{"title":"Immunomodulatory Effects of Volatile Anesthetic Sevoflurane on Cardiomyocytes after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: Insights from Bioinformatics Analysis.","authors":"Weiming Liu, Mengyuan Liu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Volatile anesthetics, particularly sevoflurane, have demonstrated cardioprotective properties during cardiac surgery. However, their immunomodulatory mechanisms at the molecular level remain unclear. Given the close relationship between cardiac injury and immune responses, understanding how anesthetic agents influence immune-related pathways may provide new insights into perioperative myocardial protection. This study aimed to explore the immunological and molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of sevoflurane anesthesia on cardiomyocytes in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Gene expression data (GSE4386) from myocardial tissues of CABG patients anesthetized with sevoflurane or propofol were analyzed. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using R software, followed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. Protein-protein interaction networks were constructed to identify key immune-associated hub genes. A total of 211 DEGs were identified. Functional enrichment revealed that these genes were predominantly associated with immune and inflammatory processes, including leukocyte activation, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, neutrophil extracellular trap formation, and chemokine signaling pathways. Hub genes such as ITGAM, PTPRC, TYROBP, TLR2, and TLR4 were identified as central immune regulators potentially mediating the cardioprotective and immunomodulatory effects of sevoflurane. Sevoflurane anesthesia may confer myocardial protection after CABG by modulating immune-related signaling pathways and inflammatory gene expression. These findings highlight the immunoregulatory potential of volatile anesthetics, providing novel perspectives for immune-targeted strategies in perioperative cardiac management.</p>","PeriodicalId":14560,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of allergy, asthma, and immunology","volume":"25 4","pages":"594-601"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148420960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Armin Akbar, Hossein Asgarian-Omran, Reza Valadan, Ahmad Najafi, Ramin Shekarriz, Ehsan Zaboli, Mohammad Eslami-Jouybari, Hossein Karami, Mohammad Naderisoraki, Mohsen Tehrani
{"title":"CD8+ T Cells in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Show a Progenitor-exhausted Phenotype.","authors":"Armin Akbar, Hossein Asgarian-Omran, Reza Valadan, Ahmad Najafi, Ramin Shekarriz, Ehsan Zaboli, Mohammad Eslami-Jouybari, Hossein Karami, Mohammad Naderisoraki, Mohsen Tehrani","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exhausted T cells are phenotypically and functionally heterogeneous, from progenitor- to terminally-exhausted T cells. We evaluated gene expression profile of CD8+ T cells in acute leukemia to characterize the phenotype of exhausted T cells. Blood samples were collected from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients prior to treatment and from control subjects. Additionally, samples were obtained from ALL patients after induction therapy. TCF7, NFATc1, IRF4, and BATF gene expression was then evaluated in isolated CD8+ T cells. CD8+ T cells from ALL patients showed higher expression of TCF7 and NFATc1 compared to the control group. The two study groups did not have a significant difference in the expression of BATF and IRF4. When compared to the control group, CD8+ T cells of AML patients showed an elevated expression level of NAFTc1 and IRF4. Significant differences were not found between the two study groups in AML when it came to the expression of BATF and TCF7. To our findings, the majority of CD8+ T cells found in ALL patients consist of progenitor-exhausted T cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":14560,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of allergy, asthma, and immunology","volume":"25 4","pages":"529-539"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148420965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis of the Correlation between the Pan-immune Inflammation Value and the Prognosis of Patients with Endometrial Cancer.","authors":"Wenhua Wang, Yanbin Jin, Yongxiu Yang","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immune and inflammatory factors influence endometrial cancer outcomes, the pan-immune inflammation value (PIV) shows potential but remains underexplored. