JAMA Network Open最新文献

{"title":"Interoperable Models for Identifying Critically Ill Children at Risk of Neurologic Morbidity.","authors":"Christopher M Horvat, Amie J Barda, Eddie Perez Claudio, Alicia K Au, Andrew Bauman, Qingyang Li, Ruoting Li, Neil Munjal, Mark S Wainwright, Tanupat Boonchalermvichien, Harry Hochheiser, Robert S B Clark","doi":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.57469","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.57469","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Decreasing mortality in the field of pediatric critical care medicine has shifted practicing clinicians' attention to preserving patients' neurodevelopmental potential as a main objective. Earlier identification of critically ill children at risk for incurring neurologic morbidity would facilitate heightened surveillance that could lead to timelier clinical detection, earlier interventions, and preserved neurodevelopmental trajectory.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To develop machine-learning models for identifying acquired neurologic morbidity in hospitalized pediatric patients with critical illness and assess correlation with contemporary serum-based, brain injury-derived biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Design, setting, and participants: </strong>This prognostic study used data from all children admitted to a quaternary pediatric intensive care unit in a large, freestanding children's hospital in Western Pennsylvania between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2022. External model validation used data from children admitted between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2023, to a quaternary pediatric intensive care unit in a large, freestanding children's hospital that serves as a referral center for the 5-state region of Washington, Wyoming, Alaska, Montana, and Idaho.</p><p><strong>Exposures: </strong>Critical illness.</p><p><strong>Main outcomes and measures: </strong>The outcome was neurologic morbidity, defined according to a computable, composite definition at the development site or an order for neurocritical care consultation at the validation site. Models were developed using varying time windows for temporal feature engineering and varying censored time horizons between the last feature and the identified neurologic morbidity. A generalizable model created at the development site was optimized and assessed at an external validation site. Correlation was assessed between development site model predictions and measurements of brain biomarkers from a convenience cohort.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After exclusions, there were 18 568 encounters from 2010 to 2022 in the development site generalizable model cohort (median age, 70 [IQR, 18-161] months; 8325 [45%] female). There were 6825 encounters from 2018 to 2021 at the external validation site (median age, 96 [IQR 18-171] months; 3159 [46%] female). A generalizable extreme gradient boosted model with a 24-hour time horizon and 48-hour feature engineering window demonstrated an F1 score of 0.37 (95% CI, 0.33-0.40), area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of 0.81 (95% CI, 0.78-0.83), and number needed to alert of 4 at the validation site. After recalibration at the validation site, the Brier score was 0.04. Serum levels of the brain injury biomarker glial fibrillary acidic protein significantly correlated with model output (rs = 0.34; P = .007).</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>This prognostic study of prediction models for detec","PeriodicalId":14694,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Network Open","volume":"8 2","pages":"e2457469"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11795326/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143189331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alzheimer Disease Blood Biomarkers and Cognition Among Individuals With Diabetes and Overweight or Obesity.","authors":"Michelle M Mielke, Joni K Evans, Rebecca H Neiberg, Doris P Molina-Henry, Santica M Marcovina, Karen C Johnson, Owen T Carmichael, Stephen R Rapp, Bonnie C Sachs, Jingzhong Ding, Heather M Shappell, Jose A Luchsinger, Mark A Espeland, Kathleen M Hayden","doi":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.58149","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.58149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Blood-based biomarkers (BBMs) are clinically available to aid in the diagnosis of Alzheimer disease (AD) and AD-related dementias (ADRD), but their association with cognition among older adults with specific chronic conditions has not been examined.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To longitudinally examine associations between baseline AD and ADRD BBMs and change in BBMs with cognition among participants with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and overweight or obesity.</p><p><strong>Design, setting, and participants: </strong>The Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) study was a clinical trial of older adults with T2D and overweight or obesity randomized to a 10-year intensive lifestyle intervention for weight loss or a diabetes support and education condition. Participants were recruited and followed up at 16 clinical sites across the US. Enrollment occurred from January 1, 2001, to December 31, 2004. The primary intervention spanned the first 4 years after participants' enrollment (January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2011). The clinical trial was stopped in September 2012 and was converted to an observational study. Blood samples were drawn at baseline and 8 to 12 years later. Cognitive assessments were performed from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2014, and from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2020. Data for the present cohort study were analyzed between January and August 2024.</p><p><strong>Exposures: </strong>Baseline and 8- to 12-year change in plasma levels of amyloid-β (Aβ)40, Aβ42, Aβ42/40 ratio, phosphorylated tau 181 (pTau-181), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament light chain (NfL).