Italian journal of anatomy and embryology最新文献

{"title":"Do universal critical spine dimensions exist","authors":"F. Farzana, B. Shah, S. Bhat, Shaheen Shahdad","doi":"10.13128/IJAE-25421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13128/IJAE-25421","url":null,"abstract":"The effective spinal canal diameter is the fundamental index which will determine whether a patient of any compressive cervical spine pathology will get neurological deficit or not. So we analysed this index in our subset of population. 180 subjects with normal or near normal cervical spine magnetic resonance imaging were included. Antero-posterior diameter and transverse diameter of spinal canal from C3 to C7 was measured. Similarly spinal cord antero-posterior and transverse diameters were measured. Space available for cord was calculated at each of these levels in both sexes as the difference between the antero-posterior diameter of the spinal canal and that of the spinal cord. The mean value with standard deviation of cervical spinal canal diameter antero-posterior diameter at C3, C4, C5, C6 and C7 was 13.69±1.248, 13.34±1.186, 13.15±1.233, 13.12±1.275 and 13.73±1.226 mm respectively. The spinal cord antero-posterior diameter at the same level was 7.61±0.728, 7.58±0.677, 7.40±0.653, 7.12±0.657 and 6.69±0.622 mm respectively. The mean cervical spinal canal diameter of the local population in our region is different from the rest of the country. This has two implications; first the ancestral lineage is matching with some remote races of the world for which a detailed study may be needed. Secondly the dimension at which we call critical stenosis may be different in the region as compared with the rest of the country.","PeriodicalId":14636,"journal":{"name":"Italian journal of anatomy and embryology","volume":"123 1","pages":"282-287"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66171748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment with relaxin reduces disease symptoms and enhances neuroprotection and remyelination in murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","authors":"R. Garvin","doi":"10.13128/IJAE-23012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13128/IJAE-23012","url":null,"abstract":"The use of glucocorticoid agonists in treating acute attacks of multiple sclerosis is well established. Relaxin, a member of the insulin super family is a pleiotropic hormone capable of influencing multiple pathways which include the glucocorticoid receptor and relaxin family peptide receptors 1 and 2. In addition to the action of relaxin on the glucocorticoid receptor, activation of the relaxin receptors have additional anti-inflammatory and immuno-modulating effects. In the present study we investigated the effectiveness of relaxin in treating a murine model of MS, experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Disease was induced and the mice were scored daily for clinical signs of disease (0=normal, 3=hind limb paralysis, 5=found dead). When a clinical score of 3 or higher was reached, relaxin was continuously infused for 8 days. Plasma for RT-PCR and spinal cords for histology were collected. The levels of CCR2, CCR5, CCR7, interleukins-6 and 17 were analyzed using quantitect primers and SYBR green based RT-PCR kits. Spinal cords were formalin fixed, paraffin embedded, sectioned and scored for myelin content, macrophage infiltration, neurofilaments, gliosis and markers of remyelination. The results of the study show that continuous infusion of relaxin significantly reduced the clinical signs of disease, decreased mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokine receptors. Histological staining and immune-histochemistry of the spinal cords showed that relaxin treatment lead to a decrease in lesion load and size and macrophage infiltration, preserved myelin and neurofilaments, reduced gliosis and promoted remyelination.","PeriodicalId":14636,"journal":{"name":"Italian journal of anatomy and embryology","volume":"123 1","pages":"64-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66171752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive study of superficial palmar arch – A revisit","authors":"P. Srimani, A. Saha","doi":"10.13128/IJAE-25426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13128/IJAE-25426","url":null,"abstract":"Hand vasculature can be affected by various traumatic and non-traumatic pathologies. A precise understanding of arterial anatomy is pertinent to preoperative diagnosis, operative procedure and post operative outcome as the vascular pattern of hand has a wide range of variations. Considering recent interest, the present study was undertaken i) to observe the morphology of superficial palmar arch and ii) to establish clinico-anatomical correlation of such variations. Sixty-four cadaveric hands were dissected. Superficial palmar arches were classified based on morphology of arches into three types and different subtypes. The variations of superficial palmar arch and their digital branches were noted. Complete arches were more prevalent in present study, observed among 76.56% hands and incomplete arches found in 21.88% hands. Another type was found as combined type, in 1.56% hands. Classical picture of superficial palmar arch was found in 29.69% in right side and 28.12% in left side. The rest of cases were variable. Digital supply varied according to different types and subtypes of superficial palmar arch. Hand ischemia after radial artery cannulation is a rare but potentially devastating complication. Awareness of variations regarding circulatory dynamics of hand is worth knowing in successful planning of surgery involving palm to achieve least complications.","PeriodicalId":14636,"journal":{"name":"Italian journal of anatomy and embryology","volume":"123 1","pages":"320-332"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66171339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cephalometric morphometric study of age- and gender-dependent shape patterns of the sella turcica","authors":"A. Mustafa, J. Ghaida, A. J. Mistareehi, Mohammed Z Allouh, S. M. Mistarihi","doi":"10.13128/IJAE-23008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13128/IJAE-23008","url":null,"abstract":"The sella turcica is an important anatomic and radiologic entity. The shape of the sella turcica varies among normal individuals