JAMA Network Open最新文献

{"title":"Recent Drug Overdose Mortality Decline Compared With Pre-COVID-19 Trend.","authors":"Mathew V Kiang, Keith Humphreys","doi":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.58090","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.58090","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14694,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Network Open","volume":"8 2","pages":"e2458090"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11800014/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143189356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Error in Methods.","authors":"","doi":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.0472","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.0472","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14694,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Network Open","volume":"8 2","pages":"e250472"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11795319/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143189325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calcium Intake and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study.","authors":"Semi Zouiouich, David Wahl, Linda M Liao, Hyokyoung G Hong, Rashmi Sinha, Erikka Loftfield","doi":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.60283","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.60283","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Calcium intake is associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), although it remains unclear whether this association varies by calcium source or tumor site. Moreover, there are disparities in calcium intake by race and ethnicity, but the impact of low calcium consumption on CRC risk in specific racial and ethnic populations is unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the association between calcium intake and CRC risk, considering the source of calcium and tumor site and across racial and ethnic groups.</p><p><strong>Design, setting, and participants: </strong>This cohort study analyzed data from the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study. Participants were aged 50 to 71 years at baseline (October 1995 to May 1996), had self-reported good health and neither extremely high nor low caloric or calcium intake, and were followed up until the date of their first primary cancer diagnosis, death, loss to follow-up, or end of follow-up (December 31, 2018). Data were analyzed from April 2022 to April 2024.</p><p><strong>Exposure: </strong>Calcium intake was estimated from dietary sources (dairy and nondairy), supplements, and total intake.</p><p><strong>Main outcomes and measures: </strong>The primary outcome was CRC incidence. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs using the lowest sex-specific quintile of calcium intake as the reference.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 471 396 participants who were cancer-free at baseline, mean (SD) baseline age was 62.0 (5.4) years and 59.5% were male. During 7 339 055 person-years of follow-up (median, 18.4 years [IQR, 9.2-22.5 years]), 10 618 first primary CRC cases were identified. Mean (SD) total calcium intake for the lowest quintile (Q1) was 401 mg/d (104 mg/d) for females and 407 mg/d (95 mg/d) for males and for the highest quintile (Q5) was 2056 mg/d (412 mg/d) for females and 1773 mg/d (444 mg/d) for males. Dairy, nondairy, and supplemental sources contributed a mean (SD) of 42.1% (43.5%), 34.2% (24.5%), and 23.7% (38.3%) of total calcium intake, respectively. Higher total calcium intake (Q5 vs Q1) was associated with a lower risk of CRC (hazard ratio [HR], 0.71; 95% CI, 0.65-0.78; P < .001 for trend), with consistent results across calcium sources and tumor sites. Among non-Hispanic Black participants, the mean (SD) calcium intake was 382 mg/d (108 mg/d) for Q1 and 1916 mg/d (466 mg/d) for Q5, with no association of total calcium intake with CRC risk (Q5 vs Q1: HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.32-1.13; P = .12 for trend); there was no evidence of effect measure differences by race and ethnicity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>In this cohort study, higher calcium intake was consistently associated with reduced CRC risk across tumor sites and sources of calcium. Increasing calcium intake, especially among groups with lower consumption, may be associated ","PeriodicalId":14694,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Network Open","volume":"8 2","pages":"e2460283"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11833519/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143440766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Citation Context Analysis of Autism Mortality and Suicide Findings From Hirvikoski's Landmark Study.","authors":"Brittany N Hand, Melica Nikahd, Bethany J Wolf, J Madison Hyer, Anne Longo, Daniel Gilmore, Lauren Bishop","doi":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.61953","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.61953","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14694,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Network Open","volume":"8 2","pages":"e2461953"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11833514/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143440771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Error in Abstract.","authors":"","doi":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.1740","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.1740","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14694,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Network Open","volume":"8 2","pages":"e251740"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11843361/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143458056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital Screen Time and Myopia: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Ahnul Ha, Yun Jeong Lee, Marvin Lee, Sung Ryul Shim, Young Kook Kim","doi":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.60026","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.60026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>The association of digital screen time with myopia has been documented, but the dose-response association and safe exposure threshold remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the dose-response association of time spent on digital screens with myopia risk.