</p><p><strong>Main outcomes and measures: </strong>Cognitive composite z score and adjudicated mild cognitive impairment or probable dementia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean (SD) baseline age of 758 participants was 61.5 (6.1) years, and 424 participants [55.9%] were female. Mean (SD) body mass index was 34.8 (5.3). Of the participants, 373 were randomized to diabetes support and education and 385 to intensive lifestyle intervention. Increasing baseline BBM levels were not associated with any cognitive composite z score. Increasing levels of NfL (β = -0.032 [SE, 0.013]; P = .01) and GFAP (β = -0.087 [SE, 0.025]; P < .001), but not the Aβ42/40 ratio (β = 0.006 [SE, 0.040]; P = .88) or pTau-181 (β = 0.026 [SE, 0.025]; P = .31), were associated with worsening cognitive function and incident mild cognitive impairment or probable dementia. The intervention had no association with 8- to 12-year change in BBM levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>In this study of participants with T2D and overweight or obesity, increasing plasma NfL and GFAP levels over time, but not Aβ42/40 or pTau-181 levels, were associated with cognitive decline and incident cognitive impairment. These results suggest that plasma NfL and GFAP may be important biomarkers of cognitive change among this patient popula","PeriodicalId":14694,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Network Open","volume":"8 2","pages":"e2458149"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143255725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public Understanding of Risk and Benefit of Mifepristone: A Randomized Clinical Trial.","authors":"Tamar Krishnamurti, Gianna White, Barry Dewitt, Elizabeth Mosley, Baruch Fischhoff","doi":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.60236","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.60236","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14694,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Network Open","volume":"8 2","pages":"e2460236"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143255744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiometabolic Trajectories Preceding Dementia in Community-Dwelling Older Individuals.","authors":"Zimu Wu, Lachlan Cribb, Rory Wolfe, Raj C Shah, Suzanne G Orchard, Alice Owen, Robyn L Woods, Swarna Vishwanath, Trevor T-J Chong, Kerry M Sheets, Anne M Murray, Joanne Ryan","doi":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.58591","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.58591","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Poor cardiometabolic health is a risk factor associated with cognitive impairment in later life, but it remains unclear whether cardiometabolic trajectories can serve as early markers associated with dementia.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare cardiometabolic trajectories that precede dementia diagnosis with those among individuals without dementia.</p><p><strong>Design, setting, and participants: </strong>This case-control study analyzed a sample drawn from community-dwelling participants in the Aspirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) study. Recruitment through primary care physicians occurred between March 2010 and December 2014, with participants followed up for a maximum of 11 years. Dementia cases were matched on sociodemographic characteristics and time of diagnosis to dementia-free controls. Data analysis was performed between February and June 2024.</p><p><strong>Exposures: </strong>Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glucose levels, high- and low-density lipoprotein (HDL and LDL) and total cholesterol levels, and triglyceride levels were measured repeatedly between 2010 and 2022.</p><p><strong>Main outcomes and measures: </strong>Dementia (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders [Fourth Edition] criteria) was adjudicated by an international expert panel.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 5390 participants (mean [SD] age, 76.9 [4.8] years; 2915 women [54.1%]), there were 2655 individuals (49.3%) with less than 12 years of education. The study included 1078 dementia cases and 4312 controls. Up to a decade before diagnosis, dementia cases compared with controls had lower BMI for all years from -7 years (marginal estimate, 27.52 [95% CI, 27.24 to 27.79] vs 28.00 [95% CI, 27.86 to 28.14]; contrast P = 002) to 0 years (marginal estimate, 26.09 [95% CI, 25.81 to 26.36] vs 27.22 [95% CI, 27.09 to 27.36]; contrast P < .001) and lower waist circumference for all years from -10 years (marginal estimate, 95.45 cm [95% CI, 94.33 to 96.57 cm] vs 97.35 cm [95% CI, 96.79 to 97.92 cm]; contrast P = .003) to 0 years (marginal estimate, 93.90 [95% CI, 93.15 cm to 94.64 cm] vs 96.67 cm [95% CI, 96.30 to 97.05 cm]; contrast P < .001); cases also had a faster decline in BMI (linear change β, -0.13 [95% CI, -0.19 to -0.08]) and waist circumference (linear change β, -0.30 cm [95% CI, -0.51 to -0.08 cm]). Compared with controls, cases generally had higher HDL levels, in particular from 5 years (marginal estimate, 62.57 mg/dL [95% CI, 61.59 to 63.56 mg/dL] vs 60.84 mg/dL [95% CI, 60.35 to 61.34 mg/dL]; contrast P = .002) to 3 years (marginal estimate, 62.78 mg/dL [95% CI, 61.82 to 63.74 mg/dL] vs 61.08 mg/dL [95% CI, 60.60 to 61.56 mg/dL]; contrast P = .002) before dementia but with a decline in levels just before diagnosis (linear change β, -0.47 mg/dL [95% CI, -0.86 to -0.07 mg/dL]). Dementia cases had lower systolic blood pressure and triglyce","PeriodicalId":14694,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Network Open","volume":"8 2","pages":"e2458591"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143364758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time to Act on a Growing Public Health Threat-Evidence of Elevated Mortality in Cannabis Use Disorder.","authors":"Laura J Bierut, Fang