JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery最新文献

{"title":"Oropharyngeal Cancer Staging Health Record Extraction Using Artificial Intelligence.","authors":"Elif Baran, Melissa Lee, Steven Aviv, Jessica Weiss, Chris Pettengell, Irene Karam, Andrew Bayley, Ian Poon, Kelvin K W Chan, Ambica Parmar, Martin Smoragiewicz, Hagen Klieb, Tra Truong, Pejman Maralani, Danny J Enepekides, Kevin M Higgins, Antoine Eskander","doi":"10.1001/jamaoto.2024.1201","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamaoto.2024.1201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Accurate, timely, and cost-effective methods for staging oropharyngeal cancers are crucial for patient prognosis and treatment decisions, but staging documentation is often inaccurate or incomplete. With the emergence of artificial intelligence in medicine, data abstraction may be associated with reduced costs but increased efficiency and accuracy of cancer staging.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate an algorithm using an artificial intelligence engine capable of extracting essential information from medical records of patients with oropharyngeal cancer and assigning tumor, nodal, and metastatic stages according to American Joint Committee on Cancer eighth edition guidelines.</p><p><strong>Design, setting, and participants: </strong>This retrospective diagnostic study was conducted among a convenience sample of 806 patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Medical records of patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas who presented to a single tertiary care center between January 1, 2010, and August 1, 2020, were reviewed. A ground truth cancer stage dataset and comprehensive staging rule book consisting of 135 rules encompassing p16 status, tumor, and nodal and metastatic stage were developed. Subsequently, 4 distinct models were trained: model T (entity relationship extraction) for anatomical location and invasion state, model S (numerical extraction) for lesion size, model M (sequential classification) for metastasis detection, and a p16 model for p16 status. For validation, results were compared against ground truth established by expert reviewers, and accuracy was reported. Data were analyzed from March to November 2023.</p><p><strong>Main outcomes and measures: </strong>The accuracy of algorithm cancer stages was compared with ground truth.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 806 patients with oropharyngeal cancer (mean [SD] age, 63.6 [10.6] years; 651 males [80.8%]), 421 patients (52.2%) were positive for human papillomavirus. The artificial intelligence engine achieved accuracies of 55.9% (95% CI, 52.5%-59.3%) for tumor, 56.0% (95% CI, 52.5%-59.4%) for nodal, and 87.6% (95% CI, 85.1%-89.7%) for metastatic stages and 92.1% (95% CI, 88.5%-94.6%) for p16 status. Differentiation between localized (stages 1-2) and advanced (stages 3-4) cancers achieved 80.7% (95% CI, 77.8%-83.2%) accuracy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion and relevance: </strong>This study found that tumor and nodal staging accuracies were fair to good and excellent for metastatic stage and p16 status, with clinical relevance in assigning optimal treatment and reducing toxic effect exposures. Further model refinement and external validation with electronic health records at different institutions are necessary to improve algorithm accuracy and clinical applicability.</p>","PeriodicalId":14632,"journal":{"name":"JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery","volume":" ","pages":"1051-1057"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11099836/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140957084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cannabis and Head and Neck Cancer-Déjà Vu All Over Again?","authors":"Joseph Califano, Prakriti Sen, Chao Liu","doi":"10.1001/jamaoto.2024.2420","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamaoto.2024.2420","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14632,"journal":{"name":"JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery","volume":" ","pages":"1076-1077"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141901769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cannabis Use and Head and Neck Cancer.","authors":"Tyler J Gallagher, Ryan S Chung, Matthew E Lin, Ian Kim, Niels C Kokot","doi":"10.1001/jamaoto.2024.2419","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamaoto.2024.2419","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit substance worldwide. Whether cannabis use is associated with head and neck cancer (HNC) is unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the clinical association between cannabis use and HNC.</p><p><strong>Design, setting, and participants: </strong>This large multicenter cohort study used clinical records from a database that included 20 years of data (through April 2024) from 64 health care organizations. A database was searched for medical records for US adults with and without cannabis-related disorder who had recorded outpatient hospital clinic visits and no prior history of HNC. Propensity score matching was performed for demographic characteristics, alcohol-related disorders, and tobacco use. Subsequently, relative risks (RRs) were calculated to explore risk of HNC, including HNC subsites. This analysis was repeated among those younger than 60 years and 60 years or older.</p><p><strong>Exposure: </strong>Cannabis-related disorder.</p><p><strong>Main outcomes and measures: </strong>Diagnosis of HNC and any HNC subsite.