Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Antiproliferative Potential of Bacillus coagulans Supernatant on SKBR3 Breast Cancer Cell Line","authors":"M. Dolati, F. Tafvizi, Masoud Salehipour, Tahereh Komeili Movahed, P. Jafari","doi":"10.30699/ijmm.16.5.383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30699/ijmm.16.5.383","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer among Iranian women. To date, the usual cancer treatments have not been entirely effective. Therefore, creating anticancer products is of great importance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic, anticancer, and induction effects of Bacillus coagulans probiotic bacterial supernatant on SKBR3 cells. Materials and Methods: The anticancer potential and cytotoxic effect of different concentrations of probiotic bacterial supernatants (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 mg/mL) were evaluated on SKBR3 cells for 24, 48, and 72 h by MTT technique. QRT-RCR was used to assess the expression of bax , bcl2, casp3, and casp9 genes, and flow cytometry was used to evaluate apoptosis in cancer cells. Results: The inhibitory effect of dose- and time-dependent B. coagulans supernatant showed that the supernatant of this probiotic bacterium had a cytotoxic effect on SKBR3 cancer cells. On the other hand, analysis of flow cytometry results and increased expression of bax , casp3, and casp9 pro-apoptotic genes and decreased bcl2 expression in cancer cells showed induction of apoptosis. Conclusion: The anticancer and cytotoxic effect of B. coagulans probiotic bacterial supernatant on SKBR3 cancer cells shows that with further research, this probiotic bacterium can be used as a new strategy for the possible treatment of breast cancer.","PeriodicalId":14580,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49464493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Cytokines Gene Expression and Serum Level of Vitamin D on the Severity of COVID-19","authors":"Mehdi Kazempour dizaji, H. Jamaati, N. Bahrami, B. Farzanegan, Mahsa Rekabi, Mogtaba Mokhber Dezfuli, Jalal Heshmat Nia, M. Madani, Mahya Daustani, S. Shirian, Ladan Masoumi, A. Ghaemi, Armita Narimani, Mehran Khakbaz, A. Mohamadnia, M. Varahram, A. Velayati","doi":"10.30699/ijmm.16.5.112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30699/ijmm.16.5.112","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: The COVID-19 disease is an emerging infectious disease that appeared in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. An uncontrolled systemic inflammatory response is one of the primary mechanisms causing death in this disease. In this study, the expression levels of some inflammatory cytokines, vitamin D, and some hematological and biochemical parameters were compared in patients with severe COVID-19 and mild types. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 60 blood samples were taken from 30 severe coronavirus patients and 30 mild coronavirus patients. The expression levels of cytokines such as IL (interleukin)-6, interferon (IFN)-α, IL-12, transforming growth factor (TGF) β, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were evaluated using Real-time PCR. A T-test was used for Statistical Analysis. Results: IL-6, IFN-α, IL-12, TGF-β, IL-8, and TNF-α cytokines in the peripheral blood of severe patients, were positive in 28/30 (93.33%), 27/30 (90%), 24/30 (80%), 25/30 (83.33%), 26/30 (86.66%), and 27/30 (90%) respectively. The positive rate of these cytokines in the mild patients were 20/30 (66.67%), 21/30 (70%), 18/30 (60%), 17/30 (56.67%), 19/30 (63.33%), 18/30 (60%), respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between these two groups in terms of cytokines biomarkers. A significant difference was found between both groups in terms of the serum level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), the mean number of lymphocytes and neutrophils as well as the mean percentage of neutrophils/ lymphocytes ratio (NLR). Conclusion: The expression of cytokine genes and their release into the peripheral blood was increased in both severe and mild patients with COVID-19. However, they were more intense in patients with severe symptoms than those with mild symptoms and can cause inflammatory and even destructive reactions. Vitamin D deficiency plays no role in causing severe COVID-19 in patients without risk factors. Severe COVID-19 is characterized by elevated serum levels of LDH and NLR≥3.45. © 2022. This is an original open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-noncommercial 4.0 International License which permits copy and redistribution of the material just in noncommercial usages with proper citation.","PeriodicalId":14580,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48062186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic Detection of Brucella Abortus in Milk obtained from Farms in Lorestan Province using PCR Method","authors":"R. Tahmasebi, A. Jaydari, N. Shams, H. Rahimi","doi":"10.30699/ijmm.16.5.479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30699/ijmm.16.5.479","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease which has become endemic in Iran. Contaminated milk with Brucella bacteria is the main way of transmission of this disease in humans. