Iranian journal of kidney diseases最新文献

{"title":"Obesity and the Risk of Developing Kidney Stones: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Elham Emami,&nbsp;Saeid Heidari-Soureshjani,&nbsp;Atrin Oroojeni Mohammadjavad,&nbsp;Catherine Mt Sherwin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obesity is a growing problem that causes various metabolic disorders and organ dysfunction. The present systematic review and meta-analysis examined the impact of obesity on the risk of kidney stones. This meta-analysis was designed according to PRISMA guidelines. This extensive search was conducted on June 6, 2022, using relevant keywords in databases including PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Scopus. The data collected from observational studies were recorded in a datasheet. Odds Ratio (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) evaluated the overall effect size. The Cochran Q test and the statistic I2 were used to evaluate the heterogeneity of studies. Egger's and Begg's tests assessed potential publication bias. We included 15 observational studies published between 2005 to 2022 in this analysis. Compared to nonobese individuals, the OR for developing kidney stones in obese participants was 1.35 (95% CI: 1.20 to 1.52, P < .001). Considering geographical location, the OR for the risk of developing kidney stones in obese individuals was 1.51 (95% CI: 1.11 to 2.05, P = .009) in North America, 1.33 (95% CI: 1.16 to 1.51, P < .001) in Europe, and 1.18 (95% CI: 1.08 to 1.29, P < .001) in Asia. Begg's test results (P = .625) demonstrated no publication bias. However, Egger's test results (P = .005) indicated publication bias. Based on the results, obesity increases the risk of kidney stone development. Therefore, community health programs should be implemented to reduce the incidence of obesity and lower the risk of kidney stones.  DOI: 10.52547/ijkd.7223.</p>","PeriodicalId":14610,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of kidney diseases","volume":"1 2","pages":"63-72"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10149085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictor Factors of Return to Work in Workers with Kidney Transplantation in Iran: A Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Elaheh Kabir Mokamelkhah,&nbsp;Tahereh Malakoutian,&nbsp;Saber Mohammadi,&nbsp;Negin Kassiri,&nbsp;Niloofar Safaei,&nbsp;Afshin Zarafshar","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Return to work after a kidney transplantation in a previously functioning person is determined by a number of medical and non-medical factors. In this regard, this study was to investigate the factors that influence return to work in kidney transplant recipients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study was conducted in patients with kidney transplant in the main nephrology center in Tehran (December to April 2022). The primary outcome was the cumulative rate of return to work at 3, 6, and 12 months after transplantation. The secondary outcome was to compare the occupational, individual, and disease-related factors between patients who had returned to work and those who had not.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 214 kidney transplant recipients, the overall cumulative rate of return to work after kidney transplantation at 3, 6 months, and 12 months were 44.4%, 63.1% and 69.6%; respectively. According to the univariate analysis, male sex, age less than 40 years, nonphysical jobs, job satisfaction, employer support, partner support, and absence of diabetes mellitus significantly affected the time of return to work (P < .05). According to the multivariate analysis, absence of diabetes mellitus, nonphysical jobs and job satisfaction had greater impact on the time of return to work (P < .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results showed that older age, female gender, having a physical job, the presence of diabetes mellitus, lack of job satisfaction, and employer and partner support are associated with not returning to work in these patients and adjusting factors linked to the work environment and support of colleagues and supervisors might play an important role in improving the general condition of these patients.  DOI: 10.52547/ijkd.7210.</p>","PeriodicalId":14610,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of kidney diseases","volume":"1 2","pages":"108-115"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9846750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Prognosis of Post-transplant Glomerulonephritis in Kidney Transplant Biopsies, A Single- Center Report.","authors":"Roghayeh Jafari,&nbsp;Mitra Mehrazma,&nbsp;Mohsen Vahedi,&nbsp;Shahrzad Ossareh","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Recurrence of glomerulonephritis (GN) after kidney transplant (Tx) may be associated with allograft loss. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency and prognosis of de novo or recurrent post-Tx GN.