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cannabis-related disorder cohort included 116 076 individuals (51 646 women [44.5%]) with a mean (SD) age of 46.4 (16.8) years. The non-cannabis-related disorder cohort included 3 985 286 individuals (2 173 684 women [54.5%]) with a mean (SD) age of 60.8 (20.6) years. The rate of new HNC diagnosis in all sites was higher in the cannabis-related disorder cohort. After matching (n = 115 865 per group), patients with cannabis-related disorder had a higher risk of any HNC (RR, 3.49; 95% CI, 2.78-4.39) than those without HNC. A site-specific analysis yielded that those with cannabis-related disorder had a higher risk of oral (RR, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.81-3.47), oropharyngeal (RR, 4.90; 95% CI, 2.99-8.02), and laryngeal (RR, 8.39; 95% CI, 4.72-14.90) cancer. Results were consistent when stratifying by older and younger age group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>This cohort study highlights an association between cannabis-related disorder and the development of HNC in adult patients. Given the limitations of the database, future research should examine the mechanism of this association and analyze dose response with strong controls to further support evidence of cannabis use as a risk factor for HNCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":14632,"journal":{"name":"JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery","volume":" ","pages":"1068-1075"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11310842/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141901770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-Office vs Operating Room Time to Treatment of Oropharyngeal Biopsies.","authors":"Stephen F Politano, Emily Georgiadi, Alec Bonifer, Richard G Muller, David Ludlow","doi":"10.1001/jamaoto.2024.2553","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamaoto.2024.2553","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14632,"journal":{"name":"JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery","volume":" ","pages":"1121-1122"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11342216/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142017447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Active Surveillance and Conversion Surgery for Low-Risk Thyroid Cancer-The Disconnect Between Literature and Practice.","authors":"Allen S Ho, Louise Davies, Michael W Yeh","doi":"10.1001/jamaoto.2024.1702","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamaoto.2024.1702","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14632,"journal":{"name":"JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery","volume":" ","pages":"1066-1067"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140944798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comorbid Depression in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer Compared With Other Cancers.","authors":"Marina C Martinez, Andrey Finegersh, Fred M Baik, F Chris Holsinger, Heather M Starmer, Lisa A Orloff, John B Sunwoo, Davud Sirjani, Vasu Divi, Michelle M Chen","doi":"10.1001/jamaoto.2024.3233","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamaoto.2024.3233","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Depression is more prevalent among individuals with cancer than in the general population and is correlated with increased mortality in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) in particular.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the prevalence of depression between patients with HNC and patients with other cancers.</p><p><strong>Design, setting, and participants: </strong>This retrospective cohort study used population-level data on patients aged 18 years or older with cancer who participated in the 2019 National Health Interview Survey and had completed the Personal Health Questionnaire-8 (PHQ-8). The analysis was performed between August 7, 2023, and April 5, 2024.</p><p><strong>Exposure: </strong>Any cancer diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Main outcomes and measures: </strong>The main outcome was prevalence and severity of depression based on the PHQ-8. The magnitude of the difference in baseline characteristics was measured between patients with HNC and those with other cancer types, and 95% CIs were used to measure the precision of these estimates. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to evaluate the association of demographic, socioeconomic, anxiety, and clinical variables with depression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From a weighted cohort of 23 496 725 adult patients with cancer, 377 080 were diagnosed with HNC (87.5% aged 51-84 years; 77.9% male). The prevalence of any depression on the PHQ-8 (mild, moderate, or severe) was 40.1% in patients with HNC vs 22.3% in patients with other cancers. Compared with patients with other cancers, patients with HNC were equally likely to screen positive for anxiety (23.6% vs 16.0%; difference, 7.6%; 95% CI, -5.9% to 21.1%), take medication for depression (10.1% vs 13.9%; difference, -3.8%; 95% CI, -11.9% to 4.4%), and state that they never feel depressed (59.7% vs 53.7%; difference, 6.0%; 95% CI, -9.1% to 21.0%). On multivariable logistic regression analysis, having HNC was associated with an increased likelihood of depression (odds ratio [OR], 2.94; 95% CI, 1.39-6.22). Other factors associated with depression were being unmarried or not living with a partner (OR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.55-2.43) and having anxiety (OR, 23.14; 95% CI, 17.62-30.37).