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Safe MPC-based disturbance rejection control for uncertain nonlinear systems with state constraints 带状态约束的不确定非线性系统基于 MPC 的安全扰动抑制控制。
IF 6.3 2区 计算机科学
ISA transactions Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2024.07.036
Zhiyuan Zhang , Maopeng Ran , Chaoyang Dong
{"title":"Safe MPC-based disturbance rejection control for uncertain nonlinear systems with state constraints","authors":"Zhiyuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Maopeng Ran ,&nbsp;Chaoyang Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.isatra.2024.07.036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.isatra.2024.07.036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper studies a safe model predictive control (MPC)-based disturbance rejection control for a broad range of uncertain nonlinear systems subject to complex state safety constraints. The system under study is composed of a nominal model and an uncertain term that encapsulates modeling uncertainty, control mismatch, and external disturbances. In order to estimate the system state and total uncertainty, an extended state observer (ESO) is first designed. Utilizing the output of the ESO, the control compensates for the total uncertainty in real time and concurrently implements a control barrier function (CBF)-based MPC for the compensated system. The proposed control framework guarantees both safety and disturbance rejection. Compared to the baseline algorithm CBF-MPC, the proposed method significantly enhances system stability with a smaller root mean square (RMS) error of the system state from the equilibrium point. Rigorous theoretical analysis and simulation experiments are provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14660,"journal":{"name":"ISA transactions","volume":"153 ","pages":"Pages 233-242"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141914914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Intermediate parameter based distributed sensor fault-tolerant estimation for a class of nonlinear systems 一类非线性系统基于中间参数的分布式传感器容错估计
IF 6.3 2区 计算机科学
ISA transactions Pub Date : 2024-07-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2024.07.031
Chuan Yu , Qingyu Su , Jing Sun , Yue Long , Guang-Xin Zhong
{"title":"Intermediate parameter based distributed sensor fault-tolerant estimation for a class of nonlinear systems","authors":"Chuan Yu ,&nbsp;Qingyu Su ,&nbsp;Jing Sun ,&nbsp;Yue Long ,&nbsp;Guang-Xin Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.isatra.2024.07.031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.isatra.2024.07.031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper investigates the estimation problem of a class of nonlinear systems with actuator and sensor faults. The primary objective is to design a distributed fault-tolerant observer which can estimate system states and actuator faults. Firstly, a distributed observer network with intermediate parameters is constructed to compensate the missing information of unobservable nodes of the system. Next, a class of redundant sensors is set up for each distributed observer node to obtain more output measurement samples. More importantly, when some of the redundant sensors occur faults, all sensor signals will be further processed and classified by a new algorithm. An index of sensor health level is constructed to characterize the quality of the fault-free or faulty sensor signals. By using the proposed algorithm, unhealthy sensor signals will be automatically filtered out, while healthy ones will be retained. Based on the healthy sensor signals, the system states and actuator faults are estimated. Finally, an example demonstrates that the proposed method is effective.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14660,"journal":{"name":"ISA transactions","volume":"153 ","pages":"Pages 223-232"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141846725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Two-stage auxiliary drifting path tracking control for distributed driving three-axle commercial vehicles 分布式驾驶三轴商用车的两级辅助漂移路径跟踪控制
IF 6.3 2区 计算机科学
ISA transactions Pub Date : 2024-07-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2024.07.022
Xuanyu Shi , Hai Wang , Yingfeng Cai , Xiaoqiang Sun , Long Chen , Chao Yang
{"title":"Two-stage auxiliary drifting path tracking control for distributed driving three-axle commercial vehicles","authors":"Xuanyu Shi ,&nbsp;Hai Wang ,&nbsp;Yingfeng Cai ,&nbsp;Xiaoqiang Sun ,&nbsp;Long Chen ,&nbsp;Chao Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.isatra.2024.07.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.isatra.2024.07.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>When maneuvering corners at high speeds, commercial vehicles experience significant sideslip angles and tire force saturation, which can lead to severe traffic accidents. Incorporating intelligent driving technology to develop a controllable scheme that surpasses stability constraints and maintains the vehicle in a drift state is crucial for enhancing driving safety. Therefore, based on the model characteristics of distributed drive three-axle(DDTA) commercial vehicles, a two-stage auxiliary drift controller is proposed. In the auxiliary drift stage, time-varying model predictive control (MPC) is employed to track the desired states and achieve steady-state drift path tracking under extreme working conditions. A two-stage controller switching strategy is implemented based on road