ISA transactionsPub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2026-01-02DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2025.12.054
Guobao Liu, Changyu Zhang, Feng Li, Shi Li, Xiaofeng Liu
{"title":"Secure load frequency control for power systems under round-robin protocol: A quantized MPC strategy","authors":"Guobao Liu, Changyu Zhang, Feng Li, Shi Li, Xiaofeng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.isatra.2025.12.054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.isatra.2025.12.054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In modern power systems, ensuring frequency stabilization remains a critical challenge in the face of fluctuations, communication constraints, and malicious cyber-attacks. This paper addresses the problem of secure load frequency control (LFC) in interconnected multi-area systems, particularly under deception attacks and limited communication. In order to address the communication constraints while enhancing frequency regulation performance, a demand-response-participatory LFC framework under round-robin (RR) protocol is proposed. A model predictive control (MPC) strategy is employed in conjunction with dynamic quantization of signals, while considering the impact of the deception attack during signal transmission. Furthermore, the mixed <span><math><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mrow><mo>/</mo></mrow><msub><mi>H</mi><mi>∞</mi></msub></math></span> performance indices are adopted in the resilient controller design to ensure both robustness and performance of the system. The resulting non-convex optimization problem is then reformulated into a feasible problem via cone complementary linearization and linear matrix inequality techniques. A simulation study of a two-area power system shows that the proposed method can control the frequency fluctuation within <span><math><mo>±</mo><mn>0.005</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>H</mi><mi>z</mi></math></span> within <span><math><mn>10</mn><mi>s</mi></math></span> under a sustained deception attack.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14660,"journal":{"name":"ISA transactions","volume":"169 ","pages":"Pages 564-574"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145919216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ISA transactionsPub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-31DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2025.12.050
Lingling Ye, Guolian Hou
{"title":"Flexibility enhancement for thermal power unit coupled with energy storage device by real-time decomposition and improved EADRC","authors":"Lingling Ye, Guolian Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.isatra.2025.12.050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.isatra.2025.12.050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To enhance the peak shaving flexibility of the thermal power unit (TPU) in the context of renewable energy grid connection, this article designs a flexible collaborative power generation scheme that combines TPU with vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB) for coordinated operation. Firstly, a real-time decomposition technique for automatic generation control instruction combining improved complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise, permutation entropy, and transformer network is developed to address the issue of delayed response on the boiler side. The designed real-time decomposition technology provides real-time instruction for fast tracking control of the system. Secondly, considering the complex disturbances and unmodeled dynamics in the TPU-VRFBs coupled system, an error-based active disturbance rejection control strategy with second-order disturbance compensation is proposed. By introducing two-dimensional state variables to precisely reconstruct the total disturbance of the system, the response speed and accuracy can be effectively improved. The simulation results show that under two typical cases, compared with traditional PID control (relying only on TPU), the proposed strategy reduces ITAE on the electric power channel by at least 57.1 %, verifying its superior dynamic performance and robustness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14660,"journal":{"name":"ISA transactions","volume":"169 ","pages":"Pages 549-563"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145902015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ISA transactionsPub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2026-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2026.01.013
Luke Li, Qintao Gan, Ruihong Li, Qiaokun Kang, Yuanlong Liu
{"title":"Distributed fixed/predefined-time optimization for multi-agent systems: new exponential-function-based algorithms","authors":"Luke Li, Qintao Gan, Ruihong Li, Qiaokun Kang, Yuanlong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.isatra.2026.01.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.isatra.2026.01.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Distributed convex optimization with time-varying or time-invariant cost functions remains one of the central challenges in multi-agent systems (MASs). Achieving efficient distributed optimization within a fixed/predefined-time continues to face difficulties such as restrictive assumptions and high computational complexity. This paper proposes innovative distributed optimization frameworks to address the aforementioned limitations. For time-invariant optimization problems, an estimator-based two-stage distributed protocol is introduced, which achieves both inter-agent consensus and convergence to the global optimum within a fixed/predefined-time. Notably, this protocol only requires strong convexity of the global cost function, thereby relaxing the constraints on local functions. For time-varying scenarios, an enhanced zero-gradient-sum (ZGS) framework is developed by integrating a zeroing neural network (ZNN) with sliding mode control. This framework not only eliminates dependence on initial conditions but also implicitly computes the Hessian inverse through ZNN dynamics, effectively avoiding the O(<span><math><msup><mi>n</mi><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>) computational burden associated with explicit matrix inversion. Numerical simulations validate the superior convergence speed and broad applicability of our method, attesting to its great potential for distributed optimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14660,"journal":{"name":"ISA transactions","volume":"169 ","pages":"Pages 75-87"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145986118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ISA transactionsPub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2026-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2026.01.012
Xiaojie Sun , Jie Zhang , Yu Hou , Jian-An Wang , Da-Wei Ding