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library databases, CINAHL, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for full-length articles from peer-reviewed journals without restrictions on study design, publication date, or language from inception to November 25, 2024.</p><p><strong>Study selection: </strong>Primary research articles investigating the association of exposure to digital screen devices (ie, smartphones, tablets, game consoles, computers, or television) with myopia-related outcomes (ie, prevalent or incident myopia and the rate of myopia progression) were identified by reviewers.</p><p><strong>Data extraction and synthesis: </strong>Two independent reviewers extracted data using a standardized procedure in accordance with the Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines. A random-effects, dose-response meta-analysis (DRMA) was utilized to examine the pattern of the association of screen time with myopia.</p><p><strong>Main outcome and measures: </strong>Increased odds of myopia per hour of daily screen time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the linear DRMA of 45 studies with 335 524 participants (mean [SD] age, 9.3 [4.3] years), an additional hour of daily screen time was associated with higher odds of myopia (odds ratio [OR], 1.21; 95% CI, 1.13-1.30). The nonlinear DRMA of 34 studies with 314 910 participants also indicated higher odds of myopia with increasing screen time, ranging from 1 hour of daily exposure (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01-1.09) to 4 hours (OR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.56-2.40). The dose-response curve showed myopia risk increasing significantly between 1 to 4 hours of daily screen time, and then rising more gradually after 4 hours.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>In this systematic review and DRMA, a daily 1-hour increment in digital screen time was associated with 21% higher odds of myopia and the dose-response pattern exhibited a sigmoidal shape, indicating a potential safety threshold of less than 1 hour per day of exposure, with an increase in odds up to 4 hours. These findings can offer guidance to clinicians and researchers regarding myopia risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":14694,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Network Open","volume":"8 2","pages":"e2460026"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11846013/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143468022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prefrontal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Pediatric Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial.","authors":"Kerstin Krauel, Hannah Brauer, Carolin Breitling-Ziegler, Christine M Freitag, Christina Luckhardt, Andreas Mühlherr, Magdalena Schütz, Sara Boxhoorn, Christine Ecker, Miguel Castelo-Branco, Daniela Sousa, Helena C Pereira, Joana Crisóstomo, Fabienne Schlechter, Isabel Wrachtrup Calzado, Julia Siemann, Vera Moliadze, Maike Splittgerber, Giada Damiani, Ricardo N Salvador, Giulio Ruffini, Rafal Nowak, Claire Braboszcz, Aureli Soria-Frisch, Axel Thielscher, Alena M Buyx, Michael Siniatchkin, Astrid Dempfle, Alexander Prehn-Kristensen","doi":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.60477","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.60477","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Importance: &lt;/strong&gt;Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has the potential to be a sustainable treatment option in pediatric attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but rigorously controlled multicenter clinical trials using state-of-the-art stimulation techniques are lacking.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;To determine effect sizes of changes in cognitive and clinical measures and to assess safety and tolerability in the course of optimized multichannel tDCS over prefrontal target regions in pediatric ADHD.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Design, setting, and participants: &lt;/strong&gt;In the sham-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group randomized clinical trial E-StimADHD (Improving Neuropsychological Functions and Clinical Course in Children and Adolescents With ADHD With Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation of the Prefrontal Cortex: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Sham-Controlled, Parallel Group Trial Using an Uncertified Class IIa Device) with 2 independent study arms, participants were enrolled from September 15, 2018, to August 10, 2021, and follow-up was completed October 4, 2021. Data were analyzed January 26, 2022, to November 8, 2023. The trial was conducted at the departments of child and adolescent psychiatry or pediatrics of 5 university hospitals in Portugal and Germany. Youths 10 to 18 years of age with ADHD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (all presentations), an IQ of at least 80, and the ability to refrain from stimulant medication during participation in the trial were eligible.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Interventions: &lt;/strong&gt;Optimized multichannel anodal tDCS or sham stimulation (1 mA, 20 minutes) targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (lDLPFC; study A) or the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG; study B) was applied in 10 sessions, concurrent with performance on a cognitive target task (study A, working memory assessed in the n-back task; study B, interference control assessed in the flanker task).