Japanese Journal of Forensic Science and Technology最新文献_第9页

Usefulness of scanning electron microscope for observation of compact bone structure and saw mark 扫描电镜在观察致密骨结构和锯痕中的应用

Japanese Journal of Forensic Science and Technology Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.3408/jafst.761

T. Nakagawa, M. Doi

{"title":"Usefulness of scanning electron microscope for observation of compact bone structure and saw mark","authors":"T. Nakagawa, M. Doi","doi":"10.3408/jafst.761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/jafst.761","url":null,"abstract":"In forensic anthropology, the histological structure of compact bone is useful for distinguishing human from non-human bone and for age estimation. A saw mark on the bone surface is also analyzed to estimate the implement that cut the bone. However, extensive time and technical proˆciency are required to prepare a specimen for obtaining a clear image of the compact bone structure in optical microscopy. Moreover, clear detection of a saw mark is inhibited by the limited focal depth of optical microscopy and by the color tone of bones. The purpose of this study is to evaluate imaging mode of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and preparation of bone specimen to readily obtain a clear image of the compact bone structure and saw mark in a shorter time. In this paper, a transverse section of a long bone was polished to a mirror ˆnish, completed within a few minutes by a simple method, to observe the compact bone structure. In consequence, Haversian canal, bone lacuna, and lamellar structure in the compact bone were clearly observed with compositional (COMPO) image in the backscattered electron mode. Meanwhile, the saw mark was also clearly recognized as a convexo-concave on the transverse section of the long bone with topographic (TOPO) image in the backscattered electron mode. Thus, SEM is useful to observe the compact bone structure and saw mark simply, rapidly, and clearly for practical use in forensic anthropology.","PeriodicalId":14709,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Forensic Science and Technology","volume":"34 1","pages":"83-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81786150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Examination of method to detect silent allele on D19S433 locus D19S433位点沉默等位基因检测方法的探讨

Japanese Journal of Forensic Science and Technology Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.3408/jafst.766

Yukinobu Kutsuwada

{"title":"Examination of method to detect silent allele on D19S433 locus","authors":"Yukinobu Kutsuwada","doi":"10.3408/jafst.766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/jafst.766","url":null,"abstract":"DOI: 10.3408 / jafst.766 ) In the Japanese population, D19S433 silent allele is rarely detected in cases of testing with commercial STR kits. The silent allele causes inconsistency of STR typing results between kits and false negative parentage despite the true biological parentage. The cause of this problematical mismatch is reported that the mutation is a base change ( G ＞ A ) 32 nucleotides downstream from the 3 ′ end of the AAGG repeats ( G32A ) , so reverse primer in STR kits fail to anneal to the binding site, con-sequently no STR peak or extremely low peak is detected. In this study, volunteers originated from 4 silent-allelic pedigrees are examined whether the silent allele was judged by AmpFlSTR Identiˆler Plus PCR ampliˆcation kit, PowerPlex Fusion system, and GlobalFiler PCR ampliˆcation kit, furthermore they carry G32A mutation or not by direct sequencing, SNaPshot genotyping, and TaqMan genotyping. In conclusion, it has been identiˆed that all silent-allelic peaks are caused by G32A mutation and followed by Mendelian genetics. Actually, some factors in‰uence the for-mation of silent allele, such as primer binding ˆdelity, improvement of other PCR reagents, and PCR cycle conditions. When the suspected silent-allelic peak appears, additional tests with multiple STR kits which containing","PeriodicalId":14709,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Forensic Science and Technology","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87517820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Quantification methods for within-series physiological variations in the concealed information test 隐信息试验系列内生理变化的定量方法

Japanese Journal of Forensic Science and Technology Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.3408/jafst.792

Tokihiro Ogawa, Mariko Hosoe, Natsu Nomura, Michiko Tsuneoka

引用次数: 0

Discrimination between internal and external uses by analysis of urine and blood from diphenhydramine users 通过对苯海拉明使用者尿液和血液的分析来区分内服和外服

Japanese Journal of Forensic Science and Technology Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.3408/jafst.773

K. Sasaki, Akari Ishikawa, N. Shima, H. Kamata, Atsushi Nitta, Ryutaro Asai, Misato Wada, Hidenao Kakehashi, Shihoko Nakano, S. Matsuta, Tooru Kamata, H. Nishioka, A. Miki, M. Katagi