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between preoperative PIV, T cell subtypes, and surgical prognosis in endometrial cancer patients, providing insights for prognostic markers and predictive models. We conducted a prospective observational study involving 101 endometrial cancer patients from August 2022 to August 2024. Based on prognosis within 6 months post-surgery, patients were divided into good and poor prognosis groups. We compared clinical characteristics, inflammatory indices, and T cell immune profiles between the groups. The mean age of participants was 50.12 years, with 23 patients experiencing a poor prognosis. The poor prognosis group exhibited significantly higher proportions of advanced International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, larger tumor diameter, elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), and PIV. Conversely, this group showed lower proportions receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy, CD4+ T cells, and CD4+CD8+ T cell ratios. Notably, elevated PIV emerged as an independent risk factor for poor prognosis, while increased CD4+ T cell proportion and CD4+CD8+ ratio were protective. PIV is significantly associated with poor prognosis in endometrial cancer, serving as an independent risk factor. Higher CD4+ T cell counts and CD4+:CD8+ ratios provide protective benefits. The constructed logistic regression model demonstrates strong predictive capability for post-surgical outcomes. However, limitations, including sample size and short follow-up, necessitate further investigation in larger cohorts.</p>","PeriodicalId":14560,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of allergy, asthma, and immunology","volume":"25 4","pages":"565-575"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148420898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lina Zeng, Jianjun Tang, Tao Deng, Qijie Liu, Huimin Zhao
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Lung Ultrasound Scoring and Oxygen Methods for Neonatal Mechanical Ventilation.","authors":"Lina Zeng, Jianjun Tang, Tao Deng, Qijie Liu, Huimin Zhao","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of targeted lung recruitment and the titration of optimal positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in neonates under the guidance of lung ultrasound. The atelectasis neonates from June 2022 to June 2024 in the Neonatology Department of People's Hospital of Pidu were collected and randomly divided into a lung ultrasound scoring (LUS) group and an oxygen (OXY) group, both of which were given mechanical ventilation treatment. The lung recruitment and optimal PEEP were performed by the LUS and OXY methods, respectively. The optimal PEEP and the respiratory and hemodynamic indexes of the two groups were compared before and after lung recruitment and after the optimal PEEP was titrated. After the intervention, the dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn) in the LUS group increased by 38.2% compared with the baseline (from 30.6 ± 4.3 to 42.3 ± 5.1 mL/cmH2O), which was significantly higher than the 21.4% increase in the OXY group (from 29.8 ± 4.1 to 35.6 ± 4.8 mL/cmH2O). The improvement in PaO2/FiO2 in the LUS group was 22.5% higher than in the OXY group. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups. Lung ultrasound can guide neonatal lung recruitment and optimal PEEP titration, improving lung compliance and oxygenation without affecting the safety of treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":14560,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of allergy, asthma, and immunology","volume":"25 4","pages":"554-564"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148420951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Neoantigens in Cancer Immunotherapy: An Overview with a Focus on Non-small Cell Lung Cancer and Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.","authors":"Fatemeh Eskandari-Malayeri, Sajjad Shekarchian, Esmaeil Mortaz","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) figure prominently in the list of prevalent and resistant cancers that reveal significant differences in response to immunotherapy. Neoantigens, specific antigens resulting from tumor mutations, play an important role in provoking immune responses and the success of immunotherapy. This review scrutinizes the quantitative and qualitative differences in neoantigens in NSCLC and PDAC and their impact on the efficacy of immunotherapy. The evidence suggests that the higher mutational burden, greater diversity, and different quality of neoantigens in NSCLC compared with PDAC are among the key drivers contributing to the enhanced susceptibility to immunotherapy in this cancer. These differences could pave the way for the development of personalized therapies and novel strategies to improve treatment outcomes in resistant cancers.</p>","PeriodicalId":14560,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of allergy, asthma, and immunology","volume":"25 4","pages":"462-474"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148420931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Clinical Manifestations and Genetic Findings in Three Patients with Chediak-Higashi Syndrome: Highlighting the Splice Site Variants.","authors":"Shaghayegh Tajik, Anne Molitor, Zahra Alizadeh, Mohammad Reza Fazlollahi, Raphael Carapito, Maryam Akbari, Mohsen Badalzadeh, Massoud Houshmand, Mostafa Moin, Seiamak Bahram, Zahra Pourpak","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chédiak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by severe immunodeficiency, partial albinism, recurrent infections, and progressive neurologic dysfunction. Unless patients undergo successful hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), a