information. In the yaw stability control stage, an advanced auxiliary system facilitates cooperative control to smoothly restore tire attachment and vehicle yaw. Simulation results demonstrate that the control strategy ensures consistent path tracking performance even when adhesion of the middle and rear axle saturates and peak vehicle sideslip angle reaches 32.09°. After completing the drifting, vehicle yaw successfully returns to a stable state. Subsequently, miniaturized vehicle tests qualitatively analyze relevant conclusions by elucidating transient instability evolution in vehicles subjected to steering and distributed drive. The controllable stability boundary of the vehicle is thus expanded, thereby enhancing the engineering feasibility of drift technology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14660,"journal":{"name":"ISA transactions","volume":"153 ","pages":"Pages 404-419"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019057824003550/pdfft?md5=9be8a4d49830094bd1257065707de2b9&pid=1-s2.0-S0019057824003550-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141851623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
DS based 2-DOF PID controller for various integrating processes with time delay 基于 DS 的 2-DOF PID 控制器,用于具有时间延迟的各种集成过程
IF 6.3 2区 计算机科学
ISA transactions Pub Date : 2024-07-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2024.07.030
GunBaek So
{"title":"DS based 2-DOF PID controller for various integrating processes with time delay","authors":"GunBaek So","doi":"10.1016/j.isatra.2024.07.030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.isatra.2024.07.030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study proposes a direct synthesis-based two-degree-of-freedom (2-DOF) controller for various types of integrating processes with time delays. This 2-DOF controller includes a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller to enhance load disturbance rejection performance and a set-point filter to improve servo response performance. The main PID controller parameters are expressed as process model parameters and a single adjustment variable, while the set-point filter is composed of PID controller parameters with weighted factors. The adjustment variable is tuned to achieve an optimal balance between response performance and robustness, based on the maximum magnitude of the sensitivity function (Ms). Controller parameters for various Ms values and guidelines for setting these parameters are provided in a consistent formulaic form using a curve-fitting method. These parameter-setting formulas facilitate the accurate implementation of PID controllers with specified Ms values and allow the controller design to be extended to processes with larger dimensionless time delays for a given Ms value. Although a 2-DOF controller was proposed, the adjustment variable for setting the parameters of the main PID controller and the set-point filter was solely the desired time constant. The proposed method was applied to various integrating processes with time delays, and its performance was compared with existing methods reported in the literature, based on performance indices such as settling time, overshoot, integral of absolute error, total variation in input usage, and global performance index. Simulations were conducted using six examples of various integrating processes with time delays to verify the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed controller.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14660,"journal":{"name":"ISA transactions","volume":"153 ","pages":"Pages 276-294"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001905782400363X/pdfft?md5=eb1096b86875acd9b174743fe15ce1bb&pid=1-s2.0-S001905782400363X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141848034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A modified droop-based decentralized control strategy for accurate power sharing in a PV-based islanded AC microgrid 在基于光伏的孤岛式交流微电网中实现精确电力共享的改进型基于 Droop 的分散控制策略
IF 6.3 2区 计算机科学
ISA transactions Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2024.07.032
Bibhudatta Mishra, Monalisa Pattnaik
{"title":"A modified droop-based decentralized control strategy for accurate power sharing in a PV-based islanded AC microgrid","authors":"Bibhudatta Mishra,&nbsp;Monalisa Pattnaik","doi":"10.1016/j.isatra.2024.07.032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.isatra.2024.07.032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper introduces a novel droop-based decentralized control scheme to address the power-sharing challenges within a PV-fed islanded AC microgrid. This novel approach integrates both conventional (<em>P-f/Q-V</em>) and virtual impedance concepts to optimize and manage the precise distribution of active and reactive power among parallel operating inverters posing a significant research challenge. The conventional droop control methods encounter limitations such as voltage and frequency deviations and inaccuracies in power-sharing due to line impedance disparities. To overcome these limitations, the proposed solution integrates an enhanced virtual impedance control loop alongside the conventional control loop (<em>P-f/Q-V</em>). The efficacy of this approach is showcased through simulations conducted using the OPAL-RT OP4510 simulator within the MATLAB/Simulink platform. The Real-time simulation outcomes confirm the efficiency of the suggested control strategy, guaranteeing precise distribution of both active and reactive power while upholding stable voltage and frequency profiles within the system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14660,"journal":{"name":"ISA transactions","volume":"153 ","pages":"Pages 467-481"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141838756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