{"title":"Discrimination between internal and external uses by analysis of urine and blood from diphenhydramine users","authors":"K. Sasaki, Akari Ishikawa, N. Shima, H. Kamata, Atsushi Nitta, Ryutaro Asai, Misato Wada, Hidenao Kakehashi, Shihoko Nakano, S. Matsuta, Tooru Kamata, H. Nishioka, A. Miki, M. Katagi","doi":"10.3408/jafst.773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/jafst.773","url":null,"abstract":" STAGE DOI: 10.3408 / jafst.773 ) In order to establish the method for discriminating between oral ingestion ( internal use ) and dermal absorption ( external use ) of diphenhydramine ( DPH ) using biological ‰uids, the excretion proˆles of unchanged DPH and its metabolites in urine as well as time-course changes in blood concentration of DPH have been inves-tigated. Urine and blood specimens were obtained from volunteer users of either the sleep-inducing drug Drewell tablet or the antipruritic drug New Restamin Kowa ointment. Unchanged and its metabolites were identiˆed and quantiˆed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with a C 18 semi-micro column. DPH and its three metabolites, diphenhydramine N -oxide, N -desmethyl diphenhydramine and diphenhydramine N -glucuronide, have been detected, for the ˆrst time, in urine after dermal absorption, and the urinary excretion proˆles of DPH and the metabolites were observed along with those after oral ingestion. Maximum concentration times of DPH and its metabolites in urine were between 21 and 73 hours in dermal absorption, and between 4 and 21 hours in oral ingestion. Maximum concentration times of DPH in blood for dermal absorption were also larger than those for oral ingestion. These results suggested that absorption of DPH through the skin occurs more In addition, the maximum concentrations of DPH and its metabolites in urine after oral ingestion were ten to hundred times higher than those after dermal absorption, which suggests that the urinary concentration of DPH and its metabolites could be applicable as the indexes which allow to discriminate between internal and external uses. The ˆndings obtained in this study will be indispensable as the fundamental in-formation for discussing intake situations of DPH in the forensic ˆelds.","PeriodicalId":14709,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Forensic Science and Technology","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81264016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Study on recovery of plant fragments from adhesive sheet and tape in forensic examination 法医鉴定中从胶布和胶带中回收植物碎片的研究

Japanese Journal of Forensic Science and Technology Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.3408/jafst.777

Hiromi Itamiya, Kento Kumisaka, Hitomi S. Kikkawa, R. Sugita

{"title":"Study on recovery of plant fragments from adhesive sheet and tape in forensic examination","authors":"Hiromi Itamiya, Kento Kumisaka, Hitomi S. Kikkawa, R. Sugita","doi":"10.3408/jafst.777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3408/jafst.777","url":null,"abstract":"Forensic samples may include small plant fragments collected as trace evidence that are examined by microscopy and DNA analysis. These fragments are often recovered on adhesive tapes or sheets; as such, recovery must be carried out carefully so that important morphological features, including thorns or trichomes, are not destroyed. In this study, we investigated the use of organic solvents for the recovery of small plant fragments from adhesive tapes and sheets. Particularly, we examined the in‰uence of the solvent and of the adhesive compound on the DNA analyses. Therefore, our goal was to determine an appropriate recovery method for small plant fragments that did not have a negative impact on critical forensic analyses. Plant samples, including seeds and leaves, were attached to adhesive sheets or tapes and recovered with solvents such as water and organic solvents. The extent of recovery and the in‰uence of the adhesive compound and solvent on the subsequent DNA analyses were examined. After the immersion of plant samples in the solvent to detach them from the adhesive compound, DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) ampliˆcation were performed. Among our ˆndings, we determined that plant samples on most types of adhesive sheets can be recovered with tweezers alone and are appropriate for microscopic evaluation and DNA analysis. Organic solvents were used to recover samples attached to sheets with strong adhesives.","PeriodicalId":14709,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Forensic Science and Technology","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88025482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Relationship of alleles to stutter ratios in Y-STR typing using the YfilerTM Plus PCR Amplification Kit 使用YfilerTM Plus PCR扩增试剂盒分析Y-STR分型中等位基因与口吃比率的关系

Japanese Journal of Forensic Science and Technology Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.3408/jafst.764

Haruhiko Watahiki, K. Fujii, Takashi Fukagawa, Yusuke Mita, Tetsushi Kitayama, N. Mizuno

引用次数: 0

Comparing accuracy of geographic profiling by differences in distance measures 通过距离测量的差异比较地理剖面的准确性

Japanese Journal of Forensic Science and Technology Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.3408/JAFST.755

Aiko Hanayama, Shumpei Haginoya, Hiroki Kuraishi

引用次数: 1

Characterization and differentiation of positional isomers of fluoro-fentanyl analogs by a combination of instrumental analyses 氟芬太尼类似物的位置异构体的表征和区分通过仪器分析的组合

Japanese Journal of Forensic Science and Technology Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.3408/JAFST.760

T. Kanamori, Y. Iwata, Hiroki Segawa, Tadashi Yamamuro, K. Kuwayama, K. Tsujikawa, H. Inoue

引用次数: 0

Sea drifting cadavers: cases of the point and time of disaster entry 海上漂流尸体:灾难进入地点和时间的案例

Japanese Journal of Forensic Science and Technology Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.3408/JAFST.740

Yuta Maeda, Daizou Ozawa, Yasuhiro Kakiuchi, Y. Kakimoto, Shuichi Naganuma, Akihiro Iwakami, Y. Tanaka, Fumitaka Nakano, Yoshikazu Osaki, Masaki Hara, Y. Sato, Shinsuke Nakagawa, Akiko Toda, Masaya Okamura, K. Honda, Hiroyuki Inami, Y. Seto, Fumiko Satoh, M. Osawa

引用次数: 0

Analysis of cannabis components by growth stage using solid-phase microextraction and solvent extraction 固相微萃取法和溶剂萃取法对大麻生长阶段成分的分析

Japanese Journal of Forensic Science and Technology Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.3408/JAFST.758

T. Kudo, Akio Kiguchi, H. Fujii

引用次数: 0