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We reviewed 1305 kidney Tx biopsy samples obtained between 2006 and 2020. The biopsy specimens were divided into post-Tx GN (recurrent or de novo) and control groups (i.e., no detectable GN in biopsy). Demographic and baseline characteristics of the patients and kidney survival rates were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 1305 kidney transplanted biopsies, 350 repeated biopsies for transplant rejection were excluded. Among 955 analyzed biopsies, (mean age: 40.4 ± 13.48 years, mean transplantation duration: 4.54 ± 3.98 years, 74.6% males), the frequency of GN was 10.78%. The most common recurrent post-Tx GN was IgA nephropathy (22.3%), followed by secondary focal segmental glomerulonephritis (FSGS, 19.4%), primary FSGS (19.4%), and membranous glomerulonephritis (17.5%). In the post-Tx GN group, the mean serum creatinine and proteinuria were 3.28 ± 1.97 mg/dL and 2730 ± 1244 mg/d at the biopsy time and 4.14 ± 1.86 mg/dL and 2020 ± 1048 mg/d, at the end of the study. There was a significant relationship between baseline serum creatinine and graft loss (P < .001). One-, five-, and ten-year graft survival rates were 97%, 81%, and 63% in the postTx GN, and 100%, 92%, and 59% in the control group. The median time to graft loss after biopsy, (graft survival after biopsy), was significantly lower in the post-Tx GN group (P < .000). The other accompanying factors had no significant impact on graft survival.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The median time to graft loss after biopsy was significantly lower in post-Tx GN. Baseline serum creatinine had a significant association with graft loss. Optimal management of recurrent or de novo GN should be a main focus of post-transplant care.  DOI: 10.52547/ijkd.7205.</p>","PeriodicalId":14610,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of kidney diseases","volume":"1 2","pages":"92-99"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10149088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Roles of Clinical Features and Chest CT in Predicting the Outcomes of Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 Developing AKI.","authors":"Tahereh Sabaghian,&nbsp;Masoomeh Raoufi,&nbsp;Shekoofeh Yaghmaei,&nbsp;Omid Moradi,&nbsp;Azamalsadat Alavi,&nbsp;Hemmat Ebrat Balkhkanlou,&nbsp;Farnoosh Masbough,&nbsp;Ali Falsafi,&nbsp;Minoo Heidari Almasi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research aimed to evaluate the clinical features and computed tomography (CT) scans associated with poor outcomes in COVID-19 patients with acute kidney injury (AKI). A total of 351 COVID-19 patients (100 AKI, 251 non-AKI) hospitalized at Imam Hossein Teaching Hospital affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences were included. To investigate the factors associated with in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients developing AKI, COX univariate and multivariate regression models were applied after controlling other confounding variables. C-reactive protein CRP, lactate, and procalcitonin levels were significantly higher in AKI patients than in non-AKI patients (P < .05). In addition, AKI patients had higher frequencies of lymphopenia and leukocytosis (P < .05). The troponin levels and WBC were the most significant factors for predicting mortality in patients with AKI. Our findings showed that AKI per se is much more important than any other prognostic factor affecting non-AKI patients. However, AKI patients with higher CRP, PCT, and lactate levels had a poor prognosis.  DOI: 10.52547/ijkd.7241.</p>","PeriodicalId":14610,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of kidney diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":"9-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9176899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measured GFR in Donor Selection, to Do or Not to Do? That is the Question.","authors":"Shiva Samavat,&nbsp;Homa Masrour,&nbsp;Azadeh Ahmadikoomleh,&nbsp;Ali Reza Khoshdel,&nbsp;Mohsen Nafar,&nbsp;Nooshin Dalili,&nbsp;Ahmad Firouzan,&nbsp;Fatemeh Poorrezagholi,&nbsp;Fariba Samadian,&nbsp;Samaneh Hoseinzadeh","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The accurate assessment of the pre-donation glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a crucial step in donor selection. We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study to identify the best equation to estimate GFR and the necessity of a radio-nuclear scan in GFR evaluation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, 154 potential donors were enrolled, and GFR equations (the MDRD study, the CKD-EPI study, and the full age spectrum [FAS]), and creatinine clearance were compared with measured GFR (mGFR) by the radio-nuclear method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study results indicate that Potential donors had an mGFR of 95.56 ± 15.57 mL/min per 1.73 m2. Though body surface area (BSA) adjusted full age spectrum (FAS) and CKD-EPI equations were most correlated with mGFR, the correlation coefficients were weak (ICC: 0.3 and 0.32, respectively). Misclassification at the cut-off of 80 cc/min/ 1.73 m2 was about 42% for both equations. Besides, 16.8% of donors with eGFR more than 80 cc/min/ 1.73 m2 had a difference in split renal function, and 57.1% of participants had a > 2% probability of having an mGFR < 90 mL/min per 1.73 m2.