{"title":"Grouper: an expert system for redistricting","authors":"Stephen P. Leach, A. Kandel","doi":"10.1145/99412.99418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/99412.99418","url":null,"abstract":"The process of “redistricting” involves the division of a land surface into two or more pieces. In a political setting, the districts thus formed serve as groups of voters that elect the same public officials. Other types of redistricting problems include the formation of school board districts, water management districts, or transportation districts.\u0000This paper provides a brief overview of the redistricting problem and then describes a PC-based expert system currently being developed that will assist in the process.","PeriodicalId":147067,"journal":{"name":"Symposium on Small Systems","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115269927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The physiology of PROLOG expert system inference engine","authors":"D. Roach, H. Berghel","doi":"10.1145/99412.99417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/99412.99417","url":null,"abstract":"The current literature on expert systems development in Prolog is replete with sample inference engines. However, the available models tend to be fragmentary and simplistic. Important issues such as how to incorporate arithmetic evaluation into the reasoning Process are often ignored. Therefore, we present and describe a more realistic Prolog expert system inference engine.\u0000The inference engine is an enhanced version of a standard model. It includes features and employs techniques that are non-existent in current models. We give special consideration to the relationship that the inference engine bears to the underlying Prolog engine. The role of unification and SLD resolution in the life of a Prolog expert system inference engine is also discussed.","PeriodicalId":147067,"journal":{"name":"Symposium on Small Systems","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124240121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Integration of software tools in developing a multiple criteria support system on a personal computer","authors":"Angela Dixon, R. Sharda","doi":"10.1145/99412.99473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/99412.99473","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple Criteria Decision Support Systems are a special cross betueen optimization systems and Decision Support Systems (DSS). Optimization systems produce a single, ‘best’ solution to a given problem while Decision Support Systems offer alternative scenarios for consideration of a decision maker. However, Multiple Criteria Decision Support Systems (MCDSS) combine the features of both: the problems are solved by optimization techniques, but due to their multiple criteria nature, they generate a set of solutions, rather than a single, optimal solution; and they provide the flexibility of a Decision Support System CDSS) by offering alternative solutions within the solution set for the decision maker’s consideration. In HCDSS, the definition of optimal becomes a decision that maximizes a decision maker’s utility for satisfaction (tionts, 1987). Multiple criteria decision support systems CMCDSS) require the same types of software support as do traditional decision support systems: a method of managing problem data; a method of solving the problem; a method of interacting with the decision maker; and a method of displaying results. But, in addition, HCDSSs require one or more optimization techniques for solving the particular problem, plus multiple criteria models for generating a candidate solution or a set of candidate solutions. In some systems, the user specifies the optimization techniques to use for solving the problem, uhile in others, the models and solution techniques may be prespecified. In this paper a general HCDSS design architecture is proposed which describes the main modules of a MCDSS and their inter-relationship. A prototype model uhich was on a microcomputer using the architecture is described. The WCDSS, called Compromise Programing Decision Support System CCPDSS), was written in FORTRAN interfaced with R:Base 5000 relational data base system, R:Base PI program interface subroutine package, and IBM Graphics Development Toolkit subroutine package.","PeriodicalId":147067,"journal":{"name":"Symposium on Small Systems","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121551125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A memory adjustable software system for clustering and retrieval","authors":"T. Daneshi","doi":"10.1145/99412.99449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/99412.99449","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the structure and capabilities of a memory adjustable, menu driven software system, mostly written in C programming language for the classification and retrieval of multidimensional data.\u0000To group patterns, the system uses the single linkage clustering algorithm method, which requires the storage of a similarity matrix in the internal computer memory. Depending on the size of the data file, this requirement may limit the use of this method to computers with large memory. To overcome this problem, a new memory conservative single linkage clustering algorithm was developed and employed.\u0000In most existing systems, the user is required to declare the number of desired groupings. However, because the proper number of clusters significantly impacts the outcome of clusters, the system presented in this paper may determine the optimum number of clusters by calculating a measurement index.\u0000Finally, given a new pattern, the system determines its k most similar patterns in the data set by using an efficient branch and bound algorithm.