Fang","doi":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.57781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.57781","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14694,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Network Open","volume":"8 2","pages":"e2457781"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143255746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise Interventions for Depression, Anxiety, and Quality of Life in Older Adults With Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Rou Yi Soong, Chen Ee Low, Vanessa Ong, Isaac Sim, Charmaine Lee, Fattah Lee, Lucas Chew, Chun En Yau, Ainsley Ryan Yan Bin Lee, Matthew Zhixuan Chen","doi":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.57859","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.57859","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Cancer and its treatment negatively impact the mental health of older adults. The potential of exercise interventions as a complementary treatment to alleviate the psychological impacts of cancer is promising, but there are gaps in the current literature.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine if exercise interventions are associated with improvements in psychological outcomes among older adults with cancer.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, and Cochrane databases were searched from database inception to November 5, 2024. Search terms used were geriatrics, cancer, depression, anxiety, quality of life, and exercise interventions.</p><p><strong>Study selection: </strong>English-language randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that analyzed the association of various exercise interventions with at least 1 of 3 psychological outcomes (depression, anxiety, or health-related quality-of-life [HRQOL]) were included. The control groups were given usual care. Studies were included if the mean age of participants was older than 60 years and had participants with a diagnosis of any cancer regardless of comorbidities.</p><p><strong>Data extraction and synthesis: </strong>Studies were screened, and data were extracted by 2 independent authors. Random-effects meta-analyses and meta-regressions were used for analysis. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline was followed.</p><p><strong>Main outcomes and measures: </strong>The primary outcomes were depression, anxiety, and HRQOL. Standardized mean difference (SMD) was used to quantify the association of exercise interventions with outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 27 RCTs with 1929 participants were included. Meta-analyses observed an association of exercise with a significant reduction in levels of depression (SMD = -0.53; 95% CI, -0.79 to -0.28) and anxiety (SMD = -0.39; 95% CI, -0.66 to -0.12) and improvements in overall HRQOL (SMD = 0.63; 95% CI, 0.10 to 1.17). Subgroup analyses revealed that mind-body exercise interventions were significantly associated with improved depression (SMD = -0.89; 95% CI, -1.51 to -0.27) and anxiety levels (SMD = -0.77; 95% CI, -1.54 to -0.01) compared with conventional exercise interventions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this systematic review and meta-analysis of 27 RCTs, exercise interventions were found to be associated with significantly reduced levels of depression and anxiety and significantly improved HRQOL in older adults with cancer. These findings suggest that health care professionals and policymakers should focus more on implementing exercise interventions to improve mental health outcomes in this vulnerable population.</p>","PeriodicalId":14694,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Network Open","volume":"8 2","pages":"e2457859"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11795328/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143189328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Financial Incentives for COVID-19 Vaccination: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial.","authors":"John Ternovski, Sebastian Jilke, Florian Keppeler, Dominik Vogel","doi":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.58542","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.58542","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Importance: &lt;/strong&gt;Prior studies found that financial incentives have small, positive direct effects in increasing COVID-19 vaccination rates, but unmeasured social spillovers (ie, changes in outcomes among untreated individuals who are socially exposed to policy beneficiaries) may diminish the overall effect of such policies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To assess the spillover effects of a COVID-19 vaccination financial incentive and assess whether incorporating estimates of spillover meaningfully affects broader evaluations of policy effectiveness.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Design, setting, and participants: &lt;/strong&gt;This population-level, address-cluster randomized clinical trial was conducted in November 2021. Participants were all adult (aged ≥18 years) residents of Ravensburg, Germany, who were randomly assigned to the treatment or control group. One resident in each address cluster was randomly selected to be an address-cluster representative. Address-cluster representatives in the treatment group received the treatment letter; all other cohabitants at that same address received the control letter. All individuals in addresses randomly assigned to the control group were mailed a control letter. Intention-to-treat data analysis was conducted from January 2022 to May 2024.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Intervention: &lt;/strong&gt;Control letters informed recipients about 7 upcoming free COVID-19 vaccination events. Treatment letters were identical to control letters, except they also offered €40 (US $41.46) for getting vaccinated at one of the events.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Main outcome and measure: &lt;/strong&gt;Primary and booster COVID-19 vaccination uptake was observed and recorded on site during the public vaccination events. Primary vaccinations were defined as either the first dose of a 1-dose vaccine or the first or second dose of a 2-doses vaccine. Boosters were defined as any dose after primary vaccination. Three types of commonly used treatment effects were analyzed: direct, spillover, and overall.