{"title":"Fully distributed output formation-containment control of heterogeneous multi-agent systems via adaptive observer approach","authors":"Xiaojie Sun , Jie Zhang , Yu Hou , Jian-An Wang , Da-Wei Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.isatra.2026.01.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.isatra.2026.01.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For heterogeneous linear multi-agent systems (MASs) in which not all followers have access to the information of multiple leaders, this paper studies the distributed output formation-containment problem. By converting the research question into the cooperative output regulation problem, a fully distributed control framework via a fully adaptive observer approach is developed. Since a part of the followers cannot directly access the states of leaders, a new observer is designed for reconstructing the system matrices and state information. Specifically, by introducing adaptive gains in place of fixed coupling coefficients in the observer design, the global topological information is no longer needed. Moreover, the conventional regulator equations cannot be directly applied for controller synthesis due to the time-varying estimated system matrices of the leaders. To overcome this challenge, the adaptive regulator equations are developed to dynamically compute the controller gains. Subsequently, both state and output feedback control strategies are presented to achieve the desired output formation-containment control objective. The validation of the proposed method is performed in the simulation results with practical and comparative examples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14660,"journal":{"name":"ISA transactions","volume":"169 ","pages":"Pages 61-74"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145985162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ISA transactionsPub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2025.11.023
Zilong Wu , Zichao Chen , Linyong Bai , Zhiyong Yang
{"title":"Mitigating nonlinear torque oscillations in pneumatic systems with adaptive RBFNN compensated gain-adaptive ADRC","authors":"Zilong Wu , Zichao Chen , Linyong Bai , Zhiyong Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.isatra.2025.11.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.isatra.2025.11.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pneumatic rotary actuators are widely employed in industrial and aerospace applications due to their high power density and cleanliness. However, the strong nonlinearities arising from air compressibility and model uncertainties cause overshoot and oscillations, severely impacting control accuracy. Despite the proven effectiveness of active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) in handling nonlinear systems, two critical limitations hinder its application in pneumatic servos: first, the bandwidth constraints of the extended state observer (ESO) result in inaccurate estimation of time-varying nonlinearities; second, the numerous parameters of ADRC pose significant challenges for tuning. To address these issues, a gain-adaptive active disturbance rejection control strategy based on an adaptive radial basis function neural network compensation (RBFGAADRC) is presented, which improves upon ADRC in two key aspects. First, to overcome ESO limitations, an adaptive radial basis function neural network is employed to replace the ESO, leveraging its superior approximation capability to achieve more accurate estimation and compensation of nonlinearities. Second, to simplify parameter tuning, a gain-adaptive iterative strategy is introduced to dynamically adjust the parameters of the nonlinear error feedback controller, significantly simplifying the tuning process. Experimental results demonstrate that RBFGAADRC achieves a steady-state error of 0.062 Nm without overshoot and a maximum tracking error of 0.35 Nm without oscillations in sinusoidal torque trajectory tracking at 0.5 Hz. These results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method in improving the control performance of pneumatic servo systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14660,"journal":{"name":"ISA transactions","volume":"168 ","pages":"Pages 641-655"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145590523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ISA transactionsPub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-11-26DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2025.11.038
Yeqing Shan , Guangying Lv , Fengyun Li
{"title":"Dynamical analysis and adaptive prescribed-performance backstepping control of two electrostatically coupled MEMS resonators with optimization","authors":"Yeqing Shan , Guangying Lv , Fengyun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.isatra.2025.11.038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.isatra.2025.11.038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the dynamical analysis and adaptive prescribed-performance backstepping control for the coupled MEMS resonators with nonlinear dynamics. The dynamical model of such resonators is established considering the mutual interactions. Then, we examine and reveal the inherent chaotic behaviors that noticeably influence the system sensitivity, using time histories, phase diagrams, bifurcation diagrams, and Lyapunov exponents. In the subsequent controller design, we introduce a type-2 fuzzy wavelet neural network (T2FWNN) to estimate the uncertainties in the system. In backstepping, a speed function and prescribed performance functions are employed to reconstruct the error signals thereby achieving accelerated convergence and the high-precision control. Meanwhile, an accelerated tracking differentiator (ATD) with the speed function is design to address the intrinsic problem of ‘complexity explosion’ of traditional backstepping. Moreover, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) is integrated to tune the control parameters and to minimize the cost function. Besides, we prove that all signals of the closed-loop system are ultimately bounded through stability analysis. Finally, simulation results verify that all control targets such as chaos suppression, accelerated convergence, prescribed performance and optimization are all achieved. Compared with existing methods, the proposed control scheme exhibits superior performance in terms of both accuracy and convergence speed, achieving RMS control errors of 0.0016, 0.1126, 0.012, and 0.1126 respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14660,"journal":{"name":"ISA transactions","volume":"168 ","pages":"Pages 146-159"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145643938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ISA transactionsPub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-11-21DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2025.11.029
Wanchen Wang, Jie Lian, Peilin Jia