</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>This cohort study found that patients with HNC were twice as likely to screen positive for depression on a validated survey than those with other cancers, despite having similar rates of self-reported depression and depression medication use. These findings suggest that self-reporting of depression may result in underreporting and undertreatment in this population and, thus, a need for further work in developing interventions to improve identification of and optimize treatment for patients with HNC and comorbid depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":14632,"journal":{"name":"JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery","volume":" ","pages":"1097-1104"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11581613/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142500628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes of Conversion Surgery for Patients With Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.","authors":"Helena Levyn, Daniel W Scholfield, Alana Eagan, Lillian A Boe, Ashok R Shaha, Richard J Wong, Jatin P Shah, Ian Ganly, Luc G T Morris, R Michael Tuttle","doi":"10.1001/jamaoto.2024.1699","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamaoto.2024.1699","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>The outcomes of patients with low-risk thyroid cancer who undergo surgery following a period of active surveillance (AS) are not well-defined.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate surgical, pathologic, and oncologic outcomes among patients undergoing conversion surgery (CS) following AS for low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma.</p><p><strong>Design, setting, and participants: </strong>In this cohort study, patients who underwent CS for disease progression were compared with patients who underwent CS without disease progression and with a propensity score-matched cohort of patients who underwent initial surgery (IS). The median (IQR) postsurgical follow-up time was 40.3 (18.0-59.0) months. Patients were treated at a quaternary cancer referral center in the United States.</p><p><strong>Exposures: </strong>Surgery.</p><p><strong>Main outcomes and measures: </strong>Surgical complications, pathologic characteristics, overall survival (OS), and recurrence-free survival (RFS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 550 patients who underwent AS, 55 (10.0%) had CS, of whom 39 (7.1%) had surgery due to suspected disease progression (median [IQR] age, 48 [39-56] years; 32 [82.1%] female). There were no clinically meaningful differences in rates of surgical sequalae between the progression CS group (12 of 39 [30.7%]) and the nonprogression CS group (7 of 16 [43.8%]) (Cramer V, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.01-0.5). The 5-year OS was 100% (95% CI, 100%-100%) in both the disease-progression CS cohort and the IS cohort. Although the cohort of patients undergoing CS after disease progression was by definition a subset with more aggressive tumor behavior, no clinically meaningful differences were observed in the rates of regional recurrence (2 of 39 [5.1%] vs 0 of 39 patients with IS), local recurrence (0 patients), distant metastasis (0 patients), or disease-specific mortality (0 patients) when compared with the matched IS group. Five-year RFS rates were similar: 100% in the IS group and 86% (95% CI, 70%-100%) in the CS group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>In this cohort study, CS for suspected disease progression was associated with surgical and oncologic outcomes similar to IS, supporting the feasibility and safety of AS for patients with low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":14632,"journal":{"name":"JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery","volume":" ","pages":"1058-1065"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11097095/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140944915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal Ablation for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.","authors":"Lin Yan, Yingying Li, XinYang Li, Jing Xiao, Haoyu Jing, Zhen Yang, Miao Li, Qing Song, Shurong Wang, Ying Che, Yukun Luo","doi":"10.1001/jamaoto.2024.3229","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamaoto.2024.3229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Image-guided thermal ablation has been administered for patients with T1N0M0 papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) who elect to not undergo surgery or receive active surveillance. Considering the indolent nature of PTC, long-term outcomes of ablation are needed.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate l0-year outcomes of thermal ablation in treating T1N0M0 PTC.</p><p><strong>Design, setting, and participants: </strong>This multicenter study was conducted at 4 university-affiliated hospitals in China and included 179 consecutive patients with T1N0M0 PTC (median [IQR] volume, 88.0 [163.2] mm3) who underwent thermal ablation between June 2010 and March 2014. Patients who were ineligible to undergo surgery or elected not to were included, and patients had PTC tumors that were smaller than 20 mm as confirmed by biopsy; no clinical or imaging evidence of extrathyroidal extension, lymph node metastasis (LNM), or distant metastasis; and no history of neck irradiation.