Japanese journal of clinical oncology最新文献

{"title":"Impact of tumor-infiltrating immune cells expressing PD-1 and those expressing PD-L1 on recurrence and prognosis in pathological T1b clear cell renal cell carcinoma.","authors":"Yuichi Arai, Kosuke Miyai, Koetsu Hamamoto, Yoshiyuki Furukawa, Takako Asano, Hiroaki Kobayashi, Masayuki Shinchi, Yujiro Tsujita, Kenji Kuroda, Akio Horiguchi, Hitoshi Tsuda, Keiichi Ito","doi":"10.1093/jjco/hyaf054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jjco/hyaf054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The numbers of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) expressing programmed death (PD)-1 or PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1) reportedly predict prognosis and resistance to targeted drugs in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). The impact of local tumor microenvironment based on immunosuppressive TIICs on recurrence and prognosis has not been fully investigated in localized ccRCC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 105 patients with pT1b ccRCC were included. Immunostaining for PD-1 and PD-L1 were performed. PD-1-positive TIICs and PD-L1-positive TIICs were counted in the tumor periphery (TP) and the tumor nest (TN).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with elevated PD-1-positive TIIC scores and those with elevated PD-L1-positive TIIC scores had significantly lower recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates than their counterparts (3-year RFS rates; patients with high vs. low PD-1-positive TIIC score of TN = 73.9% vs. 95.0%, those with high vs. low PD-1-positive TIIC score of TP = 73.8% vs. 93.8%, those with high vs. low PD-L1-positive TIIC score of TN = 70.9% vs. 93.0%, and those with high vs. low PD-L1-positive TIIC score of TP = 80.3% vs. 92.6%). Univariate analysis showed that high PD-1-positive scores, high PD-L1-positive scores, high PD-L1-positive tumor cell score, high-grade tumor, tumor necrosis, and lymphovascular invasion were significantly associated with RFS. Multivariate analysis revealed that tumor necrosis [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.841, P = .0269] and PD-1-positive TIIC score of TN (HR = 6.135, P = .0023) were independent risk factors for RFS. Risk stratification using the two factors efficiently predicts recurrence (3-year RFS rates: 96.4% with 0 factor, 83.8% with 1 factor, and 61.4% with 2 factors).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PD-1-positive TIIC score of TN and tumor necrosis may efficiently predict recurrence in pT1b ccRCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":14656,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of clinical oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143780088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systemic therapy for pretreated advanced biliary tract cancer: past developments and recent advances.","authors":"Naohiro Okano, Angelo Pirozzi, Oluseyi Abidoye, Celine Hoyek, Cody Eslinger, Binbin Zheng-Lin, Fares Jamal, Oudai Sahwan, Mohamad Bassam Sonbol, Pedro Luiz Serrano Uson Junior, Masato Hayashi, Taro Sato, Mariko Nishioka, Fumio Nagashima, Tanios Bekaii-Saab, Mitesh J Borad, Shuichi Hironaka","doi":"10.1093/jjco/hyaf052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jjco/hyaf052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biliary tract cancer (BTC) remains among the most challenging malignancies with a poor prognosis and limited treatment options, particularly in pretreated patients. As most patients experience disease progression after first-line treatment, effective second-line and subsequent treatments are required. Although the addition of modified FOLFOX (fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin) to active symptom control improved the overall survival of patients with progressing advanced BTC despite gemcitabine plus cisplatin treatment, its efficacy was modest. Moreover, most clinical trials demonstrated modest efficacy of molecular-targeted agents for molecularly unselected pretreated advanced BTC. Patients with advanced BTC carry a relatively high druggable genetic alteration rate and have shown promising responses to molecular-matched therapies targeting gene alterations such as FGFR2 fusions/rearrangements, IDH1 mutation, and HER2 overexpression/amplification. Additionally, tumor-agnostic approaches, including BRAF V600E, NTRK fusion, and RET fusion, have expanded the treatment options for some patients. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown limited efficacy as mono- or combination therapy in patients with pretreated advanced BTC. Therefore, developmental efforts have shifted to immune checkpoint inhibitor and other combinations such as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitors or radiation. In addition to refining combination strategies to enhance the therapeutic potential of immune checkpoint inhibitor, future research should focus on elucidating the tumor microenvironment. This review delineates the evolution of systemic therapies in patients with pretreated advanced BTC. By examining past developments and recent advances through prospective trials, it highlights novel approaches that may improve outcomes in this challenging disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":14656,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of clinical oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143772315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical significance of the dose modification