{"title":"A novel stability analysis method of switched systems with unstable modes based on PDT switching sequence list","authors":"Wanchen Wang, Jie Lian, Peilin Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.isatra.2025.11.029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.isatra.2025.11.029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the stability problem of switched systems with unstable modes under persistent dwell time (PDT) constraint. A novel PDT switching sequence list concept is presented to fully describe all possible PDT-constrained switching sequences. Based on this list, a relevant switched system is introduced, whose stability is equivalent to the original switched system. By constructing PDT sequence-dependent and inner-varying Lyapunov functions, two types of equivalent stability conditions are established, which effectively circumvent the complex process of subsystem parameter adjustments. Finally, two numerical simulations show the effectiveness of the proposed method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14660,"journal":{"name":"ISA transactions","volume":"168 ","pages":"Pages 445-454"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145643988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ISA transactionsPub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-04DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2025.12.004
D.J. López-Araujo , N. Alvarez-Jarquin , P. Borja , A.T. Becker
{"title":"Fault tolerant adaptive control under actuator saturation for robot manipulators","authors":"D.J. López-Araujo , N. Alvarez-Jarquin , P. Borja , A.T. Becker","doi":"10.1016/j.isatra.2025.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.isatra.2025.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In practice, actuators inherently have natural limitations that are often overlooked by theoretical control strategies, such as bounded output and discrepancies between calculated and actual responses. Consequently, reliable control techniques must be employed to ensure safe and dependable operation. We propose an adaptive control law for global regulation in the case of partial loss of effectiveness due to input faults. The proposed control strategy maintains the system at the desired configuration while accounting for the physical limitations of the actuators. Additionally, it is suitable for dealing with unknown parameters in the vector of gravitational forces, making it robust to these uncertainties. The approach treats the inputs as time-varying signals, allowing for an infinite number of faults. The methodology has the advantage of operating in continuous time. Thus, it is theoretically capable of counteracting any fault event of arbitrary magnitude, as long as the actuators are able to continue overcoming gravitational effects while maintaining inertial and gravitational counteracting responses. The closed-loop system is analyzed using Lyapunov’s stability theory for non-autonomous systems, concluding global asymptotic convergence of all signals. The effectiveness of the control strategy is illustrated through simulations that exhibit resilience to degradation in actuator performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14660,"journal":{"name":"ISA transactions","volume":"168 ","pages":"Pages 247-256"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145746318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ISA transactionsPub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2025.11.048
Fa Chen , Lu Chen , Huiyuan Li , Jian-an Fang
{"title":"Neuroadaptive fault-tolerant tracking control of fractional-order nonaffine nonlinear systems with output constraints and input nonlinearity","authors":"Fa Chen , Lu Chen , Huiyuan Li , Jian-an Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.isatra.2025.11.048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.isatra.2025.11.048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this article, a fault-tolerant adaptive tracking control issue is investigated for nonaffine fractional-order nonlinear systems (FONSs) with prescribed-time interval output constraints (PTIOCs), nonlinear input and actuator fault. The PTIOCs mean that the output constraints begin sometime after system operation and have a prescribed-time duration. It should be emphasized that both the start moment and the end moment of the constraints can be determined by the user. Using the improved dependent-constrained-error function and prescribed-time scaling function, as well as with the help of a barrier function, the PTIOCs issue is transformed into verifying the boundedness of the barrier function. Moreover, an adaptive fault-tolerant control algorithm is developed to mitigate the effects of actuator faults in FONSs while accommodating multiple constraints and nonlinear inputs without requiring structural changes to the controller. The validity of the proposed scheme is then substantiated by simulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14660,"journal":{"name":"ISA transactions","volume":"168 ","pages":"Pages 270-283"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145746237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A type-3 fuzzy synchronization system subjected to hysteresis quantizer inputs and unknown dynamics: Applicable to financial and physical chaotic systems","authors":"Manwen Tian , Ardashir Mohammadzadeh , Hamid Taghavifar , Rathinasamy Sakthivel , Chunwei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.isatra.2025.12.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.isatra.2025.12.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, a new control approach is proposed for the synchronization and stabilization of a class of chaotic systems with unknown dynamics and input nonlinearities. Type-3 fuzzy logic systems (T3-FLSs) are developed to adaptively model the dynamics of both master and slave systems in real time. The input is affected by sector-bounded hysteresis and quantization, and these challenges are explicitly addressed in the control design. Unlike conventional methods, the proposed strategy does not require prior knowledge of the system equations or the derivatives of system signals. The adaptation laws for the T3-FLS parameters and estimation errors are rigorously derived using stability and robustness analysis, ensuring smooth control signals without chattering. Extensive simulations and real-time examinations demonstrate that the method achieves accurate synchronization even under severe uncertainties, high levels of random noise, and non-identical chaotic systems. Comparative results confirm the superiority of the proposed approach over existing fuzzy control methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14660,"journal":{"name":"ISA transactions","volume":"168 ","pages":"Pages 369-378"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145746262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}