Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies最新文献

{"title":"Monitoring of stable isotope composition of precipitation reveals thunderstorm dynamics.","authors":"Ana-Voica Bojar, Christophe Lécuyer, Hans-Peter Bojar, François Fourel, Stanislaw Chmiel","doi":"10.1080/10256016.2024.2380059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10256016.2024.2380059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The summer of 2019 is particularly well known for the famous heatwaves that swept across the European continent, with its associated drought and record-breaking air temperatures. This was followed by powerful thunderstorms, characterised by hail and heavy rain that damaged the crops on a regional scale. Here, we investigated one of the largest storm cells, lasting more than 6 h, which struck southwestern Romania. High-temporal resolution sampling of storm precipitation was performed for stable isotope measurements, rainfall and air temperature, to follow the storm dynamics. Hydrogen and oxygen isotope measurements show an abrupt decreasing temporal trend followed by superimposed V-shaped patterns interpreted as reflecting moisture replenishment by successive rain bands. To model the stable isotope values of precipitation in relation to the general trend of decreasing air temperatures, we applied a numerical Rayleigh condensation model for a non-constant α isotopic fractionation factor between liquid water and water vapour. The storm is powered by four consecutive moisture fronts, each following a Rayleigh distribution. About 40 % of the water vapour condenses during the sampled storm due to adiabatic expansion and cooling, which lowers saturation. Condensation ceases when cooling and absolute humidity can no longer sustain the dew point, stopping the rain. The timing of the event, occurring late at night and early in the morning, its duration of over 6 h as well as its synoptic scale may indicate a mesoscale convective complex.</p>","PeriodicalId":14597,"journal":{"name":"Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141788028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Ursus spelaeus</i> (Rosenmüller, 1794) during the MIS 3: new evidence from the Cioclovina Uscată Cave and radiocarbon age overview for the Carpathians.","authors":"Ana-Voica Bojar, Natalia Piotrowska, Victor Barbu, Hans-Peter Bojar, Fatima Pawełczyk, Andrei Smeu, Ovidiu Guja","doi":"10.1080/10256016.2024.2376730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10256016.2024.2376730","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Ursus spelaeus</i>, the Late Pleistocene a cave bear is known from numerous accumulations found in the fossil sector of caves situated in the Carpathian and Apuseni Mountains. In this study, we present new radiocarbon data along a profile of the Cioclovina Uscată Cave, which is situated in the South Carpathians. The data suggest that, during the entire Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS 3) interval, the cave was serving as a shelter for <i>U. spelaeus</i>, with the oldest dated bone indicating an age of > 47,710 and the youngest one, an age of 31,820 ± 400 years cal BP. Histogram plots of 110 radiocarbon data from different caves of the Carpathian and Apuseni Mountains as Cioclovina Uscată, Peștera (Cave) cu Oase, Peștera Muierii, or Peștera Urșilor, respectively, show a maximum expansion of the cave bear population between 50,000 and 40,000, a decline between 40,000 and 35,000 and a partial recovery from 35,000-30,000 years cal BP. Radiocarbon data of <i>Homo sapiens</i> remains, younger than 35,000 years cal BP, support the fact that <i>H. sapiens</i> accessed the same caves where the cave bear persisted to hibernate. Besides general cool conditions and restricted food sources, the presence of <i>H. sapiens</i> constituted an additional stress factor driving the cave bear to extinction.</p>","PeriodicalId":14597,"journal":{"name":"Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141758782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unravelling the history of mountain belts through U-Pb and Lu-Hf dating of zircon and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating of detrital white mica: a case study from the Eastern Alps.","authors":"Franz Neubauer, Ruihong Chang, Yunpeng Dong, Johann Genser, Yongjiang Liu","doi":"10.1080/10256016.2024.2367099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10256016.2024.2367099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radiogenic isotopes of igneous and detrital minerals from various clastic rocks of mountain belts are used to reveal tectonic and sedimentary processes, which are otherwise difficult to detect. Here, we discuss the results of U-Pb and Lu-Hf zircon systems, and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar on detrital white mica in Eastern Alps. Zircon and white