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Brucella spp. and B. abortus in raw milk samples collected from farms belongs to six geographical areas of Lorestan province. Materials and Methods: In the present study, 100 raw milk samples of cows which were less than 4 years, 4 to 6 years and over 6 years old were randomly collected. The isolates were identified by PCR method using specific bcsp31 and IS711 primers for Brucella spp. and B. abortus , respectively. Results & Conclusion: The results showed that 26 of the samples were infected with Brucella bacteria, of which 19 samples (73%) were B. abortus. Most of the brucellosis infection in cows belonged to cows less than 4 years (31.4%) and 4 to 6 years (31.4%) categories, 11 samples in both groups, so that in cows older than 6 years this rate was 13% (4 samples). The east of the province with 12 samples and the northwest of the province with one sample showed the highest and lowest levels of Brucella infection, respectively. The findings demonstrated that there is a significant difference between the frequency of Brucella contamination in milk in the eastern regions of Lorestan province with other regions (p<0.05). It should be noted that the possibility of transmitting brucellosis to humans through consumption of contaminated raw milk and dairy products in Lorestan province is high.","PeriodicalId":14580,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48210140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Lamivudine/ Entacavir Resistance Mutations Among Treatment Naïve Chronic HBV Infected Patients Mashhad, Iran","authors":"Elaheh Saedi, M. Derakhshan, A. Shamsian, Sahar Tahaghoghi Hajghorbani, A. Movaqar, M. Youssefi","doi":"10.30699/ijmm.16.5.376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30699/ijmm.16.5.376","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Despite significant progress in Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) treatment, the emergence of drug resistance mutations is a main challenging health threat. The data is lacking regarding circulation mutant strains in northeastern Iran; therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate HBV reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors drug resistance mutations in a group of treatment naïve patients in Mashhad, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this study, 25 patients were included. The genomic DNA was extracted from serum samples, and the RT gene of HBV was amplified using specific primers. The PCR products were then subjected to gel electrophoresis and were next sent for sequencing. Finally, the sequences were analyzed using the HBVseq database, mutation list analysis software supported by Stanford University (https://hivdb.stanford.edu). Results: The mean age of the patients was 42.7±16.5. Among the patients, 56% were men. Among 23 cases (92%), no resistance mutation was observed, while 2 cases showed mutations outside the YMDD motif of viral reverse transcriptase causing Lamivudine or Entecavir resistance. The detected mutations included: rt T184A, S202I, S202H, V180I, I169L, and V173L. All sequenced samples were identified as genotype D. Conclusion: Lamivudine/Entecavir resistant variants are circulating in a minority of treatment naïve patients, which may indicate transmission of mutated stains to these patients or may be due to prolonged replication of the virus. This finding might be considered an alarm for increasing circulating mutant variants.","PeriodicalId":14580,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45951832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of miRNA-122, miRNA-149, miRNA-199a, and miRNA- let7 Expression in HIV, HBV, and HIV-HBV Co-infected Patients","authors":"Somayeh Sadat Moochani, Mohsen Moghoofei, A. Tavakoli, A. Tabibzadeh, S. Ghorbani, H. Ghaffari, S. Mostafaei, S. Monavari","doi":"10.30699/ijmm.16.5.420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30699/ijmm.16.5.420","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Currently, HIV, HBV, and HIV/HBV co-infection are important global health issues. It has been estimated that 2.7 million people are co-infected with HIV and HBV worldwide. In recent years, miRNAs have shown promising results as a research area. The current study aimed to investigate the expression level of miRNA-122, miRNA-149, miRNA-199a, and miRNA-let7 in HIV, HBV, HIV/HBV co-infected patients, and healthy controls. Materials and Methods: In the current study, miRNA expression levels were assessed in PBMC obtained from patients by real-time PCR. Results: The miRNA-122 was significantly upregulated in HIV/HBV co-infection patients compared with other groups ( P <0.001). Also, miRNA-199a and miRNA-let7 were significantly down-regulated in all patient groups compared to the healthy controls ( P < 0.001). Correlation