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Among 41 548 Ravensburg residents (mean [SD] age, 49.96 [19.04] years; 51.3% female), 796 (1.9%) were vaccinated at 1 of the 7 public vaccination events. The direct, spillover, and overall effects of receiving a financial incentive on primary vaccinations were all nonsignificant. For booster vaccinations, the direct effect was negative but not statistically significant (-0.32 percentage points [95% CI, -0.77 to 0.14 percentage points]; P = .17), whereas the overall effect (-0.30 percentage points [95% CI, -0.51 to -0.09 percentage points]; P = .006) was significantly negative. The spillover effect was significantly negative (-0.29 percentage points [95% CI, -0.53 to -0.06 percentage points]; P = .01), but only for the first vaccination events.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions and relevance: &lt;/strong&gt;This trial found null direct effects on COVID-19 vaccination uptake and negative effects on booster uptake among individuals who did not recei","PeriodicalId":14694,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Network Open","volume":"8 2","pages":"e2458542"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143364797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-Related Changes in Brain Structure in Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease.","authors":"Ellen van der Plas, Eric Nelson, Brian Becknell, Anne E Dawson, Camille S Wilson, Jeffrey D Dawson, Joseph L Alge, Lyndsay A Harshman","doi":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.57601","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.57601","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Pediatric patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibit reduced cerebellum volume, which is associated with neurocognitive deficits and a lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), even before dialysis or transplantation. These differences have not been examined within the context of age-related brain changes during childhood to early adulthood.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate differences in age-related neurodevelopmental changes in patients with CKD compared with control participants and to investigate associations between regional neuroanatomy, functional outcomes, and disease-related variables.</p><p><strong>Design, setting, and participants: </strong>Case-control study of individuals aged 6 through 21 years with and without CKD at an academic medical center in Iowa City, Iowa, from September 2016 to August 2024.</p><p><strong>Exposures: </strong>Neurocognitive testing; 3-T magnetic resonance imaging.</p><p><strong>Main outcomes and measures: </strong>Participants completed standardized neurocognitive assessments and quantitative neuroanatomical scans. Brain regions of interest (ROIs) were analyzed for volumetric differences using automated pipelines. Multivariable linear models assessed neurocognitive and neuroanatomical differences between groups, including an age × group interaction for ROI analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sample included 124 individuals (mean [SD] age, 12.8 [4.5] years; 74 [59.7%] male), including 87 control participants (44 [50.6%] male) and 37 participants with CKD (30 [81.1%] male). The mean (SD) eGFR was 71.3 [25.5] mL/min/1.73 m2 for the CKD group. Participants with CKD scored lower than control participants on most neurocognitive measures included in the analyses. The CKD group showed differential age-related changes in cerebellar gray matter (β = -0.10; 95% CI, -0.18 to -0.01; Cohen f = 0.22) and white matter (β = -0.09; 95% CI, -0.19 to -0.00; Cohen f = 0.19). The age × group interaction approached but did not reach significance for amygdala volume (β = 0.09; 95% CI, -0.01 to 0.19; Cohen f = 0.18; P = .06). Volumetric variation in these regions was associated with proxy ratings of executive function in patients with CKD. A significant, positive association between cerebellar gray matter and eGFR was observed in the CKD group (β = 0.04; 95% CI, 0.00 to 0.02; P = .01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>In this case-control study, age-related neurodevelopmental differences were observed in pediatric patients with CKD compared with healthy peers. Reductions in cerebellar volume were associated with cognitive deficits and lower kidney function. These findings underscore the importance of monitoring neurodevelopmental trajectories in children with CKD, as early interventions may be necessary to mitigate cognitive impairments associated with CKD.</p>","PeriodicalId":14694,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Network Open","volume":"8 2","pages":"e2457601"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11791706/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Firearm Type and Number of People Killed in Publicly Targeted Fatal Mass Shooting Events.","authors":"Leslie M Barnard, Erin Wright-Kelly, Ashley Brooks-Russell, Marian E Betz","doi":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.58085","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.58085","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14694,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Network Open","volume":"8 2","pages":"e2458085"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11800013/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143189329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Error in the Byline, Abstract, and Results.","authors":"","doi":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.0680","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.0680","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14694,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Network Open","volume":"8 2","pages":"e250680"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143364791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}