mica are chemically and mechanically stable and occur in magmatic, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks. During subsequent metamorphism, zircon is resistant against high temperature, >650 °C (U-Pb) and 900 °C (Lu-Hf). The Lu-Hf zircon system is used as a tracer of initial magma separation from the mantle, and the U-Pb zircon system records magmatic crystallization. The ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar white mica system is stable up to 400-450 °C dating either formation or cooling after high-grade metamorphism. Detrital U-Pb zircon ages on two major rivers draining the Eastern Alps do not record any sign of Alpine orogeny or metamorphism. Consequently, U-Pb zircon studies can entirely miss the record of collisional orogeny in cool, magma-poor collision orogens. In contrast, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar white mica ages record Early and Late Alpine metamorphism but are limited to revealing the pre-orogenic history. U-Pb zircon and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar white mica yield different information in provenance studies. In the Eastern Alps, U-Pb zircon dating of magmatic and clastic rocks indicates intense formation of magmatic rocks between 630 and 230 Ma. Felsic rocks dominate the older age groups, and increasingly young mafic rocks were dated, specifically between 265 and 230 Ma. Hf isotopes record increasing juvenile input since ∼630 Ma. Two different groups with respect to Mesoproterozoic depleted mantle ages are shown: (1) one group with a Mesoproterozoic age gap typical for Gondwana-derived units, and (2) a rare group with Mesoproterozoic ages recording a new tectonic element in the Austroalpine basement in Alps.</p>","PeriodicalId":14597,"journal":{"name":"Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141751723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New chloromethane preparation line for the stable chlorine isotope composition analysis.","authors":"Andrzej Pelc","doi":"10.1080/10256016.2024.2379414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10256016.2024.2379414","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stable isotopes of chlorine have great application potential due to the widespread occurrence of the chlorine anion in water, minerals, living organisms and the environment. In most studies, the chloride ion from the samples is converted to chloromethane, which is then analysed isotopically using a mass spectrometer. In the present study, a new design for a chloromethane preparation line is proposed. In particular, the new chloromethane preparation line uses a new system for injecting iodomethane into the preparation system, as well as ampoules with Teflon valves and the u-shaped freezers. These improvements reduced the preparation time to about 1 h, and also achieved a decent measurement uncertainty of 0.05 permil.</p>","PeriodicalId":14597,"journal":{"name":"Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141758783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isotope hydrology of the intermontane Elk Valley, British Columbia: an assessment of water resources around coal mining operations.","authors":"Leonard I Wassenaar, M Jim Hendry, Sean Carey","doi":"10.1080/10256016.2024.2375324","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10256016.2024.2375324","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to synthesise and interpret stable isotopic data (<i>δ</i>²H and <i>δ</i>¹⁸O) from various sources to understand the isotope hydrology around coal mine operations in Elk Valley, B.C., Canada. The data, including precipitation, groundwaters, seeps, and mine rock drains, were used to construct a local meteoric water line (LMWL) for the Elk Valley, evaluate the spatiotemporal isotopic composition of its groundwater, and assess mine seepage and mine rock drain discharge. The study revealed a robust LMWL relation (<i>δ</i>²H = 7.4 ± 0.2 · <i>δ</i>¹⁸O - 4.3 ± 4.1). The groundwater and seep data indicated a winter season bias and a north-south latitudinal gradient, suggesting rapid near-surface groundwater flow without significant post-precipitation evaporation. Porewater isotope samples from unsaturated mine rock piles (MRPs) showed site-specific evaporation patterns, potentially due to convective air flows or exothermic sulphide oxidation. This research revealed the influence of groundwater and meltwater on rock drain discharge. Based on evaporative mass balance calculations, MRPs seasonally contributed ca. 5 %(December base flow) and 22 % (snowmelt) to drain discharge. The findings underscore the value of stable isotope data collections in the Elk Valley to help better define and quantify the hydrology-hydrogeology, including a better understanding of evaporative conditions in MRPs.