majority of them die during childhood because of an accelerated phase of immune dysfunction and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). Herein, we aim to describe the laboratory diagnosis, clinical manifestations, and genetic findings in three patients with CHS. Three patients with partial albinism associated with CHS were included in this study. Immunological screening tests were done. Leukocyte granules in peripheral blood smear (PBS) and hair shafts were examined. Subsequently, genetic analyses were performed by Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) followed by Sanger sequencing for all patients and their parents. Initial immunology screening tests were within normal limits. Light microscopy studies of patients' PBS showed giant granules in the leukocyte cytoplasm. Furthermore, there were evenly distributed melanin granules in the patients' hair shafts. Variant analysis of the LYST gene identified three splicing site defects: one known variant, c.7060-1G>A in intron 24, and two novel variants, c.2363+2T>C in intron 5, and c.10702-3A>G in intron 47. Hair shaft assay and PBS are rapid and suitable tests in early diagnosis and differentiation in CHS patients. WES results revealed 2 novel splice site variants that might contribute to earlier and more accurate diagnosis. This facilitates early enrolment of CHS patients in the HCT protocol-the optimal treatment path-and enables prenatal diagnosis for affected families.</p>","PeriodicalId":14560,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of allergy, asthma, and immunology","volume":"25 4","pages":"576-582"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148420948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hongyi Shao, Jianfeng Zhang, Dayong Wu, Xiaoyang Zhang, Chunqiong Hu
{"title":"Role of Mannose-binding Lectin-2 Promoter Genetic Variants in Susceptibility to Sepsis: A Meta and Trial Sequential Analysis.","authors":"Hongyi Shao, Jianfeng Zhang, Dayong Wu, Xiaoyang Zhang, Chunqiong Hu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a critical component of the innate immune system, serving a vital role in the body's initial defense against pathogens. Sepsis, a severe condition triggered by an excessive immune response to infection, has been linked to variations in the MBL2 gene that affect MBL levels and functionality. Numerous studies across various populations have examined the role of MBL-2 promoter polymorphisms (H>L and Y>X), but their results have been conflicting. This study aims to investigate the genetic connection between MBL promoter polymorphisms and susceptibility to sepsis through a meta-analysis of previously published articles. A thorough literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect to locate relevant articles for the meta-analysis. Rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria were implemented to ensure data accuracy. All analyses were performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software v4. Seven studies were included, examining the role of MBL-2 promoter genetic variants in sepsis (H>L: n=3, sepsis cases: 449, control: 687; Y>X: n=6, sepsis cases: 1211, control: 1694). Egger's regression analysis and funnel plots suggested no publication bias. Heterogeneity analysis indicated homogeneity among the data. The meta-analysis showed no association between MBL-2 promoter variants and susceptibility to sepsis. The trial sequential analysis highlighted the need for further studies on MBL-2 promoter variants in sepsis to draw a definitive conclusion. The promoter variants of the MBL-2 gene (H>L and Y>X) do not appear to increase the risk of sepsis. Further investigation is needed to confirm this conclusion, including more participants from diverse populations and larger sample sizes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14560,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of allergy, asthma, and immunology","volume":"25 4","pages":"475-488"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148421024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mozhgan Moghtaderi, Abbas Rezaianzadeh, Seyed Hesamedin Nabavizadeh, Zahra Kanannejad, Zahra Khosravizadegan, Kimia Asnaashari
{"title":"Allergies and Lung Cancer: Exploring the Association with Allergic Rhinitis.","authors":"Mozhgan Moghtaderi, Abbas Rezaianzadeh, Seyed Hesamedin Nabavizadeh, Zahra Kanannejad, Zahra Khosravizadegan, Kimia Asnaashari","doi":"10.18502/ijaai.v25i3.21251","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijaai.v25i3.21251","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Allergy and lung cancer are two distinct health concerns. While allergies are typically associated with heightened immune activity, such immune responses may also influence the tumor microenvironment. This study aimed to investigate a potential link between allergic conditions and the risk of lung cancer. We conducted a case-control study analyzing 82 histologically confirmed lung cancer patients and 82 healthy controls from 2019 to 2022. Data were collected through structured questionnaires assessing asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR), food/drug allergies, and