of enfortumab vedotin monotherapy for advanced urothelial carcinoma.","authors":"Akinori Minato, Tomohisa Takaba, Yoshihiro Sugita, Yuya Kaneko, Ryota Hongyo, Toshinobu Tanaka, Taro Bando, Takaomi Sugi, Yui Mizushima, Takuo Matsukawa, Kazumasa Jojima, Katsuyoshi Higashijima, Yujiro Nagata, Ikko Tomisaki, Eiji Kashiwagi","doi":"10.1093/jjco/hyaf049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jjco/hyaf049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to assess the influence of modifying the dose of enfortumab vedotin (EV) monotherapy in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively evaluated consecutive patients with metastatic UC who had received EV following platinum-based chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy at our institution between December 2021 and June 2024. The relative dose intensity (RDI), the reason for dose adjustments, and the overall survival (OS) were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 49 patients were enrolled, of which 16 (32.7%), 21 (42.9%), and 12 (24.4%) had RDI of >80%, 60%-80%, and <60%, respectively. EV was discontinued in 3 (6.1%), interrupted in 22 (44.9%), and reduced in dose in 26 (53.1%) patients. In particular, EV was interrupted because of adverse events (AEs) in 77% of patients, and patient preference or attending physician's discretion in 23%. EV dose reduction occurred in 77% of patients because of AEs and in 23% because of the attending physician's discretion. The median duration of EV exposure in patients with RDI of >80%, 60%-80%, and <60% was 3.8, 4.8, and 7.8 months, respectively. These three groups showed no significant difference in OS from EV introduction (median, 8.8 months vs. 12.9 months vs. 15.1 months; P = .104). The median duration of EV response was 9.9 months in patients with RDI < 60%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In cases of effective management, decreasing the RDI during EV monotherapy does not negatively impact the survival outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14656,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of clinical oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143752785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-world safety and effectiveness of alemtuzumab for relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: results from postmarketing surveillance in Japan.","authors":"Yukie Sasakura, Makiko Hatanaka, Kenichi Ishizawa","doi":"10.1093/jjco/hyaf044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jjco/hyaf044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alemtuzumab is a monoclonal antibody directed against CD52 on T and B lymphocytes and is used to treat lymphoproliferative disorders including chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). This postmarketing surveillance, as mandated by the Japanese health authorities, investigated the safety and effectiveness of alemtuzumab in Japanese patients receiving alemtuzumab for relapsed/refractory CLL.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was an observational, prospective study conducted in patients with lymphoproliferative disorders who received alemtuzumab in routine clinical practice in Japan between March 2015 and June 2023. Follow-up was for 24 weeks after alemtuzumab administration. Endpoints were adverse drug reactions (ADRs), objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), and factors associated with safety and effectiveness.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Safety was evaluated in 179 patients with lymphoproliferative disorders (112 males and 67 females; median age 68 years) and effectiveness in 95 with relapsed/refractory CLL. Overall, 138 patients (77.1%) developed an ADR (most commonly cytomegalovirus [CMV]-related events [37.4%]), 100 (55.9%) developed serious ADRs (most commonly CMV-related events [31.3%]), and 93 (52.0%) developed grade ≥ 3 ADRs (most commonly decreased platelet count [13.4%]). Of 95 patients with relapsed/refractory CLL, 39 (41.1%) had an ORR (15 complete and 24 partial responses). At 24 weeks, PFS and OS rates were 55.5% and 70.0%, respectively. The ORR was significantly associated with Rai classification, performance status, and treatment days or duration.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This prospective postmarketing surveillance study confirms the effectiveness and manageable safety profile of alemtuzumab for Japanese patients with relapsed/refractory CLL.</p>","PeriodicalId":14656,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of clinical oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143742938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Benefit assessment of novel systemic therapies for bone and soft tissue sarcomas: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/jjco/hyaf051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jjco/hyaf051","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14656,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of clinical oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143700336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term prognostic significance of ascites cytology in ovarian cancer cases in which R0 resection was achieved in the initial surgery: a multi-institutional retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Shohei Iyoshi, Mayuko Sunohara, Masato Yoshihara, Atsushi Kunishima, Emiri Miyamoto, Hiroki Fujimoto, Kazuhisa Kitami, Kazumasa Mogi, Kaname Uno, Kosuke Yoshida, Satoshi Tamauchi, Akira Yokoi, Kaoru Niimi, Nobuhisa