Israel journal of medical sciences最新文献_第5页

Glucagon-like peptide-1 structure, function and potential use for NIDDM. 胰高血糖素样肽-1的结构、功能及其在NIDDM中的潜在应用

Israel journal of medical sciences Pub Date : 1997-10-01

D Gefel, Y Barg, R Zimlichman

{"title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 structure, function and potential use for NIDDM.","authors":"D Gefel, Y Barg, R Zimlichman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Basic research on the cellular mechanisms that control the expression of the gene encoding glucagon has led to the discovery of proglucagon. This precursor is processed by tissue-specific proteolysis to produce glucagon in pancreatic alpha-cells and a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in the intestine. GLP-1 is a hormone that is released by intestinal cells into the circulation in response to food intake. GLP-1 and gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) which has also been termed glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide appear to account for most of the incretin effect in the augmentation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. These two hormones have specific beta-cell receptors that are coupled to GTP binding proteins to induce production of cyclic AMP and activation of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. It is proposed that at least one factor contributing to the pathogenesis of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is desensitization of the GLP-1 receptor on beta-cells. At pharmacological doses, infusion of GLP-1, but not of GLP, can improve and enhance postprandial insulin response in NIDDM patients. Agonists of GLP-1 receptor have been proposed as new potential therapeutic agents in NIDDM patients. The observations that GLP-1 induces both secretion and production of insulin, and that its activities are mainly glucose-dependent, led to the suggestion that GLP-1 may present a unique advantage over sulfonylurea drugs in the treatment of NIDDM.","PeriodicalId":14590,"journal":{"name":"Israel journal of medical sciences","volume":"33 10","pages":"690-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20325687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Alveolar macrophages fat stain in early diagnosis of fat embolism syndrome. 肺泡巨噬细胞脂肪染色在脂肪栓塞综合征早期诊断中的价值。

Israel journal of medical sciences Pub Date : 1997-10-01

E Reider, Y Sherman, Y Weiss, M Liebergall, R Pizov

{"title":"Alveolar macrophages fat stain in early diagnosis of fat embolism syndrome.","authors":"E Reider, Y Sherman, Y Weiss, M Liebergall, R Pizov","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to assess the contribution of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in the diagnosis of fat embolism syndrome (FES). The presence of fat droplets in alveolar macrophages was addressed in 13 trauma patients with bone fractures and 10 non-trauma patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The control group was composed of 5 anesthesized patients with ischemic heart disease, immediately prior to cardiac surgery. Two patients with suggestive clinical and laboratory signs of FES had 40% and 24% fat-containing alveolar cells, respectively. The trauma patients without signs of FES displayed a wide variation in the percentage of fat-containing macrophages (from 3% to 95%). Most of the patients with ARDS who were receiving lipid emulsion as part of their parenteral nutrition, had a high percentage (> 85%) of fat-containing macrophages. Patients with normal lungs had no fat-containing macrophages. Our findings suggest that BAL Oil Red O-positive macrophages are frequently observed in trauma patients irrespective of the presence of FES. Therefore, estimation of the percentage of fat-containing macrophages from BAL is an unreliable marker of FES.","PeriodicalId":14590,"journal":{"name":"Israel journal of medical sciences","volume":"33 10","pages":"654-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20325679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A community hospital experience with colonoscopic polypectomies. 社区医院结肠镜息肉切除术的经验。

Israel journal of medical sciences Pub Date : 1997-10-01

R Reshef, E Libner, H S Rennert, I Cohen, M Shiler, T Shkolnik, G Rennert

{"title":"A community hospital experience with colonoscopic polypectomies.","authors":"R Reshef, E Libner, H S Rennert, I Cohen, M Shiler, T Shkolnik, G Rennert","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyzed 432 consecutive polypectomies performed in 279 patients in the gastroenterology unit of a community hospital. The patients were separated into 2 groups; group I--symptomatic patients considered suitable for colonoscopic examination, and group II--asymptomatic high-risk patients. The mean number of detected polyps was similar in both groups, the vast majority of the polyps in both groups were small (< 5 mm), and were mainly of tubular histology. Polyps in the rectosigmoid area were more common (56.6%) in the symptomatic patients than in the asymptomatic patients (44.1%). Fourteen percent of patients in group I and 33% in group II had no polyps within 60 cm from the anal verge. Carcinoma in situ was found in large polyps mainly in group I. Flat adenomas were not found in the studied population. The incidence of hyperplastic polyps was similar in both groups and did not predict the concomitant existence of adenomatous polyps. The male:female ratio was the same in both groups. The percent of detected polyps increased with age. A strong right shift in the location of the polyps was evident with increasing age. Multiple polyps were a common event in this Israeli population of symptomatic and high-risk asymptomatic patients. More than 30% of the polyps were found outside the reach of the sigmoidoscope, with this proportion increasing with age. These data provide further support to the claim that colonoscopy should therefore serve as the choice diagnostic tool in these high-risk populations.","PeriodicalId":14590,"journal":{"name":"Israel journal of medical sciences","volume":"33 10","pages":"666-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20325682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Silicates, silicones and autoimmunity. 硅酸盐，有机硅和自身免疫

Israel journal of medical sciences Pub Date : 1997-04-01

H Reyes, E A Ojo-Amaize, J B Peter

引用次数: 0

On hepatitis C. 丙型肝炎。

Israel journal of medical sciences Pub Date : 1997-04-01

引用次数: 0

Melatonin--a possible link between sleep and the immune system. 褪黑素——睡眠和免疫系统之间的可能联系。

Israel journal of medical sciences Pub Date : 1997-04-01

I Haimov, T Shochat, P Lavie

引用次数: 0