Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies最新文献

{"title":"Estimation of radiological health risks due to ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th, and ⁴⁰K in foods consumed in Iraqi Kurdistan Region.","authors":"Dedawan Salam Saleh, Hemn Salh, Jahfer Majeed Smail, Saddon T Ahmad, Sarmad Raheem Kareem","doi":"10.1080/10256016.2024.2411360","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10256016.2024.2411360","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the activity concentration of natural radionuclides in a diverse range of food samples in the Koya district markets food baskets, including both domestic and imported products. The samples cover annual crops (e.g. coffee, tea, kidney beans), tree nuts (e.g. almonds, pistachios), and other items (e.g. beef, fish, milk) by using a high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector. This research addresses a notable gap by providing baseline data on radionuclide concentrations and assessing potential health risks. Average activity concentrations for ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th, and ⁴⁰K were 0.943, 0.367, and 191.8 Bq kg^-1, respectively. Radium equivalent activity values ranged from 2.88-58.48 Bq kg^-1, all below the safety limit. The average excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) was 0.154 mSv a^-1, indicating safety for most samples, though coffee and tea showed higher levels. This study provides new data crucial for future research and regulatory monitoring, underscoring the need for further investigation into geological impacts on radionuclide levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":14597,"journal":{"name":"Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies","volume":" ","pages":"628-641"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142375469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microscale δ³⁴S and δ¹⁸O variations of barite as an archive for fluid mixing and microbial sulphur metabolisms in igneous rock aquifers.","authors":"Vanessa Fichtner, Ferdinand Kirchner, Martin Kutzschbach, Harald Strauss, Mikael Tillberg, Martin Whitehouse, Henrik Drake","doi":"10.1080/10256016.2024.2410293","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10256016.2024.2410293","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The stable isotope compositions of sulphur (δ³⁴S) and oxygen (δ¹⁸O) in barite are frequently used as proxies for microbial sulphate reduction (MSR) in diverse environments, such as in relation to anaerobic oxidation of methane in marine cold seeps. There, isotopically heavy barite is used as a marker for MSR from a sulphate pool that has undergone semi-closed system conditions. Closed-system MSR is also a commonly observed feature in igneous rock hosted fracture aquifers, as shown by extremely ³⁴S-enriched pyrite. What is less well-constrained is whether δ³⁴S in barite can be used as a proxy for MSR in such systems. Here we explore the microscale heterogeneity of δ³⁴S and δ¹⁸O via secondary ion mass spectrometry and the trace element Sr via LA-ICP-MS maps in barite precipitated in granite-hosted boreholes during a 17-year experiment, at Äspö, Sweden. We compare it with δ¹⁸O_sulfate, δ³⁴S_sulfate, and δ³⁴S_sulfide of the fracture fluids and with paragenetic pyrite with δ³⁴S values reflecting closed system MSR. The δ¹⁸O values in barite (+9.4 to +16.9 ‰) represent two generations of barite, one with low values and one with high values. The latter are likely impacted by sulphur disproportionating or -oxidizing bacteria. The barite reflects a much smaller span in δ³⁴S (+14.5 to +28.6 ‰) than the pyrite (-47.2 to +53.3 ‰). This lack of extremely high δ³⁴S_barite values is proposed to be due to that barite saturation only occurred in the early parts of the Rayleigh cycle. Additionally, fluid migration has affected the δ³⁴S values to lower values, accompanied by higher Sr concentrations. Taken together, barite δ³⁴S values cannot be regarded as a reliable independent proxy for MSR in deep sulphate-poor igneous rock hosted aquifers. However, the relation between the δ³⁴S values of coeval barite and pyrite is regarded as a useful proxy for MSR-related fractionation during early stages of MSR.</p>","PeriodicalId":14597,"journal":{"name":"Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies","volume":" ","pages":"557-584"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142375470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stable-isotope variability in daily precipitation: insights from a low-cost collector in SE England.","authors":"Jonathan Holmes, Anne-Lise Jourdan, W George Darling","doi":"10.1080/10256016.2024.2402730","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10256016.2024.2402730","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Precipitation stable-isotope data are often used in hydroclimatic, hydrological and hydrogeological investigations, with measurements typically undertaken on integrated monthly samples. However, daily sampling reveals overlooked aspects of controls on precipitation isotope values, including synoptic meteorological conditions. We present a one-year record of stable isotopes in daily precipitation during 2021, from a site in SE England close to Greater London. We find marked daily variability over