Yoshikawa, Ryo Emoto, Shigeyuki Matsui, Hiroaki Kajiyama","doi":"10.1093/jjco/hyaf046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jjco/hyaf046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In ovarian cancer (OvCa), achieving complete resection (RO) in initial surgery is crucial for improving prognosis. However, patients with undetected microscopic metastasis post-RO surgery often have poorer outcomes. This study explores prognostic factors for OvCa patients who underwent RO surgery, focusing on the role of ascites cytology as an indicator of microscopic peritoneal metastasis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from 975 OvCa cases in the Tokai Ovarian Tumor Study Group database (1986-2019). Excluding patients without chemotherapy or with distant metastasis, we examined prognostic factors using Cox regression analysis. Propensity score (PS) methods balanced the cytology-positive and -negative groups, with subgroup analysis for clinical stage and ascites volume.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multivariate analysis identified FIGO stage III and positive ascites cytology as poor prognostic factors for overall and progression-free survival. After PS adjustment, positive ascites cytology also shortened progression-free intervals post-recurrence, especially in cases with peritoneal or lymph node metastasis. Subgroup analysis revealed a more substantial prognostic impact of positive ascites cytology in early-stage cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present results suggest that in OvCa patients with the R0 status, the presence of tumor cells in ascites is an independent negative prognostic factor and may be an indicator of peritoneal micro-metastasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14656,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of clinical oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liquid biopsy in lung cancer.","authors":"Shingo Kitagawa, Masahiro Seike","doi":"10.1093/jjco/hyaf013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jjco/hyaf013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Precision medicine based on biomarkers, such as genetic abnormalities and PD-L1 expression, has been established for the treatment of nonsmall cell lung cancer. Recently, liquid biopsy has emerged as a valuable and minimally invasive alternative. This method analyzes blood and other bodily fluids to detect cancer-related genetic abnormalities and molecular residual disease (MRD). Liquid biopsy, which includes testing for circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), and microRNA (miRNA), offers several advantages over conventional methods. It is minimally invasive, can be performed repeatedly, and provides crucial information for early cancer diagnosis, genotyping, and treatment monitoring. Elevated ctDNA levels and miRNA markers show promise for early diagnosis. Liquid biopsy complements traditional tissue biopsy during genotyping, particularly when tumor samples are insufficient. Tests such as Cobas® EGFR Mutation Test v2 and Guardant360® CDx have been shown to be effective in detecting genetic mutations and guiding treatment decisions. Although the accuracy of liquid biopsy is still lower than that of tissue biopsy, its clinical utility continues to improve. For cancer prediction recurrence and treatment monitoring, ctDNA analysis can detect MRD earlier than conventional imaging, offering potential benefits for treatment adjustment and early relapse detection. The continuous development and validation of liquid biopsy methods are essential for improving personalized lung cancer treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14656,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of clinical oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143657077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local therapy for oligometastatic prostate cancer.","authors":"Taketo Kawai, Satoru Taguchi, Tohru Nakagawa, Haruki Kume","doi":"10.1093/jjco/hyaf048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jjco/hyaf048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traditionally, systemic therapy based on androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has been the primary approach for treating metastatic prostate cancer. Local therapies targeting metastatic lesions have rarely been employed for cancer control. However, the advent of next-generation imaging modalities, such as choline positron emission tomography (PET), whole-body magnetic resonance imaging, and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-PET, has enabled the detection of oligometastases that were previously undetectable using conventional imaging techniques, such as computed tomography and bone scintigraphy. This has led to increased attention to local therapy for oligometastatic prostate cancer with cancer control. Oligometastatic prostate cancer can be classified into three categories: de novo oligometastases (oligometastases identified at initial diagnosis), oligorecurrence (oligometastases arising after radical treatment of primary tumor), and oligoprogression (activation of oligometastases following ADT failure). Evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) supports the efficacy of local therapy in these contexts. The phase III STAMPEDE trial demonstrated that the addition of prostate radiotherapy to ADT improved the overall survival in patients with de novo low-volume metastatic prostate cancer. Furthermore, in the STOMP and ORIOLE trials, phase