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>If the nuclear scan is easily available, we suggest measuring GFR by 99mTc -DTPA scan as the preferred method. Otherwise, our data suggest utilizing mGFR in patients with high body mass index, size asymmetry in CT-scan, eGFR less than 90 mL/min per 1.73 m2 with FAS and/or CKD-EPI equation as these factors deviated the estimated GFR, and also in those with inaccurate creatinine clearance measurements or with posttest probability of having mGFR less than 90 mL/min per 1.73 m2 more than 2%.  DOI: 10.52547/ijkd.7271.</p>","PeriodicalId":14610,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of kidney diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":"54-60"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9176901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Urinary Level of Neutrophil Gelatinaseassociated Lipocalin (NAGL) in Children with Renal Scar Due to Vesicoureteral Reflux.","authors":"Alireza Eskandarifar,&nbsp;Rama Naghshizadian,&nbsp;Adnan Tari","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Renal scarring is a serious complications of urinary tract infection and vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). The dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scan is the gold standard method for diagnosing renal scars but is an expensive procedure that risks ionizing materials and is not available to everyone. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) increases following inflammation, infection, and acute kidney injury in the urine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the urinary level of NGAL and determine its diagnostic value in renal scarring.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients aged 3 to 60 months with pyelonephritis were included in this study. Voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) was performed in the presence of hydronephrosis on ultrasonography. Children with VUR underwent DMSA scans six months after successful treatment of pyelonephritis., Patients were divided into two groups based on the result of DMSA scan: those with and those without renal scars. Levels of urinary NGAL were measured in both groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ninety-two children with VUR (grades 2 to 5) were studied, of whom 40 had renal scars and 52 did not. The urinary level of NGAL at the cutoff point of 284 ng/dL had 70% sensitivity and 100% specificity for the detection of renal scars and was higher in patients with renal scars. (P < .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The urinary level of NGAL is considerably higher in children with renal scarring. It is not a good test for screening and early diagnosis due to its low sensitivity, although it can identify renal scars caused by VUR with high specificity.  DOI: 10.52547/ijkd.6951.</p>","PeriodicalId":14610,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of kidney diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":"14-19"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9176902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is CKD Screening Program Necessary in Developing Countries?","authors":"Alaleh Gheissari,&nbsp;Maryam Riahinejad,&nbsp;Mehryar Mehrkash,&nbsp;Alireza Merrikhi,&nbsp;Yahya Madihi,&nbsp;Ziba Farajzadegan,&nbsp;Behnoosh Esteki,&nbsp;Niloufar Amini,&nbsp;Minoo Saeidi,&nbsp;Bahareh Vard,&nbsp;Rasool Kermani,&nbsp;Roya Kelishadi,&nbsp;Mohammad Ali Pourmirzaiee,&nbsp;Amirmohammad Ghanei,&nbsp;Neda Azin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The prevalence of congenital anomaly of kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) and related chronic kidney disease (CKD) may be increased in countries with higher rate of consanguineous marriage. Therefore, we evaluated the prevalence of CKD by biochemical and kidney ultrasound measurements in the firstgrade pupils.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross -sectional study was carried on children aged 6 to 7 years. Urine analysis, serum creatinine, urine microalbumin to creatinine ratio and kidney ultrasound have been evaluated for participants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>653 children were recruited to the study. Stage 1 and stage 2 systolic hypertension have been found in 6.5 and 1%, respectively. The percentage of stage 1 and stage 2 diastolic hypertension were 1.3 and 0.3%, respectively. Both weight Z-score and waist Z-score had positive correlation with systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Microalbuminuria (in 2.5%) did not have any correlation with the following factors: hypertension, body mass index, microscopic hematuria, glomerular filtration rate, kidney sonographic abnormalities or kidney parenchymal thickness and family history of kidney transplantation. GFR less than 90 mL/ min /1.73 m2 has been detected in 1.8% of the students. Only 1.7% had urine RBC more than 5 in each high-power field (hpf). Approximately 1.5% had anatomical abnormality of kidney and urinary tract (hydronephrosis or hydroureter).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Considering the higher prevalence of elevated blood pressure and microalbuminuria in Iranian children, a CKD screening program based on evaluating microalbuminuria and blood pressure measurement is needed. However, irrespective of high prevalence of consanguineous marriage in Iran, using kidney ultrasound as a screening tool has not been recommended.  DOI: 10.52547/ijkd.7306.