the course of the year (-15.62 to +0.92 ‰ for δ¹⁸O, -108.7 to +2.9 ‰ for δ²H and -6.5 to +23.1 ‰ for deuterium excess). Correlations with individual meteorological variables including precipitation amount, temperature and weather type are moderate to weak suggesting complex controls on the daily rainfall isotope values. The daily data are compared with three other daily datasets from England and, by conversion to monthly values, directly with data from three long-term collection stations across Britain and Ireland. The scale of variability in the daily data from our site is consistent with that seen in other English records despite them all coming from different time periods. The monthly data show broad consistency, although there are differences that also highlight geographical variability in precipitation values across the British Isles.</p>","PeriodicalId":14597,"journal":{"name":"Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies","volume":" ","pages":"596-614"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142287302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-application of glucose and phosphorus with recalcitrant high-carbon soil amendments improves N retention in a reclaimed soil: a long-term incubation study.","authors":"Zhijie Li, Rüdiger Reichel, Holger Wissel, Kerui Zhao, Nicolas Brüggemann","doi":"10.1080/10256016.2024.2423797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10256016.2024.2423797","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Incorporation of soil amendments with high organic carbon content (HCA) can reduce losses of mineral nitrogen (N) from agricultural soils. The magnitude of N immobilization and remobilization is strongly controlled by the availability of carbon (C) and phosphorus (P). However, the exact mechanisms and interactions between C, N, and P availability are poorly understood. An eight-month incubation experiment was conducted on recultivated mine soil with low organic C, mineral N and P background concentrations to investigate the effects of HCA in combination with ¹³C-labelled glucose and mineral P fertilization on greenhouse gas emissions, soil nutrient status (dissolved organic C (DOC), nitrate (NO₃^-), extractable P), and microbial biomass growth. The experiment had a factorial design of one N level × two P levels × six C treatments (control, wheat straw, poplar sawdust, glucose, and combinations of wheat straw or sawdust with glucose). The HCA increased the cumulative CO₂ and CH₄ emissions but decreased N₂O emission, except for wheat straw. Addition of ¹³C-labelled glucose decreased the cumulative CH₄ emission by 59 and 85 % in the sawdust and sawdust + P treatment, respectively. Glucose application reduced the NO₃^- content in the HCA-amended soil by 26-64 %, while P fertilizer further decreased the NO₃^- content in the wheat straw and sawdust treatments by 20 and 24 %, respectively. Both HCA and glucose treatments promoted microbial biomass growth and reduced the soil mineral N content. The δ¹³C of microbial biomass (δ¹³C_MB) showed an increasing trend during the whole experiment, although ¹³C-labelled glucose was added only once at the beginning of the experiment. Addition of HCA decreased δ¹³C_MB, while P addition had the opposite effect. In conclusion, adding a readily available C source to HCA may increase the efficacy of retaining N in post-harvest soils, particularly of more recalcitrant types of HCA like sawdust.</p>","PeriodicalId":14597,"journal":{"name":"Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142716098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dragonflies (Odonata) as bioindicators of radioactivity.","authors":"Andrea Vukoja, Tomislav Bogdanović, Davor Rašeta, Nora Miljanić, Iva Ivanišić Risek, Krunoslav Ilić, Ivan Pavičić, Ana Marija Marjanović Čermak, Branko Petrinec","doi":"10.1080/10256016.2024.2425070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10256016.2024.2425070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bioindicators are living organisms that are successfully used for monitoring changes in the environmental health due to natural and/or anthropogenic influences. Dragonflies (Odonata) are considered to be good indicators of water quality; however, research on dragonflies as potential indicators of radioactivity is scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate dragonflies as potential biological indicators of ionising radiation in nature by measuring ¹³⁷Cs activity concentrations in the dragonfly and river water samples. Altogether, 11 collective samples of dragonflies were collected from the bank of the Mura-Drava-Danube Biosphere Reserve, in the area of Virovitica-Podravina County. Following the initial sample preparation, the gamma spectrometry technique, employing an ORTEC HPGe detector system, was utilised to determine the activity concentrations of ¹³⁷Cs. The results show that the activity concentrations of ¹³⁷Cs in the river water were in the range from 4 to 13 Bq/m³. The results of dragonfly samples showed that ¹³⁷Cs was in the range from 1.7 to 3 Bq/kg. This was more than a hundred times higher than in the river Drava water. According to the obtained results, we conclude that dragonflies could be used as potential bioindicators of radioactivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":14597,"journal":{"name":"Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142687020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deuterium in drinking water and its effects on cancer and longevity.","authors":"Meiling Zhong, Jiaxue Wang, Ouyi Zhao, Qiuyi Li","doi":"10.1080/10256016.2024.2424454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10256016.2024.2424454","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the spatial distribution of longevity levels, deuterium in drinking water, and cancer incidence rates, and further examines the impact of deuterium in drinking water on longevity and cancer incidence. Methods such as correlation coefficients and Kriging spatial interpolation were employed to uncover the characteristics of spatial distribution and identify correlations. Findings reveal that regions with higher longevity levels are mostly located on the eastern side of the Hu Huanyong Line (Heihe-Tengchong Line). Deuterium in drinking water decreases from low latitude, low elevation, and coastal areas to high latitude, high elevation, and inland regions. Notably, there is a positive correlation between deuterium content in drinking water and longevity levels, indicating that higher deuterium content is associated with increased longevity. Additionally, counties with lower deuterium content in drinking water show a reduced incidence of cancer cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":14597,"journal":{"name":"Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142647759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Different continuous freshwater contributions to submarine groundwater discharge at a coastal peatland, southern Baltic Sea.","authors":"Anna-Kathrina Jenner, Rhodelyn Saban, Cátia M Ehlert von Ahn, Patricia Roeser, Iris Schmiedinger, Jürgen Sültenfuß, Anja Reckhardt, Michael Ernst Böttcher","doi":"10.1080/10256016.2024.2422864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10256016.2024.2422864","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The impact of freshwater sources like surface river runoff and submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) on coastal waters is currently in focus of intense debate and investigation. One of the ongoing challenges in SGD research is the characterization and quantification of the freshwater endmember contributions to the subsurface mixing zone and their influences on element balance and biogeochemical transformations. Long-term investigations of the sediment porewater composition provide characterization and understanding of the physical, hydrological and biogeochemical processes controlling the substance exchanges. In this study, we focus on the hydrochemical and stable isotope (<i>δ</i>²H, <i>δ</i>¹⁸O) compositions of sediment porewaters along the coastline of a southern Baltic Sea peatland. Coastal surface water and groundwater dynamics were monitored at two coastal sites using 5-m-long stationary lances over a 5-year period.The vertical compositional gradients were used to extrapolate to zero-salinity (ZS) components applying a binary mixing model on the salinity and water isotope composition. The results characterize a subterranean estuary (STE) with three potential mixing endmembers: two fresh groundwaters and the brackish Baltic Sea. Tritium-helium (³H-³He) porewater dating gave ages of more than about 20 years for the freshwater components. The ZS components were compared with other SGD sites along the southern Baltic Sea and North Sea and highlight the importance of local SGD studies for a proper groundwater endmember characterization as basis to understand hydrological and biogeochemical developments at the land-ocean continuum in times of current climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":14597,"journal":{"name":"Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142620717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of the diatom <i>Navicula</i> sp. to the growth of <i>Penaeus vannamei</i> post-larvae in biofloc system: a quantitative stable isotope assessment.","authors":"Elizabeth Pereira Dos Santos, Jéssika Lima de Abreu, Yolanda de Macedo Dantas, Carlos Yure B Oliveira, Gelcirene de Albuquerque Costa, Gilvan Takeshi Yogui, Humber Agrelli de Andrade, Luis Otavio Brito da Silva, Alfredo Olivera Gálvez","doi":"10.1080/10256016.2024.2397472","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10256016.2024.2397472","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The addition of <i>Navicula</i> sp. to shrimp nurseries can improve the growth of <i>Penaeus vannamei</i> reared in biofloc systems. However, the contribution of microalgae to the biofloc formation and the effective contribution to shrimp nutrition remain unknown. In this study, <i>Navicula</i> sp. was added to biofloc nursery systems of <i>P. vannamei</i> at distinct time frequencies for evaluating its nutritional contribution to shrimp growth. Nursery rearing was carried out in bioflocs for 35 days at a stocking density of 3000 post-larvae m^-3. Shrimp were fed using a commercial feed plus fresh culture of <i>Navicula</i> sp. at different frequencies: no addition of <i>Navicula</i> sp. (WN - control), the addition of 10 × 10⁴ cells mL^-1 of the diatom every 5, 10 and 15 days (N5, N10 and N15, respectively). Food sources