and can be influenced by local factors. The normal shape of sella turcica has been categorized as circular, oval, and flat, and several variants have been described. The sella turcica increases in size with age, but there is no agreement upon significance of gender-related differences. The main objective of this study is to build up a normative database of the shape of the sella turcica in the Jordanian population with reference to age and gender. For this purpose 509 computed cephalograms: 252 males and 257 females, aged 10 to 40 years old healthy Jordanians were collected and divided into adolescent and adult age groups in both genders. Viewbox 3 software was used to determine width and height, and shape of the sella turcica was accordingly assessed. Variants of shape were also documented. Our results showed that females exhibit higher percentage of overall normal shape but lower relative percentages of oval and flat shapes, as compared with males. In contrast to males, females also show decreasing trend of normal shape as age advances. Females and males change obviously in favor of oval shape. In terms of variants, as individuals advance in age, bridging and irregular dorsum clearly predominate. In terms of width and height, significant differences were evident between adult male group on one hand and adolescent female group and adult female group on the other hand. Between age categories and within male and female groups, sella linear dimensions were significantly different between adolescent and adult age groups. The significant increase of linear parameters of sella turcica across age groups indicates that there is significant degree of growth in sella turcica across the studied age groups. However, this growth does not affect the shape of sella turcica as the shape seems to be preserved across the studied age groups. The obtained data are discussed in terms of age- and gender-related growth and degenerative bone changes.","PeriodicalId":14636,"journal":{"name":"Italian journal of anatomy and embryology","volume":"123 1","pages":"32-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.13128/IJAE-23008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66171620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study on coronary dominance and luminal diameters of major coronary arteries in cadaveric human hearts of the Maharashtra population","authors":"Nihal S. Kiran, M. Doshi, Shashikiran N Devendrappa, S. Saxena, Merina Sam","doi":"10.13128/IJAE-24167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13128/IJAE-24167","url":null,"abstract":"The study was undertaken to assess the coronary dominance and variations in luminal diameters of major coronary arteries and to compare the relation between the coronary dominance and variation in luminal diameter and between coronary dominance and number of vessels measuring less than 2.5 mm in diameter, in 75 cadaveric human hearts obtained from the Department of Anatomy from the various medical colleges of western Maharashtra, India. Out of 75 hearts, 58 (77.33%) showed right dominance, 14 (18.67%) showed left dominance and 3 (4%) showed codominant pattern. No significant difference was noted in the luminal diameters of coronary arteries (right coronary artery, marginal artery, posterior interventricular artery, left coronary artery, anterior interventricular branch, circumflex branch) among the dominance type. It was also observed that 63 hearts (84%) showed more than 2 arteries measuring less than 2.5mm in diameter. To conclude, a majority of the population has a right predominance and hence the chances of suffering from coronary artery disease are relatively less, but howe ver 84% of the sample under study had more than two coronary arteries measuring less than 2.5 mm in diameter out of the 6 arteries studied, thus increasing susceptibility of thrombosis in these arteries and therefore increasing the chances of myocardial infarction.","PeriodicalId":14636,"journal":{"name":"Italian journal of anatomy and embryology","volume":"123 1","pages":"173-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66171597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Karl Stellwag von Carion (1823-1904) and his studies on clinical and pathological anatomy of ocular cancer","authors":"K. Laios, E. Lagiou, M. Piagkou, G. Kitsos, M. Moschos","doi":"10.13128/IJAE-24168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13128/IJAE-24168","url":null,"abstract":"Karl Stellwag von Carion (1823-1904) was a very important figure of European ophthalmology during the 19th century. Besides his other contributions in ophthalmology such as ‘Stellwag sign’, coining the term ‘ectopia lentis’ for lens dislocation and fundamental studies on glaucoma, refraction, accommodation and light polarization, his studies on ocular cancer were very significant but not highlighted by modern research.","PeriodicalId":14636,"journal":{"name":"Italian journal of anatomy and embryology","volume":"123 1","pages":"179-186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.13128/IJAE-24168","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66171610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological characterization of the coronary sinus and its tributaries in short hair sheep. Comparative analysis with the veins in humans and pigs","authors":"F. A. Gómez, L. Ballesteros, H. Y. Estupiñán","doi":"10.13128/IJAE-24156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13128/IJAE-24156","url":null,"abstract":"To characterize morphologically the coronary sinus and its tributaries in short hair sheep, this descriptive cross-sectional study evaluated the coronary sinus and its tributaries in 62 hearts of short hair sheep. A semi-synthetic resin (Palatal GP40L 85%; styrene 15%) impregnated with mineral color blue was perfused through the coronary sinus. We evaluated the morphological characteristics and with a digital calibrator the biometrics of the coronary sinus and its tributaries. The length of the coronary sinus (± standard deviation) was 24.85 ± 4.94 mm. Proximal and distal calibers were 7.55 ± 1.54 mm, respectively. It was cylindrical in shape in 44 specimens (71%). The great cardiac vein originated at the apex in 44 hearts (71%), with the caliber of this vessel at the level of the paraconal interventricular sulcus being 2.55 ± 0.62 mm. The arteriovenous