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Competitiveness in Australian Agriculture: A Review 澳大利亚农业竞争力研究综述
Review of marketing and agricultural economics Pub Date : 1996-12-01 DOI: 10.22004/AG.ECON.12359
S. Hopkins, P. Lewis
{"title":"Competitiveness in Australian Agriculture: A Review","authors":"S. Hopkins, P. Lewis","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.12359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.12359","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of competitiveness develops and amplifies the older concept of comparative advantage. It is based on factors which influence domestic prices of inputs and outputs as compared with foreign competitor's prices of the same inputs and outputs. Usually national statistics of the ratio of domestic and foreign prices (adjusted by the exchange rate) are compared in the form of the real rate of exchange. The factors concerned are changes in internal and external inflation rates, changes in exchange rates, changes in productivity, changes in microeconomic efficiency, and changes in protection. In recent years the real rate of exchange for Australian agriculture has varied considerably as internal prices and costs have fluctuated about international trends. Since 1990, there has been a period of slow improvement in the real rate of exchange as the relative Australian rate of inflation has slowed down. The factors affecting competitiveness are discussed in this article.","PeriodicalId":146173,"journal":{"name":"Review of marketing and agricultural economics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133530046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Economic Prospects for Freshwater Crayfish (Yabby) in Western Australia 西澳大利亚淡水小龙虾的经济前景
Review of marketing and agricultural economics Pub Date : 1996-12-01 DOI: 10.22004/AG.ECON.12365
M. Tull
{"title":"Economic Prospects for Freshwater Crayfish (Yabby) in Western Australia","authors":"M. Tull","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.12365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.12365","url":null,"abstract":"Since the 1980s Western Australia has developed a significant commercial aquaculture industry, catering both to domestic and overseas markets. However, the limited scale of output, especially in the yabby industry, has been a major constraint on further expansion of sales. Currently, the industry is based on the cultivation of freshwater crayfish (yabby) in existing farm dams. There are about 100,000 farm dams in Western Australia but only about 6,000 are currently used for commercial yabby production. Thus one way to boost output is simply to persuade more farmers to utilise them for commercial yabby production. However, farm dams produce low yields and it is also necessary to investigate the potential for more intensive farming with purpose built dams. This paper examines the economic feasibility of yabby aquaculture using the internal rate of return. The main findings are that intensive farming is non-viable but semi-intensive farming and farming of existing dams is viable, although the former is only marginally so.","PeriodicalId":146173,"journal":{"name":"Review of marketing and agricultural economics","volume":"11 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114009444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Emerging Issues in Risk Management in Farm Firms 农业企业风险管理中的新问题
Review of marketing and agricultural economics Pub Date : 1996-12-01 DOI: 10.22004/AG.ECON.12371
D. Beal
{"title":"Emerging Issues in Risk Management in Farm Firms","authors":"D. Beal","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.12371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.12371","url":null,"abstract":"Farming is a high risk business because of the inherent variability of the natural environment in which it is placed and the markets in which its products are sold. Farmers have learned to cope with variability and have adopted management strategies which decrease risk to the farm firm. This paper examines the literature on emerging issues in risk management in agriculture and how farmers might react in the future. Attention is focused on managing changes in risk exposure due to climatic variability and market variability, and on management measures that protect the structure of the farm business.","PeriodicalId":146173,"journal":{"name":"Review of marketing and agricultural economics","volume":"183 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116196834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 29
Developments in the Japanese beef market following import liberalisation 进口自由化后日本牛肉市场的发展
Review of marketing and agricultural economics Pub Date : 1996-04-01 DOI: 10.22004/AG.ECON.12302
D. Chadee, H. Mori
{"title":"Developments in the Japanese beef market following import liberalisation","authors":"D. Chadee, H. Mori","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.12302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.12302","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last several years there has been increasing pressure on most western industrialised countries to liberalise trade for food and agricultural products and yet the full implications of freer trade are not always well understood. This paper attempts to fill this gap by reviewing the developments in the Japanese beef market following import liberalisation. We conclude that the Japanese beef market has experienced major structural changes over a relatively short period as a result of liberalising beef imports. The most apparent impact has been on Japanese consumers who have benefited from lower retail beef prices and a greater variety of beef cuts to choose from. The types and quality of beef imported have also changed and consequently major suppliers have adapted their production systems and their products to the changing taste and preferences of Japanese consumers. Beef exporters to Japan, on the other hand, have experienced declining wholesale prices but have, nevertheless, benefited from the growing size of the market. Developments in the wider economy, such as changes in the retail distribution systems and the exchange rate have also influenced the beef sector.","PeriodicalId":146173,"journal":{"name":"Review of marketing and agricultural economics","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133899653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Risk Management Strategies in New Zealand Agriculture and Horticulture 新西兰农业和园艺的风险管理策略
Review of marketing and agricultural economics Pub Date : 1996-04-01 DOI: 10.22004/AG.ECON.12298
Sandra K. Martin
{"title":"Risk Management Strategies in New Zealand Agriculture and Horticulture","authors":"Sandra K. Martin","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.12298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.12298","url":null,"abstract":"This study strengthens the empirical basis for risk analysis by identifying the importance which producers attach to different risk management strategies in New Zealand's deregulated farming environment. A nationwide survey covering eight farm types was conducted. As range of production, marketing and financial strategies used by farmers and growers were identified. Some strategies appear to be favoured by farmers and growers in all industries, others seem to be industry specific, and some are universally unpopular. The mix of strategies employed seems to vary by farm type. Possible reasons for variation are identified.","PeriodicalId":146173,"journal":{"name":"Review of marketing and agricultural economics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129598577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 82
Australian Beef Exports: Dead or Alive? 澳大利亚牛肉出口:死还是活?
