发布求助
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献

Isis最新文献

筛选
英文 中文
The Accuracy of Ancient Cartography Reassessed: The Longitude Error in Ptolemy’s Map. 古代地图学准确性的再评估:托勒密地图中的经度误差。
IF 0.6 2区 哲学
Isis Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.1086/689763
Dimitry A Shcheglov
{"title":"The Accuracy of Ancient Cartography Reassessed: The Longitude Error in Ptolemy’s Map.","authors":"Dimitry A Shcheglov","doi":"10.1086/689763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/689763","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This essay seeks to explain the most glaring error in Ptolemy’s geography: the greatly exaggerated longitudinal extent of the known world as\u0000shown on his map. The main focus is on a recent hypothesis that attributes all responsibility for this error to Ptolemy’s adoption of the wrong value for the circumference of the Earth. This explanation has challenging implications for our understanding of ancient geography: it presupposes that before Ptolemy there had been a tradition of high-accuracy geodesy and cartography based on Eratosthenes’ measurement of the Earth. The essay argues that this hypothesis does not stand up to scrutiny. The story proves to be much more complex than can be accounted for by a single-factor explanation. A more careful analysis of the evidence allows us to assess the individual contribution to Ptolemy’s error made by each character in this story: Eratosthenes, Ptolemy, ancient surveyors, and others. As a result, a more balanced and well-founded assessment is offered: Ptolemy’s reputation is rehabilitated in part, and the delusion of high-accuracy ancient cartography is dispelled.</p>","PeriodicalId":14667,"journal":{"name":"Isis","volume":"107 4","pages":"687-706"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/689763","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36218887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Francis Bacon and Magnetical Cosmology. 弗朗西斯·培根和磁性宇宙学。
IF 0.6 2区 哲学
Isis Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.1086/689695
Xiaona Wang
{"title":"Francis Bacon and Magnetical Cosmology.","authors":"Xiaona Wang","doi":"10.1086/689695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/689695","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A short-lived but important movement in seventeenth-century English natural philosophy—which scholars call “magnetical philosophy” or\u0000“magnetical cosmology”—sought to understand gravity (both terrestrial and celestial) by analogy with magnetism. The movement was clearly inspired by William Gilbert’s De magnete (1600) and culminated with Robert Hooke’s prefiguring of the universal principle of gravitation, which he personally communicated to Isaac Newton in 1679. But the magnetical cosmology, as professed by those in the movement, differed from Gilbert’s philosophy in highly significant ways. Proponents never accepted Gilbert’s animistic account of magnets and seem tacitly to have accepted a belief in action at a distance that Gilbert himself rejected. This essay argues that Francis Bacon (1561–1626) had already provided just the adaptations to Gilbert’s philosophy that the later thinkers adopted, including an important endorsement of action at a distance, and that he should be recognized as playing an important role in the movement.</p>","PeriodicalId":14667,"journal":{"name":"Isis","volume":"107 4","pages":"707-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/689695","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36218889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Clocks to Computers: A Machine-Based “Big Picture” of the History of Modern Science. 从时钟到计算机:以机器为基础的现代科学史“大图景”。
IF 0.6 2区 哲学
Isis Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.1086/689764
Frans van Lunteren
{"title":"Clocks to Computers: A Machine-Based “Big Picture” of the History of Modern Science.","authors":"Frans van Lunteren","doi":"10.1086/689764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/689764","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the last few decades there have been several calls for a “big picture” of the history of science. There is a general need for a concise overview of the rise of modern science, with a clear structure allowing for a rough division into periods. This essay proposes such a scheme, one that is both elementary and comprehensive. It focuses on four machines, which can be seen to have mediated between science and society during successive\u0000periods of time: the clock, the balance, the steam engine, and the computer. Following an extended developmental phase, each of these machines came to play a highly visible role in Western societies, both socially and economically. Each of these machines, moreover,\u0000was used as a powerful resource for the understanding of both inorganic and organic nature. More specifically, their metaphorical use helped to construe and refine some key concepts that would play a prominent role in such understanding. In each case the key concept would at some point be considered to represent the ultimate building block of reality. Finally, in a refined form, each of these machines would eventually make its entry\u0000in scientific research, thereby strengthening the ties between these machines and nature.</p>","PeriodicalId":14667,"journal":{"name":"Isis","volume":"107 4","pages":"762-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/689764","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36219075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Pluralism versus Periodization. 多元化与分期化。