chronic urticaria. Statistical analyses included independent samples t-tests and chi-square tests, with significance set at a predetermined threshold. We observed a significant inverse association between AR and lung cancer (8.54% vs 47.56% in controls; OR=0.14, 95% CI: 0.06-0.32). No significant associations were found for asthma (7.32% vs 3.66%), chronic urticaria (3.66% vs 3.66%), drug allergy (4.88% vs 1.22%), or food allergy (2.44% vs 6.10%). The association between AR and lung cancer remained robust after adjustment for demographic factors. AR demonstrated a strong negative association with lung cancer, suggesting potential protective mechanisms distinct from other allergic conditions. These findings support the growing evidence for allergy-cancer immunomodulatory interactions and highlight the need for mechanistic studies on AR-specific pathways in oncogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14560,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of allergy, asthma, and immunology","volume":"25 3","pages":"286-292"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147929527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abbas Khalili, Zahra Estakhri, Ali Shams, Yeganeh Lalehzari
{"title":"The Elevated Eosinophil Counts and Neutrophils/Lymphocytes Ratio as Predicting Biomarkers in Non-responders, Chronic Spontaneous Urticarial Patients to Cetirizine/Famotidine Treatment.","authors":"Abbas Khalili, Zahra Estakhri, Ali Shams, Yeganeh Lalehzari","doi":"10.18502/ijaai.v25i3.21253","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijaai.v25i3.21253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The responses of patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) to regular therapeutic options vary. While these methods are effective for some patients, many do not respond successfully. Despite several studies conducted to identify immunologic and inflammatory biomarkers in patients that can predict response, our current knowledge is insufficient. This study aimed to identify biomarkers that may predict therapeutic response. The present interventional study evaluated 61 moderate-to-severe CSU patients aged 20 to 50 years who presented to our clinic from January 2024 to January 2025. Peripheral blood samples, serum, and plasma were collected to measure inflammatory and immunological variables, and were analyzed at a reference laboratory. Subsequently, patients were treated with cetirizine 10 mg every 12 hours and famotidine 40 mg every night. After 1month, urticarial severity was reassessed using the same questionnaire. Severity scores were compared between patients with elevated biomarkers and those with normal levels. Sixty-one patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria were enrolled; 77% female and 23% male. Forty-one patients experienced a good response to treatment, while 20 patients did not. The average (Urticaria Activity Score) UAS7 scores before and after treatment were 27.72 and 12.67, respectively. Among the serum biomarkers evaluated, only the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and serum eosinophil count showed a significant relationship with treatment response. To conclude, a high eosinophil count and NLR may serve as predictors of a poor clinical response to antihistamine therapy. However, further clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":14560,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of allergy, asthma, and immunology","volume":"25 3","pages":"293-302"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147929597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Phenotypic Diversity of Chronic Granulomatous Disease within a Family Carrying the Same NCF1 Gene Mutation.","authors":"Sarvin Yazdizadeh, Mohammad Saberi, Abdollah Karimi, Samin Sharafian, Sedigheh Rafiei Tabatabaei, Sahar Seraj, Maryam Sadat Seyedmehdi, Shahrzad Fallah","doi":"10.18502/ijaai.v25i3.21264","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijaai.v25i3.21264","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD) is a defect or abnormality in the immune system that produces severe and persistent signs and symptoms in affected individuals. Phenotypic diversity and genetic heterogeneity exist among patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI). Symptoms may vary even when the mutations are identical; conversely, patients with different mutations may have similar clinical features. The expression of phenotype may be determined by the gene sequence, epigenetic changes, and sometimes environmental factors. Some of these outcomes are influenced by the individual's past immunological exposure. This study discusses two CGD cases, a father and son; after the diagnosis of CGD in the child and confirmation of the genetic mutation, the same mutation was also identified in the father. Therefore, physicians should have more awareness that a single genetic mutation can have different clinical manifestations.</p>","PeriodicalId":14560,"journal":{"name":"Iranian journal of allergy, asthma, and immunology","volume":"25 3","pages":"455-461"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147929645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}