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Main outcomes and measures: &lt;/strong&gt;Effect sizes for changes in accuracy measures (d-prime or flanker effect) in the target tasks assessed after the intervention. Primary analyses were based on the modified intention-to-treat set.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;This study included 69 youths (54 [78%] male) with a median age of 13.3 years (IQR, 11.9-14.9 years). Compared with sham tDCS, verum stimulation of the lDLPFC led to significantly lower working memory accuracy (effect size, -0.43 [95% CI, -0.68 to -0.17]; P = .001). Stimulation of the rIFG significantly improved interference control (effect size, 0.30 [95% CI, 0.04-0.56]; P = .02). Adverse events were mostly mild and transient and did not occur more often in the verum group. For example, the most frequent adverse events were headache (sham, n = 30; verum, n = 20), nasopharyngitis (sham, n = 11; verum, n = 5), and feeling of electric discharge (sham, n = 5; verum, n = 3).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;C","PeriodicalId":14694,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Network Open","volume":"8 2","pages":"e2460477"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11846015/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143468083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shining a Light on Cardiopulmonary Fitness in Pediatric Inherited Cardiac Disease.","authors":"William W Russell, Jonathan B Edelson","doi":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.61800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.61800","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14694,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Network Open","volume":"8 2","pages":"e2461800"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social and Financial Costs of Neonatal Intestinal Failure.","authors":"Vikram K Raghu, Sirine Belaid, Susan Gutierrez, Pamela Holzer, Shelby Orris, Scott Rothenberger, Tracey Presel, Kimberly Ackerman, Feras Alissa, Dale King, Jennifer Woo Baidal, Jeffrey A Rudolph, Geoffrey Bond, George V Mazariegos, Simon P Horslen, Kenneth J Smith","doi":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.59548","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.59548","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Neonatal short bowel syndrome with intestinal failure is rare, and observational studies are limited to small cohorts. Health disparities exist in long-term management with little known about the initial hospitalization.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify children with neonatal short bowel syndrome with intestinal failure and to determine whether race, ethnicity, and neighborhood opportunity are associated with length of stay during their initial hospitalizations.</p><p><strong>Design, setting, and participants: </strong>This cross-sectional study of children with neonatal short bowel syndrome and intestinal failure was conducted between 2004 and 2020, with validation and analysis performed from July 2022 to April 2024. Children were identified from the Pediatric Health Information System database, which included administrative data from 50 freestanding US children's hospitals. Children were included on the basis of a diagnosis code of postsurgical malabsorption and billed charges for a neonatal intensive care unit stay and sustained parenteral nutrition use.</p><p><strong>Exposures: </strong>Race and ethnicity were included as a single variable with categories of Hispanic, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic White, other (Asian and multiracial, combined because of low numbers), and unknown according to hospital report. Child Opportunity Index quintile ranged from very low (lowest quintile) to very high (highest quintile).</p><p><strong>Main outcomes and measures: </strong>The primary outcome was length of stay measured in number of days from admission to discharge. The χ2 analysis was used to examine unadjusted associations between categorical variables, and Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used for continuous variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 2267 children with neonatal short bowel syndrome with intestinal failure were identified (997 female [44%]; 410 Hispanic [18%]; 481 non-Hispanic Black [21%]; 690 non-Hispanic White [30%]; 231 other [10%]; 455 unknown [20%]), with 629 (28%) living in areas with very low Child Opportunity Index. The median (IQR) length of stay for the initial admission was 150 (112-200) days, with a median (IQR) cost of $528 628 ($374 040-$766 446). In multivariable analysis, non-Hispanic Black children remained in the hospital for 16 days longer than their non-Hispanic White counterparts (95% CI, 7-25 days; P < .001). Child Opportunity Index was not significantly associated with length of stay when controlling for race and ethnicity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, children with neonatal short bowel syndrome with intestinal failure experienced long initial hospital stays, incurring high costs, with non-Hispanic Black children disproportionately affected. Interventions targeting safe and efficient transition to home are needed to address both efficacy and equity for these children.</p>","PeriodicalId":14694,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Network Open","volume":"8 2","pages":"e2459548"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11866025/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143501450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Cannabis Legalization With Prevalence of Schizophrenia-Challenges of Attributing Biological Causality to Policy Change.","authors":"Jodi M Gilman","doi":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.57876","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.57876","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14694,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Network Open","volume":"8 2","pages":"e2457876"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143189256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}