IF 0.6 2区 哲学
Isis Pub Date : 2016-12-01
Patricia Fara
{"title":"Pluralism versus Periodization.","authors":"Patricia Fara","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In his ingenious bid to restore grand narratives, Frans van Lunteren misleadingly implies that there is a single story to tell about the past. In its favor, his nontrumphalist and metaphorical scheme encourages contextualization and emphasizes objects rather than theories or individuals. Unfortunately, he has selected an arbitrary starting point, and his four emblematic machines—the clock, the balance, the steam engine, the computer—do not bear equivalent relationships to the particular period they are held to represent. This is important because metaphors readily solidify into reality, so that this model risks being interpreted as a progressive sequence of increasing precision and complexity that leaves little room for the biological sciences. Van Lunteren’s initiative might be extended by changing the time structure or by focusing on concepts rather than specific artifacts.</p>","PeriodicalId":14667,"journal":{"name":"Isis","volume":"102 7","pages":"785-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36221681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Agency. 机构。
IF 0.6 2区 哲学
Isis Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.1086/689765
M Norton Wise
{"title":"Agency.","authors":"M Norton Wise","doi":"10.1086/689765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/689765","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In support of Frans van Lunteren’s project for big-picture history organized around “mediating machines,” these comments stress “mediation” as active agency in the world rather than as mere metaphor, on the view that this active agency underlies the potency of technologies as mediators, both between different domains of knowledge and between theories and things. Similarly important for this power is the\u0000diversity of the particular constructions that constitute mediators like “balances” or “engines.” Diversity of meaning and action gives them their cultural reach, from mechanical contrivance to natural process to political ideology. An interesting question remains about how many mediating machines will suffice for the big picture of modernity over four centuries. Statistics, for example, might be a crucial addition. Another\u0000question concerns how to characterize the knowledge regime of a mediating machine. Van Lunteren chooses “information” for the computer. He might also have chosen “complexity,” with different import for the character of postmodernity.</p>","PeriodicalId":14667,"journal":{"name":"Isis","volume":"107 4","pages":"781-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/689765","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36219079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Machines as "Mental Tools." 机器是“精神工具”。
IF 0.6 2区 哲学
Isis Pub Date : 2016-12-01
Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent
{"title":"Machines as \"Mental Tools.\"","authors":"Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In an earnest effort to clarify his historiographical choices, Frans van Lunteren characterizes his scheme as “analytic rather than historicist” and as providing “a pattern rather than a plot.” Clearly he is keener on panoramic painting than on storytelling. Both the panoramic and the narrative genres are suitable for popular audiences: the former provides a static picture, whereas the latter stresses dynamic changes. Despite the limitations of its methodology—which, remarkably, the author points out in his concluding remarks—the essay opens up a broad anthropological perspective that could be further elaborated. Thanks to its focus on ontology, this quick survey of interactions between technology, science, and society clearly assumes the cultural and historical relativity of our concepts of nature and machine.</p>","PeriodicalId":14667,"journal":{"name":"Isis","volume":"107 4","pages":"777-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36218531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Clocks to Computers: Some Clarifications. 时钟到电脑:一些澄清。
IF 0.6 2区 哲学
Isis Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.1086/689796
Frans van Lunteren