trigone was present in 50 specimens (80.6%) and presented a closed configuration at its lower and upper segments in 39 specimens (78%). The left marginal vein was present in 56 hearts (90.3%) and originated at the cardiac apex in 33 specimens (53.2%). The proximal and distal calibers of the middle cardiac vein were 1.74 ± 0.52 mm and 2.17 mm ± 0.71 mm respectively, and originated at the apex in 91.9% of the specimens. Due to the similitude of the features of the coronary sinus in short hair sheep with those of the human being, it is possible to propose this animal model for procedural and hemodynamic applied activities.","PeriodicalId":14636,"journal":{"name":"Italian journal of anatomy and embryology","volume":"123 1","pages":"81-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.13128/IJAE-24156","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66171763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A dissection based study of the dimensions of the thyroid cartilage in Anatolian population","authors":"Nujen Arya Sesen, Alpen Ortug, G. Ortug","doi":"10.13128/IJAE-25423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13128/IJAE-25423","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate knowledge of the dimension, shape, and morphology of larynx and its complex anatomy is a prerequisite for performing surgery of the larynx. Population differences are important not only for planning surgical interventions but also for performing an operation. Previous morphometrical studies on the larynx had shown variable results obtained from different populations, including Western and Eastern ones, yet information about larynx morphometry in Anatolian population is limited. The purpose of this study is to make more statistical data available for Anatolian population and help clinicians for surgical approaches related to this area. Ten parameters from anterior and lateral views were measured on 50 thyroid cartilages taken from autopsy specimens (28 male, 22 female). Specimens were removed and dissected under stereomicroscope after routine fixation procedure. Those with visible deformations were eliminated during dissections. Statistical evaluations and comparisons were done for a comprehensive description. Significant sexual differences were observed. Mean values for all parameters were higher in males than in females. These results were compared with already existing anatomical data of other populations. This study on larynx specimens from different regions of Anatolia provides a general knowledge of thyroid cartilage dimensions. The obtained results can have great clinical influence on surgical approaches to the related area and give information for anthropomorphic studies.","PeriodicalId":14636,"journal":{"name":"Italian journal of anatomy and embryology","volume":"48 1","pages":"297-303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66171793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Louis Hubert Farabeuf (1841-1910). A pioneer of topographical, clinical and surgical anatomy","authors":"K. Laios, G. Androutsos, M. Zozolou, G. Generalis, M. Piagkou, M. Moschos","doi":"10.13128/IJAE-23009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13128/IJAE-23009","url":null,"abstract":"Louis Hubert Farabeuf (1841-1910) was a reformer of the study of topographical, clinical and surgical anatomy during the 19th century. He was a reputable professor of anatomy and many anatomical terms, clinical signs and surgical instruments bear his name.","PeriodicalId":14636,"journal":{"name":"Italian journal of anatomy and embryology","volume":"62 1","pages":"46-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.13128/IJAE-23009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66171641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of empathy among first-year medical students: A knowledge, attitude and practice study","authors":"S. Ghosh, Soumya Chakraborty","doi":"10.13128/IJAE-22983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13128/IJAE-22983","url":null,"abstract":"Good clinicians are expected to demonstrate empathetic behaviour whereby it is necessary for medical students to develop an empathetic attitude during the curriculum. The anatomy classroom is possibly the ideal place to cultivate the sense of empathy among medical students as they deal with the feelings associated with dissecting a human cadaver. Hence we conducted this knowledge, attitude and practice study to assess the empathetic attitude among first-year medical students. A self designed, pretested questionnaire was framed to explore the sense of empathy and the questionnaire was administered among 100 first year MBBS students before the summative assessment and their responses were collected and analyzed. We observed that 55% and 16.3% of the respondents were inclined for adopting a mechanized approach to patient care as they were in favour of investigation oriented diagnosis and medicine based treatment respectively as primary component of medical practice. Only 16.3% and 12.2% of the respondents prioritized patient oriented approaches in the form of understanding the disease process and emphasizing on communication with patients respectively. During clinical training 70.4% and 15.3% of respondents would concentrate on self development as they look forward to honing their clinical skills and acquiring high level of knowledge respectively. Only 8.2% and 6.1% of the respondents opted for developing patient oriented skills like developing an empathetic attitude and enhancing communication skills respectively. However 60.2% agreed that empathy of a physician does influence the clinical outcome and 74.5% opined that they have developed/enhanced a feeling of empathy by learning anatomy through human cadaver based teaching. Empathy among first-year medical students was on the lower side, however they have developed a baseline empathy level after one year of attending dissection classes in anatomy. Effectively designed education strategies can further enhance the feeling of empathy during clinical training.","PeriodicalId":14636,"journal":{"name":"Italian journal of anatomy and embryology","volume":"123 1","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.13128/IJAE-22983","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66171035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}