Review of marketing and agricultural economics Pub Date : 1995-08-01 DOI: 10.22004/AG.ECON.12326
A. Rutherford
{"title":"Australian Beef Exports: Dead or Alive?","authors":"A. Rutherford","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.12326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.12326","url":null,"abstract":"Northern Australia's live cattle exports to Southeast Asia have increased dramatically in recent years. In Australia's current political environment calling for greater domestic value-adding, the issue of potential trade-offs between Australia's live cattle and slaughtered beef exports are examined. From an investigation into the origins of Australia's live cattle export industry and the production and marketing of beef in Australia's major live cattle importing countries, it is concluded that the two industries supply separate segments of the market. Trade-offs between imported Australian beef and beef derived from imported Australian cattle are not significant issues at present.","PeriodicalId":146173,"journal":{"name":"Review of marketing and agricultural economics","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125034419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Transition to a New World Economic Order Part I: The Framework 向新的世界经济秩序过渡第一部分:框架
Review of marketing and agricultural economics Pub Date : 1995-08-01 DOI: 10.22004/AG.ECON.12336
P. Calkins
{"title":"Transition to a New World Economic Order Part I: The Framework","authors":"P. Calkins","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.12336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.12336","url":null,"abstract":"The idea of a new world order suggests political and economic changes that would improve the lot of all the people in the world. Such a new world order would address all causes of poverty and inequality both within nations and between nations. Desirable changes would modify present competitive patterns of organisation and substitute more cooperative systems and processes. Writers in this area focus particularly on how to change the current state of the world in order to achieve a transition to a more desirable new world order. From an economic point of view, this transition could be interpreted as an attempt to frame new political, economic and social institutions and rules of conduct that would enable the equity goals of the proposers to be achieved.","PeriodicalId":146173,"journal":{"name":"Review of marketing and agricultural economics","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128547970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
A Review of the Socio-Economic Analysis of Soil Degradation Problems for Developed and Developing Countries 发达国家和发展中国家土壤退化问题的社会经济分析综述
Review of marketing and agricultural economics Pub Date : 1994-12-01 DOI: 10.22004/AG.ECON.12318
Dodo J. Thampapillai, Jock R. Anderson
{"title":"A Review of the Socio-Economic Analysis of Soil Degradation Problems for Developed and Developing Countries","authors":"Dodo J. Thampapillai, Jock R. Anderson","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.12318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.12318","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the main socio-economic concepts and their applications in the study of soil degradation are reviewed under three broad headings: soil conservation as an input in agricultural production; topsoil as a natural resource somewhere between being renewable and nonrenewable; and the effects of dealing with common property resources. The treatment of soil conservation as an input has involved the demonstration of damage functions and a study of factors influencing the adoption of soil conservation. The study of renewability, or the lack of it, has involved the application of the concept of user costs, whilst the consideration of common property resources has concentrated on the need to minimise the divergences between social and private values. The literature is dominated by work on developed countries and also reveals the research on decision frameworks to be compartmentalised in terms of the three concepts.","PeriodicalId":146173,"journal":{"name":"Review of marketing and agricultural economics","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114362394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 41
A Survey of Noncooperative Game Theory with Reference to Agricultural Markets: Part 2. Potential Applications in Agriculture 基于农业市场的非合作博弈论综述:第二部分。在农业领域的潜在应用
Review of marketing and agricultural economics Pub Date : 1994-08-01 DOI: 10.22004/AG.ECON.12484
R. Sexton
{"title":"A Survey of Noncooperative Game Theory with Reference to Agricultural Markets: Part 2. Potential Applications in Agriculture","authors":"R. Sexton","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.12484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.12484","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is the second of a two-part survey on noncooperative game theory relevant to agricultural markets. Part 1 of the survey focused on important game theory concepts, while this paper illustrates applications of the theory to agricultural markets. Game theory is relevant when markets are imperfectly competitive, and this paper argues that this condition is commonly met in agriculture. Specific topics of application include principal-agent models, auctions, and bargaining.","PeriodicalId":146173,"journal":{"name":"Review of marketing and agricultural economics","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122788225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
Generic Advertising Wearout 通用广告失效
Review of marketing and agricultural economics Pub Date : 1993-12-01 DOI: 10.22004/AG.ECON.9620
H. Kinnucan, H. Chang, M. Venkateswaran
{"title":"Generic Advertising Wearout","authors":"H. Kinnucan, H. Chang, M. Venkateswaran","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.9620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.9620","url":null,"abstract":"Advertising wearout, defined as the declining effectiveness of a commercial or campaign associated with increased exposure, is examined from a generic advertising perspective. Generic advertising campaigns of the type typically undertaken by agricultural commodity groups differ from branded advertising in that the former seek to increase aggregate demand for a product category (e.g., beef, milk, wool) rather than the market share of a particular brand within a category. A major hypothesis addressed in this research is whether generic campaigns are subject to the same generation-satiation-decay cycles found for the more typical brand advertising campaigns. The hypothesis is examined by estimating a time-varying parameter model using data from the first fourteen years of an advertising campaign for fluid milk. Results suggest that the cycles predicted by wearout theory do exist in the case of specific generic thematic appeals. However, other phenomenon, such as a \"learning curve\" on the part of campaign managers, may be more important in explaining overall changes in effectiveness of generic advertising campaigns over time.","PeriodicalId":146173,"journal":{"name":"Review of marketing and agricultural economics","volume":"584 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116303472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 60
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