European Review of International Studies最新文献_第9页

Blame and Complicity in International Relations: Making Non-intervention Morally Bearable 国际关系中的指责与共谋:使不干涉在道德上可以承受

European Review of International Studies Pub Date : 2020-12-17 DOI: 10.1163/21967415-BJA10025

E. Rousseau, Thierry Braspenning-Balzacq

{"title":"Blame and Complicity in International Relations: Making Non-intervention Morally Bearable","authors":"E. Rousseau, Thierry Braspenning-Balzacq","doi":"10.1163/21967415-BJA10025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21967415-BJA10025","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000On various occasions, states have condemned other nations or groups for mass atrocities they commit; but this rarely leads to any step to redress the untoward situation. This article therefore asks: What functions does blame serve when the blamers lack – or are reluctant to use – the power or authority to punish transgressors? Unlike approaches that focus on the effects of blaming on the wrongdoer, we argue that openly attributing responsibility for wrongdoings to another state or non-state actor has become a normative strategy to shape the way a government is perceived domestically and abroad. Specifically, international blame serves two main objectives: an immediate, communicative function, that is, to express moral protest, and a future-oriented purpose, that is, to dispel future indictment of complicity. We suggest that a corollary of this normative strategy is to make non-intervention morally acceptable. Thus, while in principle the blamer might stand up for the violated norm and value the victims, the strategic use of blame tends to legitimate inaction, by diverting attention away from blaming’s deontic commitments. The article therefore warns against the instrumental use of blame as an act of supererogation (that is, an act that is not compulsory but whose performance is praiseworthy), and as a form of moral clearance (whereby the blamer acknowledges the issue but leaves responsibility for finding solution to the international society). Rather, while blaming ascribes responsibility for the act to an agent, we argue, it also puts the blamer in a specific moral situation: the necessity to take measures that interrupt the unfolding action. Our analysis leads us to put forward a plausible norm that broadens the scope of complicity in international politics: states become complicit in the wrongdoing of other actors (states or non-states) whenever they violate moral obligations that blaming demands. In other words, to blame is to commit oneself to act, though the exact nature of this action varies.","PeriodicalId":145597,"journal":{"name":"European Review of International Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116492708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Introduction – Plausible, Norms of Warfare: Reducing the Gap Between the Normative and the Empirical 引言-似是而非，战争规范:缩小规范与经验之间的差距

European Review of International Studies Pub Date : 2020-12-17 DOI: 10.1163/21967415-BJA10027

Ariel Colonomos, Richard Beardsworth

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引用次数: 0

Why cosmopolitan war is an ethics of fantasy? 为什么世界大战是一种幻想的伦理?

European Review of International Studies Pub Date : 2020-12-17 DOI: 10.1163/21967415-BJA10028

Renaud-Philippe Garner

{"title":"Why cosmopolitan war is an ethics of fantasy?","authors":"Renaud-Philippe Garner","doi":"10.1163/21967415-BJA10028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21967415-BJA10028","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article argues that Fabre’s cosmopolitan war is implausible because it ignores the psychological realities of war. Building on J.L. Mackie’s notion of an ‘ethics of fantasy’ – a morality reduced to lip-service and incapable of action-guiding – I argue that a view based on a flawed view of either human agency or the context in which it is exercised is doomed to practical irrelevance. In rejecting patriotism and advancing a highly individualistic view of war, Fabre relies upon a highly flawed view of human agency, ignoring the psychological mechanism of depersonalisation essential to large-scale cooperation and the practice of war.\u0000In Part i, I offer an initial account of what an ‘ethics of fantasy’ is and offer one major reason why certain moralities fail as practical guidance. In Part ii, I contrast Fabre’s moral cosmopolitanism with ancient cosmopolitanism; I focus on her rejection of patriotism and other identity-based forms of partiality. In Part iii, I summarise key findings, mostly in social psychology, on how large-scale social cooperation is achieved. I highlight the central role of depersonalisation and its felicity conditions. In Part iv, I argue that Fabre’s view faces a dilemma. Either her cosmopolitanism is compatible with identity-based partiality, or it is not. If not, then she does not even have a view of war given that large-scale cooperation requires it. If her view is compatible, then she needs a functional replacement for patriotism. I conclude by showing that the alternatives fail to satisfy the felicity conditions of depersonalisation which war requires.","PeriodicalId":145597,"journal":{"name":"European Review of International Studies","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114636306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From Reprisals to Criminal Accountability: State Bias and the Prospects of Limiting War Through Law 从报复到刑事责任:国家偏见和通过法律限制战争的前景

European Review of International Studies Pub Date : 2020-12-17 DOI: 10.1163/21967415-BJA10026

Pablo Kalmanovitz

引用次数: 0

The Politicisation of Security: Controversy, Mobilisation, Arena Shifting 安全的政治化:争议、动员、舞台转移

European Review of International Studies Pub Date : 2020-06-25 DOI: 10.1163/21967415-BJA10008

David Cadier

引用次数: 2

Editors’ Foreword∵ Editors’Foreword∵

European Review of International Studies Pub Date : 2020-06-25 DOI: 10.1163/21967415-00701001

Christopher Hill, Christian Lequesne

引用次数: 0