+IFN-γ+TNF-α+, CD137+IFN-γ+TNF-α+IL-2+) CD8+ T cells, along with decreased cytotoxic activity. Unbiased clustering analysis revealed markedly reduced frequency of the CD8+CD45RA+CD57+ subset in Fil+ individuals- a population further defined through transcriptomic profiling that showed enrichment for cytolytic gene signatures (GZMB, GNLY, GZMH, CD244, CX3CR1). These results demonstrated that filarial infection is associated with an altered CD8+ T cell profile that is associated with failure to mount effective viral-specific effector responses, including impaired cytokine production and cytotoxic activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":14722,"journal":{"name":"JCI insight","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149136447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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