</p>","PeriodicalId":14610,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of kidney diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":"37-46"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9120122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum.","authors":"Editor Ijkd","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>No Abstract.  DOI: 10.52547/ijkd.7588.</p>","PeriodicalId":14610,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of kidney diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":"61"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9120123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of Acute Kidney Injury by Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (FGF-23) in Adult Patients, A Meta-analysis Study.","authors":"Wei Tao,&nbsp;Shu-Wen Guo,&nbsp;Yu-Jie Fan,&nbsp;Feng Zheng","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The aim of the current meta-analysis was to assess the predictive value of blood fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) for acute kidney injury (AKI) in adult patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrieved relative publications from electronic databases including the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, web of science, and Wanfang Data from their inception to Aug 2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This meta-analysis study included seven prospective cohort trials comprising 1,655 adult patients. The overall pooled area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) from seven studies was 0.83 (95% CI: 0.80 to 0.86). Significant heterogeneity was identified (Q = 9.82, P = .004, I2 = 80). Pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.75 (95% CI: 0.59 to 0.87) and 0.77 (95% CI: 0.65 to 0.87), respectively. Pooled positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio were 3.3 (95% CI: 1.8 to 6.3), 0.32 (95% CI: 0.16 to 0.63), and 10 (95% CI: 3 to 38); respectively. Moreover, our sensitivity analysis showed that when a trial from Asia was excluded, the predictive value of FGF-23 was declined.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results of meta-analysis of seven prospective cohort trials suggested that blood FGF-23 is a candidate indicator for the prediction of AKI in adult patients. Results of future large and well-designed clinical trials are still needed.  DOI: 10.52547/ijkd.7189.</p>","PeriodicalId":14610,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of kidney diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9120121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Kidney Injury in Pediatric Patients with COVID-19; Clinical Features and Outcome.","authors":"Mahbubeh Mirzaee,&nbsp;Mahnaz Jamee,&nbsp;Masoumeh Mohkam,&nbsp;Fatemeh Abdollah Gorji,&nbsp;Mitra Khalili,&nbsp;Sedigheh Rafiei Tabatabaei,&nbsp;Abdollah Karimi,&nbsp;Shahnaz Armin,&nbsp;Roxana Mansour Ghanaie,&nbsp;Seyed Alireza Fahimzad,&nbsp;Zahra Pournasiri,&nbsp;Seyed Mohammad Taghi Hosseini Tabatabaei,&nbsp;Reza Dalirani,&nbsp;Nasrin Esfandiar,&nbsp;Mina Alibeik","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Renal disorders have been reported as the underlying cause as well as complications of critical COVID-19 in pediatric patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the pattern of kidney involvement, particularly acute kidney injury (AKI), among pediatric patients with COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective study, hospitalized pediatric patients with a clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 were enrolled. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory findings were collected and analyzed using a mixed method of qualitative and quantitative approaches and descriptive statistics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred and eighty-seven patients, including 120 (64.2%) males and 67 (35.8%) females with COVID-19 with a median age (interquartile range) of 60 (24 to 114) months were enrolled in this study. Most patients (n = 108, 58.1%) had one or two underlying comorbidities, mainly malnutrition (77.4%), neurologic/learning disorders (21.4%), and malignancy (10.2%). According to the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) classification, AKI was detected in 38.5% of patients (stage 1: 55.6%, stage 2: 36.1%, and stage 3: 8.3%) at presentation or during hospitalization. Nine patients (4.8%) required hemodialysis and 16 (8.6%) eventually died. There was no significant association between AKI and admission to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) (P > .05), a multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) (P > .05), comorbidities (P > .05), and mortality rate (P > .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Kidneys are among the major organs affected by COVID-19. Although kidney abnormalities resolve in the majority of pediatric COVID-19 infections, particular attention should be paid to serum creatinine and electrolyte levels in patients affected by COVID-19, particularly children with a history of malnutrition and kidney disorders.  DOI: 10.52547/ijkd.7151.</p>","PeriodicalId":14610,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of kidney diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":"20-27"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9120124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}