relative contribution to <i>P. vannamei</i> development was estimated using a Bayesian mixture model. The isotopic discrimination factor (Δ¹⁵N and Δ¹³C) for each food source was determined experimentally. After 35 days of culture, survival (∼93 %) was similar across all treatments but there was a significant difference in weight gain and feed conversion ratio. The N10 treatment (0.50 ± 0.05 g, 0.99 ± 0.01) exhibited better growth parameters when compared to the WN treatment (0.33 ± 0.07 g, 11.46 ± 0.30). Biofloc was the food source most assimilated by shrimp followed by <i>Navicula</i> sp. and commercial feed. Contribution of <i>Navicula</i> sp. was higher in the N5 treatment. In the treatments with diatom addition, an inverse correlation was observed between the relative contributions of biofloc and <i>Navicula</i> sp., indicating that <i>Navicula</i> sp. is not in the biofloc composition, but it is directly consumed by <i>P. vannamei</i> post-larvae. Biofloc and <i>Navicula</i> sp. exhibited larger contributions to the growth of shrimp, reinforcing the importance of natural food sources to the aquaculture of <i>P. vannamei</i> post-larvae.</p>","PeriodicalId":14597,"journal":{"name":"Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies","volume":" ","pages":"528-543"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142154073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of anticoagulants time storage on stable isotope values of crocodilians' blood tissues.","authors":"Luciana M Beloto, Neliton R F Lara, Luís A B Bassetti, Beatriz F Littig, Ronnie V M Ferreira, Luciano M Verdade, Plínio B Camargo, Thiago S Marques","doi":"10.1080/10256016.2024.2403655","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10256016.2024.2403655","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rapid coagulation of reptile blood often hinders its use in studies in remote and difficult-to-access areas, necessitating chemical preservation. Therefore, understanding the potential effects of anticoagulants on the isotopic compositions of blood is essential to avoid issues in interpreting the results for ecological studies. In this study we aimed to verify whether the storage time of the blood tissue in anticoagulants can influence its isotopic compositions of the broad-snouted caiman (<i>Caiman latirostris</i>), an ectothermic top predator from eastern South America. Blood samples were obtained from ten adult females of <i>C. latirostris</i> from a commercial breeding facility in 2015. Samples were stored in vials containing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and sodium heparin (SH) and centrifuged after 2 and 8 h to separate red blood cells and plasma. No effect of time was found on the δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N of whole blood, plasma, and red blood cells in contact with the two types of anticoagulants, EDTA and SH. The findings have practical implications for researchers in this field, as they suggest that anticoagulants can be used effectively for at least eight hours under refrigeration.</p>","PeriodicalId":14597,"journal":{"name":"Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies","volume":" ","pages":"544-552"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142287301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isotope hydrology of the intermontane Elk Valley, British Columbia: an assessment of water resources around coal mining operations.","authors":"Leonard I Wassenaar, M Jim Hendry, Sean Carey","doi":"10.1080/10256016.2024.2375324","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10256016.2024.2375324","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to synthesise and interpret stable isotopic data (<i>δ</i>²H and <i>δ</i>¹⁸O) from various sources to understand the isotope hydrology around coal mine operations in Elk Valley, B.C., Canada. The data, including precipitation, groundwaters, seeps, and mine rock drains, were used to construct a local meteoric water line (LMWL) for the Elk Valley, evaluate the spatiotemporal isotopic composition of its groundwater, and assess mine seepage and mine rock drain discharge. The study revealed a robust LMWL relation (<i>δ</i>²H = 7.4 ± 0.2 · <i>δ</i>¹⁸O - 4.3 ± 4.1). The groundwater and seep data indicated a winter season bias and a north-south latitudinal gradient, suggesting rapid near-surface groundwater flow without significant post-precipitation evaporation. Porewater isotope samples from unsaturated mine rock piles (MRPs) showed site-specific evaporation patterns, potentially due to convective air flows or exothermic sulphide oxidation. This research revealed the influence of groundwater and meltwater on rock drain discharge. Based on evaporative mass balance calculations, MRPs seasonally contributed ca. 5 %(December base flow) and 22 % (snowmelt) to drain discharge. The findings underscore the value of stable isotope data collections in the Elk Valley to help better define and quantify the hydrology-hydrogeology, including a better understanding of evaporative conditions in MRPs.</p>","PeriodicalId":14597,"journal":{"name":"Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies","volume":" ","pages":"485-509"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141563347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}