analysis demonstrated significant negative correlations between the expression level of miR- 149 and miR-199a with HIV viral load ( P <0.001) and HBV viral load, respectively ( P <0.01). Conclusion: This preliminary study could reflect a limited perspective on the field of the miRNAs in HBV and HIV infection. The study suggested further investigation to understand better the role of the miRNA in HIV and HBV infections.","PeriodicalId":14580,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48871373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Plant-Derived Prebiotic in Modulation of Human Gut Microflora: A Review","authors":"Khushboo Rajput, A. Dohroo, Inderpal Devgon, A. Karnwal","doi":"10.30699/ijmm.16.5.368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30699/ijmm.16.5.368","url":null,"abstract":"At the time of the coevolution of humans and microorganisms, the human digestive tract was colonized by thousands of species of bacteria. Mostly, intestine-borne microbes amount to the overall number of cells in the body tissue. The latest metagenomics study of the human intestinal microbiota confirmed the existence of some 3.3 million genes relative to only 23,000 genes found in tissue cells in the human body. There is increasing evidence for multiple beneficial functions of the gut microbiota in human health and illness. The best-described plant prebiotics is fructans and inulin. The best-known prebiotic carbohydrates comprise many plants, roots and tubers, and fruit crops, whereas prebiotic-richer grain crops contain maize, chickpea, lentil, lupin, and wheat. Some prebiotic enriched crop germplasm were documented in maize, chickpea, lentil, wheat, and yacon. Intestinal microbiota perturbation may contribute to persistent diseases such as autoimmune diseases, bowel cancers, stomach ulcers, colon disorders, and malnutrition. This can be impossible to recover the intestinal microbiome, but the usage of probiotics has contributed to a positive effect in a significant number of very well-designed (clinical) trials. Microbiomics has prompted a significant growth of interest in probiotics and prebiotics as potential mediators for the administration and regulation of gut microbiota in medicine, industry, and the general public. Developing prebiotic-rich healthy plants can mitigate the prevalent malnutrition challenge and facilitate worldwide global health. Bioinformatics and genomics tools may help to create mechanistic associations between gut microflora, a person's health status, and the outcomes of plant prebiotic drug treatments.","PeriodicalId":14580,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46753990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioinformatics Analysis to Designing a Multi-epitope-based Peptide Vaccine Combat Leishmania major","authors":"A. Karimi Rouzbahani, F. Kheirandish, Pejman Hashemzadeh","doi":"10.30699/ijmm.16.5.430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30699/ijmm.16.5.430","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a significant public health issue worldwide. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is the most prevalent in the world among the different types of leishmaniasis. Currently, available medications have had no discernible influence on the disease's progression. Up to now, there has been no approved cutaneous leishmaniasis vaccine. New developments in vaccination might be a potential way to come up with a vaccination that is successful for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Materials and Methods: This research was conducted to learn more about an effective vaccine for Leishmania major , the ailment's primary cause of CL, which was designed using computational methods. Thus, a multiepitope protein was designed by utilizing potential immune system epitopes, including predicted MHC class I, MHC class II, Cytotoxic T lymphocytes, B-cell, and Interferon-gamma epitopes of Cysteine protease b (CPB), Leishmania homologue of activated C kinase (LACK), and Kinetoplastid membrane protein-11 (KMP-11) antigenic proteins. In order to enhance vaccine immunogenicity, two resuscitation-promoting factors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were used as adjuvants. Final epitopes were matched with suitable linkers to construct the recombinant structure. The physicochemical and immune-based characteristics of the designed vaccine have been forecasted by using different tools. Moreover, homogeneity modeling was performed to obtain a high-quality 3D structure, followed by refinement and validation. Finally, the codon optimization based on E. coli resulted in a higher CAI value and optimal GC content, followed by combining it in the pET-14b cloning vector. Results: Evaluation of the various characteristics of the designed vaccine showed that it is an immunogenic and non-allergenic antigen that can induce immune responses against Leishmania major infection, which could be promising for cutaneous leishmaniasis. Conclusion: Research shows that a recombinant vaccine can be an effective candidate