II RCTs have shown that metastasis-directed therapy significantly prolongs progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with oligorecurrent prostate cancer after radical treatment. For oligoprogressive castration-resistant prostate cancer, the phase II ARTO trial demonstrated that the addition of radiotherapy targeting oligometastases to first-line abiraterone acetate and prednisone treatments improved PFS. With the global adoption of PSMA-PET, local therapy for primary tumor and metastases in oligometastatic prostate cancer is expected to play an increasingly prominent role in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":14656,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of clinical oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing oncological outcomes and safety between photodynamic diagnosis-assisted and white-light transurethral resection in elderly patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.","authors":"Yuto Matsushita, Yoshihiro Tsuchiya, Gaku Ishikawa, Asuka Sano, Ayana Takemura, Shunsuke Watanabe, Kyohei Watanabe, Hiromitsu Watanabe, Keita Tamura, Daisuke Motoyama, Atsushi Otsuka, Teruo Inamoto","doi":"10.1093/jjco/hyaf047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jjco/hyaf047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to assess the prognostic outcomes and risk of adverse events in elderly non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients receiving photodynamic diagnosis-assisted transurethral resection of bladder cancer (PDD-TURBT).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study retrospectively included 326 patients who were over 70 years old and received either PDD-TURBT (n = 114, PDD group) or white-light TURBT (n = 212, WL group). Oncological outcomes, namely recurrence-free survival (RFS) and progression-free survival (PFS), and adverse event profiles were compared between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the PDD and WL groups, the median RFS periods were not reached and 41.7 months (P < 0.001), and the median PFS periods were not reached and 160.2 months (P = 0.057), respectively. The Grey test which take account to overall death as a competing risk event revealed recurrence tended to decrease in PDD group (P = 0.050). The independent prognostic factors were determined by multivariate Cox regression analyses: WL-TURBT in RFS. After propensity score matching, statistically favorable RFS in the PDD group were shown (P = 0.018). The incidence of AST/ALT elevation and intraoperative hypotension (defined as systolic blood pressure ≤ 80 mmHg) were significantly higher in the PDD group than in the WL group (P = 0.003 and 0.003, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Prolonged RFS are expected for PDD-TURBT using oral 5-aminolevulinic acid in elderly NMIBC patients. However, the risks of liver injury and intraoperative hypotension are higher for PDD-TURBT.</p>","PeriodicalId":14656,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of clinical oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143585687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of superficial head and neck cancer.","authors":"Koichi Kano, Chikatoshi Katada, Yasuaki Furue, Taku Yamashita","doi":"10.1093/jjco/hyaf045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jjco/hyaf045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Head and neck cancer (HNC) frequently presents in the advanced stage, which necessitates treatments such as chemoradiotherapy and pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy. These treatments can impair functions including swallowing, speech, and saliva production, and diminish the quality of life (QOL). Key risk factors for HNC include alcohol consumption, smoking, and genetic polymorphisms in aldehyde dehydrogenase 2, which increase the susceptibility to carcinogenesis through the 'field cancerization phenomenon.' Advances in gastrointestinal endoscopy, including narrow band imaging with magnifying endoscopy, facilitate the early detection of superficial HNC. By identifying abnormal vessel patterns and mucosal changes, these diagnostic techniques improve the detectability, differential diagnosis, and identification of the invasion depth of superficial cancers. The latter is essential because tumor thickness is an important predictor of lymph node metastasis and prognosis. Minimally invasive transoral surgeries, including endoscopic mucosal resection, endoscopic submucosal dissection, endoscopic laryngopharyngeal surgery, transoral videolaryngoscopic surgery, and transoral robotic surgery, emphasize organ preservation, and are efficacious and safe for treating superficial HNC. Early detection of metachronous cancers, which are prevalent in patients with HNC and esophageal cancer, is crucial for improving long-term outcomes. Abstinence from alcohol consumption and smoking may reduce the development of cancers in the head and neck or esophagus. Future research directions include integrating artificial intelligence to improve diagnostic accuracy, refining transoral surgical techniques, and developing systematic surveillance protocols for the early detection of metachronous cancer. Continued efforts to optimize minimally invasive treatments and prevention strategies will improve the prognosis and QOL of patients with HNC.</p>","PeriodicalId":14656,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of clinical oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143585666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}