{"title":"Clocks to Computers: Some Clarifications.","authors":"Frans van Lunteren","doi":"10.1086/689796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/689796","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This final comment aims to dispel legitimate concerns expressed in some of the commentaries about the nature of the successive epistemic regimes inherent in the“big picture” offered in “Clocks to Computers” and the use of machines as emblems for these regimes. It also addresses the place in the proposed scheme of some key figures in the history of science that do not obviously fit these regimes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14667,"journal":{"name":"Isis","volume":"107 4","pages":"800-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/689796","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36221064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Religion and Science in the EasternMediterranean. 地中海东部的宗教与科学。
IF 0.6 2区 哲学
Isis Pub Date : 2016-09-01 DOI: 10.1086/688435
Robert Morrison
{"title":"Religion and Science in the Eastern\u0000Mediterranean.","authors":"Robert Morrison","doi":"10.1086/688435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/688435","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>“Science and Orthodox Christianity: An Overview” is an ambitious survey\u0000that reminds scholars of science in Islamic societies that the conversation between Islam\u0000and science is really a conversation between Islam and science in different contexts\u0000and that conversations between Islam and science can be found with less renowned\u0000scientific developments such as prophetic medicine. This response points out parallels\u0000in how Greek Orthodox and Ottoman Muslim scholars mediated new developments\u0000in Western European science and in how both Greek Orthodox and some Ottoman\u0000Muslim scholars propounded a mathematical humanism. Finally, it argues that the\u0000account of post-1453 scientific exchange is more complex than “Science and Orthodox\u0000Christianity” intimates. At the least, if there was no scholarly exchange between\u0000Greek Orthodox Christians, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, Muslims and\u0000Jews—who, in turn, enjoyed scholarly exchange with the West well after 1453—there\u0000are clearly two different Easts.</p>","PeriodicalId":14667,"journal":{"name":"Isis","volume":"107 3","pages":"579-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/688435","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35168831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
News of the Profession: Eloge. 职业新闻:哀诉。
IF 0.6 2区 哲学
Isis Pub Date : 2016-09-01 DOI: 10.1086/688393
Roger J Wood
{"title":"News of the Profession: Eloge.","authors":"Roger J Wood","doi":"10.1086/688393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/688393","url":null,"abstract":"Isis, volume 114, number 2, June 2023. © 2023 History of Science Society. All rights reserved. Published Society. https://doi.org/10.1086/724875 Film still image from Interview with Bruno Latour, 2022, with Nicolas Truong, Part 11/12, “Philosophy Is Beautiful,” ARTE.tv, Camille De Chenay and Nicolas Truong, dirs., https://www .arte.tv/en/videos/106738-011-A/interview-with-bruno-latour/ (accessed 13 Feb. 2023).","PeriodicalId":14667,"journal":{"name":"Isis","volume":"107 3","pages":"597-600"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/688393","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35170283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Two Orthodoxies and Science:Comparative Reflections. 两种正统与科学:比较反思。
IF 0.6 2区 哲学
Isis Pub Date : 2016-09-01 DOI: 10.1086/688417
Yakov M Rabkin
{"title":"Two Orthodoxies and Science:\u0000Comparative Reflections.","authors":"Yakov M Rabkin","doi":"10.1086/688417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/688417","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This essay offers a comparative discussion of attitudes to science within Jewish\u0000and Christian Orthodoxies. When it touches on the contemporary period, it deals\u0000with different varieties of Jewish Orthodoxy rather than the more liberal Jewish denominations.\u0000Debates about science and religion, rarely involving active—let alone\u0000prominent—scientists, take place within both religious traditions. The issues can be\u0000roughly divided in two categories—cognitive and social—even though the two may\u0000occasionally intersect. The first category, apparently more important for the Greek Orthodox,\u0000addresses issues of the content of research and of its influence on ethics. Social\u0000issues constitute the other important aspect of the interaction between religion and\u0000modernity: Is it desirable to spend time on anything but religious studies and to engage\u0000in modern society at all, lest its more permissive norms and ideas corrupt proper behavior?\u0000This aspect seems to preoccupy Jewish Orthodoxy more than Greek Orthodoxy.</p>","PeriodicalId":14667,"journal":{"name":"Isis","volume":"107 3","pages":"583-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/688417","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35170279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
首页 上一页 下一页 尾页
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整，为了账户安全，请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
相关产品
×
本文献相关产品
联系我们：info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务，方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号：481959085
Book学术官方微信