\u0000The system is capable of graphing the results in any two dimensional plane.","PeriodicalId":147067,"journal":{"name":"Symposium on Small Systems","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122193365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"DCA: an expert system for auditing data communications","authors":"P. Fett, K. M. George","doi":"10.1145/99412.99478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/99412.99478","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes an expert system to assist internal auditors for auditing data communications (DCA). It is developed using the expert system shell Insight 2+. Potential benefits of the system are explored. A set of features needed in an audit expert system is presented. Preliminary test results indicate that DCA will be helpful in training new auditors.","PeriodicalId":147067,"journal":{"name":"Symposium on Small Systems","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134263329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A small operating system","authors":"J. E. Sayers","doi":"10.1145/99412.99447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/99412.99447","url":null,"abstract":"A multitasking operating system for an IBM PC or compatible has been developed to provide students with an educational opportunity for hands-on experience with concurrent programming concepts. The operating system includes features which permit users to observe performance as a function of the I/O versus compute bound processes. Although other such educational operating systems exist, this operating system is limited primarily to process management. The small size of the operating system makes it easy to comprehend in a single term course. It is, however, a powerful real time executive for applications such as small, embedded systems.","PeriodicalId":147067,"journal":{"name":"Symposium on Small Systems","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114469407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Implementation and manipulation of formal objects: an object-oriented view","authors":"Mauro Regio, M. Temperini","doi":"10.1145/99412.99496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/99412.99496","url":null,"abstract":"This work is intended as a first introductive step in studying a set of characteristics for the development of a Formal Objects Definition and Implementation System. Characteristics are considered, from the point of view both of specification formal language, and of implementation programming language; indeed programming and specifying are considered as actions to be uniformed under the same general conceptual modeling. This conceptual modeling is given by the Object-Oriented methodology; in this paradigm, some features are discussed which are considered of main interest for our aims. Argument of interest are Algorithmic Logic, as a logic specification language, and Loglan and Eiffel as innovative Object-Oriented programming languages.","PeriodicalId":147067,"journal":{"name":"Symposium on Small Systems","volume":"294 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132368674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Knowledge-based understanding on a small machine","authors":"B. Moreland","doi":"10.1145/99412.99500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/99412.99500","url":null,"abstract":"One problem plaguing current knowledge-based systems is the acquisition of the information that is represented in the knowledge base. Most knowledge processing systems, such as expert systems and more recent case-based systems, are either based on static data that has already been entered into the system, or use human intervention to enter the information into the system in the correct format. Both of these methods greatly reduce the power and flexibility of the system since, presumably, an intelligent knowledge-based system would make better decisions provided with more information. One resource that provides a vast amount of information is written text, such as journals, newspapers and on-line news wires. Systems that use information provided by such resources could greatly benefit if they automatically acquired this information. This paper presents research directed at the development of such a system on a small machine.","PeriodicalId":147067,"journal":{"name":"Symposium on Small Systems","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134362344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Semantic assistance nets","authors":"W. D. Miller","doi":"10.1145/99412.99434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/99412.99434","url":null,"abstract":"Improving the semantic level of the information handling provided by personal computers is likely to be a way both to use the increasing hardware capacities of these machines and to improve their economic impact. While this goal is widely recognized as abstractly desirable, it has not been clear how to accomplish it. This paper presents a design for organizing resources that are presently available, or that soon will be, to obtain systems that should provide significantly improved aids to understanding in fields where there is a substantial base of empirically verified information that involves nonnumeric relationships. Laboratory sciences appear to provide the fields with the greatest scope for such development at present, but there may also be opportunities to use such systems in investment and entrepreneurship. The resources to be assembled include frame-oriented databases and their associated ontological engineering organizations, high-bandwidth digital communications networks, microprocessor systems for vectorized numerical processing and object-oriented processing, larger units for these same purposes, high-capacity storage media, and network management software to coordinate the use of special hardware resources. The role of the personal computer in such a system will be as a combination of a vehicle for navigation through the information structures thus provided and as a node where information received over networks will be integrated with locally produced data. There have been many previous papers about topics related to those in this paper, but the focus of the present discussion is on integrating diverse information to outline the characteristics of the new systems, the prospect of successful development based on sound mathematical principles, and the specificity of the concept for important new fields of application.","PeriodicalId":147067,"journal":{"name":"Symposium on Small Systems","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132984043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Basic requirements and main features of a system supporting the reusability of mathematical software on personal computers","authors":"P. D. Felice","doi":"10.1145/99412.99433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/99412.99433","url":null,"abstract":"To speed up the implementation process of a specific mathematical problem on (sparse) matrices and to increase the quality of the software developed, a system supporting the reusability of units from an existing large software library is particularly useful. In this paper, we sketch the basic requirements of a low cost and easy to use system of this kind.","PeriodicalId":147067,"journal":{"name":"Symposium on Small Systems","volume":"366 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133020622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号