</p><p><strong>Main outcomes and measures: </strong>The primary outcomes were disease progression (LNM, newly developed tumors, persistent tumors, and distant metastasis) and disease-free survival (DFS). Secondary outcomes were technical success, volume reduction rate, tumor disappearance, complications, and delayed surgery. DFS was calculated using a Kaplan-Meier analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 179 patients, the mean (SD) age was 45.8 (12.7) years, and 118 (65.9%) were female. During a mean (SD) follow-up period of 120.8 (10.8) months, disease progression was found in 11 of 179 patients (6.1%), including LNM in 4 patients (2.2%), newly developed tumors in 6 patients (3.3%), and persistent tumor in 1 patient (0.6%). The 10-year DFS was 93.9%. The technical success, median volume reduction rate, and tumor disappearance rate was 100%, 100%, and 97.2%, respectively. The magnitude of the disease progression (6.1% vs 7.1%; difference, 1.0%; 95% CI, -6.5% to 25.6%) and DFS (93.9% vs 92.9%; difference, 1.0%, 95% CI, -6.5% to 25.6%) between patients with T1a and T1b tumors was small. The difference in the rate of tumor disappearance between T1a and T1b tumors was large (99.4% vs 71.4%; difference, 28.0%; 95% CI, 10.9%-54.0%). One patient experienced transient voice hoarseness (0.6%). Because of anxiety, 1 patient underwent delayed surgery (0.6%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>The results of this 10-year multicenter cohort study suggest that thermal ablation is an effective and safe alternative for patients with T1N0M0 PTC who do not undergo surgery or receive active surveillance. For safe and effective treatment, accurate radiologic evaluation, an understanding of ablation techniques, and experienced physicians are recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":14632,"journal":{"name":"JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11544554/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142604466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Eustachian Tube Dysfunction.","authors":"Keelin Fallon, Aaron Remenschneider","doi":"10.1001/jamaoto.2024.3474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoto.2024.3474","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14632,"journal":{"name":"JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142604468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polygenic Risk Scores and Hearing Loss Phenotypes in Children.","authors":"Jing Wang, Fan He, Daisy A Shepherd, Shuai Li, Katherine Lange, Valerie Sung, Angela Morgan, Jessica A Kerr, Richard Saffery, Melissa Wake","doi":"10.1001/jamaoto.2024.3659","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamaoto.2024.3659","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Monogenic causes of childhood hearing loss are well established, as are polygenic risk contributions to age-related hearing loss. However, an untested possibility is that polygenic risk scores (PRS) also contribute to childhood hearing loss of all severities, alongside environmental and/or monogenic causes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the association between a PRS for adult hearing loss and childhood hearing loss phenotypes.</p><p><strong>Design, setting, and participants: </strong>This cross-sectional study used a unique population-based dataset spanning normal hearing to profound loss, combining 2 contemporaneous population cohorts in Australia. This included the Child Health CheckPoint, a national population-based cross-sectional study nested within the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children, and the Victorian Childhood Hearing Longitudinal Databank (VicCHILD), a statewide population-based longitudinal data bank open to every child with congenital hearing loss in Victoria, Australia. The analysis took place from March to August 2023.</p><p><strong>Exposures: </strong>Genotype data were generated from saliva- or blood-derived DNA using global single-nucleotide variations arrays. Based on genotype data, PRS was computed using published UK Biobank genome-wide association study results for self-reported hearing difficulty in individuals aged 40 to 69 years.</p><p><strong>Main outcomes and measures: </strong>Hearing outcomes were classified by laterality (bilateral, unilateral), severity (mild, moderate, severe or worse) and types (sensorineural, conductive, mixed, auditory neuropathy, atresia). Analyses included multinominal logistic regressions of PRS with hearing outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 1488 CheckPoint study children (49.8% boys, aged 11-12 years) and 527 VicCHILD study children (55.2% boys, aged 0-13 years) with hearing and genotype data were included. A 1-SD increment in PRS was associated with higher odds of mild (odds ratio [OR], 1.3; 95% CI, 1.0-1.6), moderate (OR, 5.1; 95% CI, 3.2-8.1), and severe or worse (OR, 5.3; 95% CI, 3.9-7.3) unilateral hearing loss compared with normal hearing. Similarly, the PRS was associated with increased odds of mild, moderate, and severe or worse bilateral hearing loss (per-SD ORs, 3.9-6.6) and all hearing loss types (per-SD ORs, 8.5-10.6).</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, a PRS initially developed for adult hearing difficulty was associated with wide-ranging childhood hearing loss phenotypes, partly explaining hearing phenotype variations despite shared genetic and environmental factors (eg, preterm birth). Large-scale studies with objectively defined hearing phenotypes are crucial for refining PRS and predicting high-risk children.</p>","PeriodicalId":14632,"journal":{"name":"JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11544553/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142604463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}