</p>","PeriodicalId":14597,"journal":{"name":"Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141563347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Bacau (Romania) phosphogypsum stacks as a source of radioactive threat: a case study.","authors":"Ana-Maria Blebea-Apostu, Mariana Claudia Gomoiu, Romul Mircea Mărgineanu, Diana Perșa, Stefan Marincea, Octavian G Duliu, Delia-Georgeta Dumitraș, Aurora-Maruta Iancu","doi":"10.1080/10256016.2024.2365684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10256016.2024.2365684","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For a detailed characterization of the 5.7 10⁶ mt phosphogypsum (PG) stack in the vicinity of Bacau city, Romania, the air dose rate (ADR) was measured in 72 points covering the stack surface, while 10 samples of stack material were collected for future analysis. Radiometric determinations showed for the ADR values varying between 364 ± 53 and 489 ± 8 nSv/h, with some extreme values of 2775 ± 734 nSv/h, significantly exceeding 90 nSv/h, the average value reported for the Romanian territory. High-resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy (HRGS), performed on 10 samples collected from the entire PG stack evidenced only the presence of ²²⁶Ra as the major radioactive element with a specific activity varied between 820 ± 150 and 5278 ± 264 Bq/kg for hot spots. Further analysis performed on a similar number of samples by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), evidenced, beside gypsum as the main component, traces of brushite (CaHPO₄·2H₂O) and ardealite (Ca₂(PO₃OH)(SO₄)·4H₂O), as well as the presence of small acicular celestine (SrSO₄) agglomerates. XRF determinations of the mass fractions of major elements evidenced values such as SiO₂ (2.31 ± 0.73 %), TiO₂ (0.07 ± 0.01 %), Al₂O₃ (0.17 ± 0.04 %), Fe₂O₃ (0.87 ± 0.18 %), MnO (0.01 ± 0.01 %), MgO (0.17 ± 0.02 %), CaO (32.5 ± 0.82 %), Na₂O (0.04 ± 0.04 %), K₂O (0.05 ± 0.01 %), P₂O₅ (2.12 ± 0.51 %), LOI (20.2 ± 0.3 %), i.e. closer to literature reported data for PG of different provenience while the data concerning the distribution of 20 trace elements, including incompatible Sc, La, Ce, and Th were relatively closer to the upper continental crust (UCC).</p>","PeriodicalId":14597,"journal":{"name":"Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141467916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards the compatibility of stable isotope data: review of related concepts, recent progress with reference materials and current challenges.","authors":"Sergey Assonov","doi":"10.1080/10256016.2024.2355194","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10256016.2024.2355194","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Comparing and combining stable isotope datasets from different laboratories and different years is essential for many research areas, such as isotope hydrology, greenhouse gas observations, food studies, isotope forensics, palaeo-reconstructions, etc. Data compatibility (i.e. the ability to combine data) is related to the data quality. The prerequisite for data comparability is data normalization to a common stable isotope scale (often referred to as calibration) based on reliable reference materials (RMs) with accurately assigned values and uncertainties. Still, that does not guarantee the data compatibility (mutual agreement). Albeit metrological concepts related to data compatibility and measurement uncertainty have been developed and applied to analytical chemistry in general, these concepts have not yet been fully applied to stable isotope research. This can affect daily calibrations, analytical data and, therefore, data compatibility. In addition, IRMS users often prepare different laboratory standards themselves. Thereafter, users should then understand the contemporary concepts used for assigning RM value and uncertainty, as well as the limitations and potential problems associated with RMs. The history of RMs, preparation reports and also some problems in the past provide lessons to be learned. These include the <i>δ</i>¹³C drift of LSVEC (the second anchor on the <i>δ</i>¹³C scale before 2017), revisions to the value assignment principles, the introduction of replacements for LSVEC, related disputes and the potential underestimation of uncertainties for secondary RMs. The review describes metrological concepts related to isotopic scales, RMs and calibration hierarchies and data compatibility. The main RMs and their uncertainties are reviewed through the lens of metrology concepts. Additional focus is given to the VPDB scale for <i>δ</i>¹³C and issues of scale discontinuity, which can significantly reduce data compatibility in <i>δ</i>¹³C. The given examples of value and uncertainty assignment for RMs should be viewed as an example of value and uncertainty calculation in daily practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":14597,"journal":{"name":"Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141305881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing hydrological insight: isotopic methods revealing groundwater-surface water interactions in the Lower Quang Tri River Group, Vietnam.","authors":"Quy-Nhan Pham, Thanh-Le Tran, Duc-Nhan Dang","doi":"10.1080/10256016.2024.2356609","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10256016.2024.2356609","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Lower Quang Tri River Group, situated in central Vietnam, faces a myriad of challenges, notably the decline in groundwater levels and the salinisation of both groundwater and surface water, significantly impacting water availability for domestic, agricultural, and industrial purposes. To address these pressing concerns, this study adopts a comprehensive methodology integrating hydrogeological measurements, isotopic techniques, and chemical analyses of various water sources, including local precipitation, surface water bodies, reservoirs, and groundwater samples. Utilising the deuterium and oxygen-18 signatures (<i>δ</i>²H and <i>δ</i>¹⁸O) in water molecules as environmental tracers for the assessment of base flow and water sources enables a nuanced understanding of the intricate interaction between surface water and groundwater. Research findings elucidate that during the dry season, groundwater recharge primarily stems from water in the reservoirs over approximately seven months. Base flow contributes between 80 and 85 % of streamflow during the rainy season, escalating to 100 % during the dry season. The mean travelling time of the base flow is estimated at 120 ± 10 days using the sine curve model developed by Rodgers et al. The insights gleaned from this study are poised to play a pivotal role in guiding the local water resources managers in licensing for the exploitation of a right quantities of groundwater as sustainable management strategies in the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":14597,"journal":{"name":"Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141468014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"⁶⁷Zn and ¹¹¹Cd labelled green manure to determine the fate and dynamics of zinc and cadmium in soil-fertilizer-crop systems.","authors":"Manja Künzli, Thilo Dürr-Auster, Christoph Bracher, Yang Zhao, Jill Bachelder, Frossard Emmanuel, Matthias Wiggenhauser","doi":"10.1080/10256016.2024.2324966","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10256016.2024.2324966","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Isotope source tracing enables to accurately determine the fate of nutrients that are applied with fertilizers to soils. While this approach is well established for major nutrients such as nitrogen, it is not yet established for trace metals. Here, we aimed to determine the fate of the micronutrient zinc (Zn) and the contaminant cadmium (Cd) that were applied with an organic fertilizer to a soil-wheat system. A pot study was conducted in which wheat was grown on an alkaline soil. The soils received green manure and/or soluble Zn fertilizer and were compared with non-fertilized control treatments (<i>n</i> = 4 experimental replicates). The green manure was labelled with the stable isotopes ⁶⁷Zn and ¹¹¹Cd. For an efficient sample throughput, a method was provided and validated to determine enriched stable isotope ratios (⁶⁷Zn:⁶⁶Zn and ¹¹¹Cd:¹¹⁰Cd) and the Zn and Cd concentrations in one analytical run. To this end, single collector ICP-MS analyses and stable isotope mass balances calculations were combined. Applying this method revealed that the addition of green manure increased neither Zn nor Cd concentrations in wheat grains due to biomass dilution effects. Isotope source tracing showed that the largest fraction of these metals in the wheat shoots derived from the soil in all treatments (Zn 87-99 %, Cd 94-98 %). Moreover, the addition of green manure increased the transfer of Zn and Cd from soil to wheat by a factor 1.9 for both elements. This increased transfer was likely related to a nitrogen fertilization effect that increased root and shoot biomass and thereby the soil exploration of the wheat. This study demonstrated how the fate and dynamics of multiple trace metals can be efficiently determined in soil-fertilizer-crop systems using isotope source tracing.</p>","PeriodicalId":14597,"journal":{"name":"Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140136743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial from the new Editor-in-Chief Matthias Gehre.","authors":"Matthias Gehre","doi":"10.1080/10256016.2024.2357209","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10256016.2024.2357209","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14597,"journal":{"name":"Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141468013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}