against cutaneous leishmaniasis.","PeriodicalId":14580,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45896557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Evaluation of Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Potential of Escherichia coli Obtained from Feces of Ornamental Birds in Guilan, Iran","authors":"Parastoo Akbari, L. Asadpour","doi":"10.30699/ijmm.16.5.405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30699/ijmm.16.5.405","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Ornamental birds can serve as a reservoir for the virulent and antibiotic-resistant bacterium Escherichia coli. They can also play a role in transmitting these strains to humans. Therefore, obtaining information regarding drug resistance and virulence potential of the bacteria isolated from ornamental birds can contribute to disease treatment or prevention of pathogen transmission to humans. The present study was conducted to investigate the pattern of antibiotic resistance and virulence of Escherichia coli bacterium isolated from ornamental birds in Guilan province, Iran. Materials and Methods: Escherichia coli isolates were obtained from the feces of 80 apparently healthy ornamental birds in Rasht (Guilan, Iran) and were identified based on culture and biochemical tests. The antibiotic resistance pattern was determined using the disk diffusion method, and the frequency of virulence genes was investigated in test isolates using polymerase chain reaction. Results: Overall, 32 E. coli isolates were obtained from fresh feces of ornamental birds. In this study, 14 isolates (43.75%) had multiple drug resistance, and one extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing isolate was identified. Isolates were most sensitive to gentamicin (90%), and the highest resistance was associated with penicillin (90%). The frequency of iro N, o mp T, hly F, iss, and iut A genes in fecal isolates of ornamental birds was 28.12%, 34.37%, 40.62%, 30%, and 43.75%, respectively, and 25% of isolates were identified as avian pathogenic E. coli . Conclusion: The results of this study indicate the virulence potential and drug resistance in fecal E. coli isolates in ornamental birds in Rasht. The spread of these strains in the environment can endanger the health of owners and the whole society.","PeriodicalId":14580,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48763828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biocides Susceptibility of Clinically Isolated Escherichia coli in Presence and Without Organic Material","authors":"Hamidreza Lotfi, T. Khalilzadeh, Maryam Damchi, Maryam Hassan","doi":"10.30699/ijmm.16.5.447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30699/ijmm.16.5.447","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Hospital-acquired infections are considered a major health concern worldwide because of the increasing morbidity and mortality rate. Hence, selecting the most efficient disinfectants in a clinic is crucial. This study evaluated the antibacterial efficacy of seven mostly used disinfectants against clinically isolated Escherichia coli . Materials and Methods: For this purpose, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of Aniosyme DD1 0.5%, Steranios 2%, Aniospray 29 and Surfanios 0.5% at Hazrat Valiasr hospital and PROSEPT ® Floor 0.75%, PROSEPT ® Instru 0.05% and PROSEPT ® Med used at Ayatollah Mousavi hospital were determined both in the presence and absence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) using microbroth dilution assay. Results: The results indicate that PROSEPT ® Med had the lowest MIC and MBC values, followed by Aniospray 29 and PROSEPT ® Instro, and the presence of BSA reduced antibacterial activities of disinfectants. Conclusion: The disinfectants applied at Ayatollah Mousavi hospital generally had higher antibacterial activities. Due to the importance of nosocomial pathogens at healthcare centers, selecting the most potent, fast-acting, and efficient disinfectants to prevent hospital-acquired infections is essential.","PeriodicalId":14580,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46244146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Booster Shot Is Still Effective Against Omicron Ba.4 and Ba.5 Subvariants","authors":"M. Norizadeh, O. Hajipour, Seyed Mohammad Reza Hashemian","doi":"10.30699/ijmm.16.5.488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30699/ijmm.16.5.488","url":null,"abstract":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a strain of coronavirus that causes COVID-19 that was first identified in Wuhan of, China, on 2019 (Coronaviridae Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, 2020). © Copyright © 2022, This is an original open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-noncommercial 4.0 International License which permits copy and redistribution of the material just in noncommercial usages with proper citation.","PeriodicalId":14580,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44311105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}