CART-based wide-area damping controller for inter-area oscillations in bulk power system consisting of WAMS data 基于 CART 的大容量电力系统跨区振荡阻尼控制器(由 WAMS 数据组成
IF 6.3 2区 计算机科学
ISA transactions Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2024.07.028
Soheil Ranjbar
{"title":"CART-based wide-area damping controller for inter-area oscillations in bulk power system consisting of WAMS data","authors":"Soheil Ranjbar","doi":"10.1016/j.isatra.2024.07.028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.isatra.2024.07.028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The paper proposes a WADC approach using CART technique to dampen inter-area oscillations (IAOs) in bulk power systems. In this case, PMU data are filtered to estimate inter-area dynamics in which using pade approximation, a pole-zero IAO compensation block is designed. An online random decrement technique is also developed to identify the coherent groups and damping ratios to activate the WADC for oscillation damping. An offline process is provided to identify 200 critical IAO contingencies and tunes WADC gains using PSO for training CARTs via a set of 200 input inter-area signals and assigning output controlling gains pre-trained data and evaluating the CART estimations through online operation. The WADC approach is validated for oscillation damping on a 39-bus system and a realistic 561-generator Iranian grid. Simulations show 98 % accuracy in achieving sufficient damping ratios (&gt;0.6) across various operating conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14660,"journal":{"name":"ISA transactions","volume":"153 ","pages":"Pages 350-363"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141844190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Numerical algorithm for nonlinearity compensation of hardly constrained actuation for trajectory tracking control of deadzone-included dynamic systems 用于包含死区的动态系统轨迹跟踪控制的硬约束执行的非线性补偿数值算法
IF 6.3 2区 计算机科学
ISA transactions Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2024.07.025
Mohammad Moeen Ebrahimi , Mohammad Reza Homaeinezhad
{"title":"Numerical algorithm for nonlinearity compensation of hardly constrained actuation for trajectory tracking control of deadzone-included dynamic systems","authors":"Mohammad Moeen Ebrahimi ,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Homaeinezhad","doi":"10.1016/j.isatra.2024.07.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.isatra.2024.07.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper addresses the control of a nonlinear system affected by deadzone effects, using a constrained actuator. The system itself incorporates a second-order oscillatory dynamic actuator, with an unknown nonlinear input-output relationship. The proposed algorithm not only accommodates the deadzone constraints on control inputs but also considers the actuator's saturation limits in control input calculations. It introduces a trajectory tracking mechanism that, instead of directly following the primary trajectory, adheres to an alternative trajectory capable of stable tracking, gradually converging to the main trajectory while accounting for operational constraints. In practical control systems, the actuator's input-output relationship is often nonlinear and unknown, requiring inversion for model-based control. This paper employs an offline-trained neural network trained on synthetic data to identify and approximate the actuator's behavior. To optimize the control system's performance and ensure stability during sudden error changes, the control input operates in two modes: position and velocity control. This dual-mode control allows for continuous switching between the two, facilitated by an innovative optimization technique based on the gradient descent method with a variable step size. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in controlling systems constrained by hard limits and featuring nonlinear oscillatory actuators, providing a valuable contribution to the field of control systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14660,"journal":{"name":"ISA transactions","volume":"153 ","pages":"Pages 191-208"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019057824003598/pdfft?md5=92a988abf27b7d4b4e72246957a2a461&pid=1-s2.0-S0019057824003598-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141852869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fractional-Order Robust Control Design under parametric uncertain approach 参数不确定方法下的分数阶稳健控制设计
IF 6.3 2区 计算机科学
ISA transactions Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2024.07.023
Marcus C. Martins-Gomes , Florindo A. de C. Ayres Junior , Carlos T. da Costa Junior , Iury V. de Bessa , Nei Junior da S. Farias , Renan L.P. de Medeiros , Luiz E.S. Silva , Vicente F. de Lucena Júnior
{"title":"Fractional-Order Robust Control Design under parametric uncertain approach","authors":"Marcus C. Martins-Gomes ,&nbsp;Florindo A. de C. Ayres Junior ,&nbsp;Carlos T. da Costa Junior ,&nbsp;Iury V. de Bessa ,&nbsp;Nei Junior da S. Farias ,&nbsp;Renan L.P. de Medeiros ,&nbsp;Luiz E.S. Silva ,&nbsp;Vicente F. de Lucena Júnior","doi":"10.1016/j.isatra.2024.07.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.isatra.2024.07.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents a novel methodology that combines fractional-order control theory with robust control under a parametric uncertainty approach to enhance the performance of linear time-invariant uncertain systems with integer or fractional order, referred to as Fractional-Order Robust Control (FORC). In contrast to traditional approaches, the proposed methodology introduces a novel formulation of inequalities-based design, thus expanding the potential for discovering improved solutions through linear programming optimization. As a result, fractional order controllers are designed to guarantee desired transient and steady-state performance in a closed-loop system. To enable the digital implementation of the designed controller, an impulse response invariant discretization of fractional-order differentiators (IRID-FOD) is employed to approximate the fractional-order controllers to an integer-order transfer function. Additionally, Hankel’s reduction order method is applied, thus making it suitable for hardware deployment. Experimental tests carried out in a thermal system and the assessment results, based on time-domain responses and robustness analysis supported by performance indices and set value analysis in a thermal system test-bed, demonstrate the improved and robust performance of the proposed FORC methodology compared to classical robust control under parametric uncertainty.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14660,"journal":{"name":"ISA transactions","volume":"153 ","pages":"Pages 420-432"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141851268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Finite-time prescribed performance tracking control for nonlinear time-delay systems with state constraints and actuator hysteresis 具有状态约束和致动器滞后的非线性时延系统的有限时间规定性能跟踪控制
IF 6.3 2区 计算机科学
ISA transactions Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2024.07.027
Kexin Lu , Huanqing Wang , Fu Zheng , Wen Bai
{"title":"Finite-time prescribed performance tracking control for nonlinear time-delay systems with state constraints and actuator hysteresis","authors":"Kexin Lu ,&nbsp;Huanqing Wang ,&nbsp;Fu Zheng ,&nbsp;Wen Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.isatra.2024.07.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.isatra.2024.07.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, the problem of adaptive neural network prescribed performance tracking control for a class of non-strict feedback time-delay systems constrained by full-state is studied. Radial basis function (RBF) neural networks (NNs) are integrated into the backstepping medium to deal with the uncertain functions and the barrier Lyapunov function (BLF) technique ensures that the state of the system does not exceed its limits. Subsequently, integrated with the Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, the proposed control scheme makes the tracking errors converge to the preset region while the state constraint is not violated. Finally, the effectiveness of the scheme is supported by two simulation experiments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14660,"journal":{"name":"ISA transactions","volume":"153 ","pages":"Pages 295-305"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019057824003604/pdfft?md5=d79e4560446f1ff6ca9ef1d9e168b489&pid=1-s2.0-S0019057824003604-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141840352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Modified super twisting control for robust trajectory tracking and hovering of quadrotor 用于四旋翼飞行器稳健轨迹跟踪和悬停的改进型超级扭转控制
IF 6.3 2区 计算机科学
ISA transactions Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2024.07.024
Kumar Abhinav, Shashi Ranjan Kumar
{"title":"Modified super twisting control for robust trajectory tracking and hovering of quadrotor","authors":"Kumar Abhinav,&nbsp;Shashi Ranjan Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.isatra.2024.07.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.isatra.2024.07.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper proposes a novel controller design using adaptation based modified super twisting control to facilitate trajectory tracking and hovering maneuvers for the quadrotor. The controller gains of the existing modified super twisting control require bounds on the disturbance for trajectory tracking and hovering of the quadrotor. In this paper, the controller gains are adapted using the proposed dynamic adaptation law without knowing the actual disturbance or their upper bounds. The controller is designed within a nonlinear framework without performing linearization of quadrotor dynamics, which enables the proposed controller to remain effective even when the states deviate significantly from their nominal values. The performance of trajectory tracking and hovering of the quadrotor in the presence of disturbance is demonstrated using numerical simulations. In order to assess the effectiveness of the controller, the performance of the adaptation based modified super twisting control is compared to the existing modified super twisting control, and the proposed controller outperforms the existing one.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14660,"journal":{"name":"ISA transactions","volume":"153 ","pages":"Pages 41-56"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141853654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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