Cell Biology and Development最新文献

{"title":"Effect of cypermethrin insecticide on root chromosome morphometry of scallion (Allium fistulosum)","authors":"Fesa Asy Syifa Nurul Haq, N. Etikawati, Solichatun Solichatun","doi":"10.13057/cellbioldev/v070101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/cellbioldev/v070101","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Haq FAN, Etikawati N, Solichatun. 2023. Effect of cypermethrin insecticide on root chromosome morphometry of scallion (Allium fistulosum). Cell Biol Dev 7: 14-21. Farmers in Tawangmangu, Karanganyar, Central Java, Indonesia, commonly use a pesticide known as cypermethrin insecticide whenever growing scallion (Allium fistulosum L.). If used at excessive levels, cypermethrin pesticide can be fatal to plants. Chromosome morphological changes are an indicator of cypermethrin insecticide's toxicity. Chromosomal morphometry, the study of chromosomal size and shape, can provide an overall picture of the quality of a plant's development. This research aimed to evaluate cypermethrin insecticide's impact on A. fistulosum root chromosomal morphometrics. Information gleaned from chromosomal morphometry includes chromosome shape, chromosome size, aberration type, chromosomal aberration index, relative asymmetry index, relative centromere index, and mitotic chromosome index. The concentration of cypermethrin was the sole independent variable in this study, which used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) factorial arrangement. Long green onions were treated with varying concentrations of cypermethrin for up to four weeks: 0 mg/L, 0.05 mg/L, 0.10 mg/L, 0.15 mg/L, 0.20 mg/L, and 0.25 mg/L. The squash method was used to prepare the plant's apex roots. The root chromosomal visualization output was subjected to quantitative and qualitative descriptive analysis. The mitotic index decreased, and the chromosome aberration index increased after exposure to cypermethrin pesticides. The higher the concentration of the pesticide cypermethrin, the lower the mitotic index and the greater the chromosome aberration index. Long green onion root cells exposed to cypermethrin insecticide underwent chromosomal aberrations that could be identified qualitatively. Sticky chromosomes, chromosome bridge, chromosome agglutination, disrupted metaphase, disturbed anaphase, and hypoploid cell are examples of chromosomal aberrations.","PeriodicalId":145551,"journal":{"name":"Cell Biology and Development","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124767445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gamma irradiation effect on the microbial load and physicochemical properties of honey from Ghana","authors":"D. Adotey, C. Klutse","doi":"10.13057/cellbioldev/v060205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/cellbioldev/v060205","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Larbi DA, Klutse CK, Adotey DK. 2022. Gamma irradiation effect on the microbial load and physicochemical properties of honey from Ghana. Cell Biol Dev 6: 94-107. The honey's high sugar concentration and low pH give it antimicrobial properties and make it difficult for microorganisms to grow. This study is to ascertain microorganisms' presence in Ghanaian honey, the sources of microbial contamination, the physico-chemical properties of honey, and the effect of gamma radiation on the microbial load. Furthermore, 90 honey samples were collected from Brong Ahafo, Ashanti, and Greater Accra, Ghana, with 30 from each region. Honey was sampled directly from the beehive with the comb before the farmer harvested, and honey was sampled from retailers who buy directly from the farmer. The effect of gamma radiation on the microbial load was studied using a 60Co source gamma irradiation facility at doses of 20 kGy, 30 kGy, and 40 kGy on the presence of microbes and the physicochemical properties (pH, reducing sugar, apparent sucrose, and ash content) of honey. The pH values obtained for the Honey Comb samples were in the range of 3.6-3.9, and the pH for the Retail samples was in the range of 4.9-5.6. Microorganisms were not detected in about 70% of the honey sampled directly from the honeycomb. The mean microbial count in the remaining 30% was within the range of 30-35%, whereas all the honey sampled from the retailers was contaminated with microbes. The mean microbial counts in the retailer samples were 148 CFU/g, 183 CFU/g, and 271 CFU/g for Ashanti, Brong Ahafo, and Greater Accra Regions, respectively. These values were significantly higher than the required maximum relative to the MERCOSUR (Mercado Comun del SUR) standard (? 100 CFU/g). The low level of microbial detection in the Honey Comb samples (30-35 CFU/g) could be due to their relatively low pH levels (3.6-3.9) compared to the retailer samples with pH within 4.9-5.6. The ash content of all the honey sampled and analyzed was within the required standard, with an average of 0.16% in the honeycomb samples and an average of 0.62% for the retail samples. The apparent sucrose concentration (in percentage) in honey sampled from the retailers was within the range of 22-33%, which is beyond the required maximum as stipulated by the CODEX Alimentarius Commission (? 10%). The study showed that a 20 kGy gamma radiation dose was enough to denature the microbes and preserve the honey's essential qualities. Finally, to ensure good quality honey on the Ghanaian market, it is recommended that honey meant for human consumption should undergo gamma irradiation (cold pasteurization).","PeriodicalId":145551,"journal":{"name":"Cell Biology and Development","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116035574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity of plant-parasitic nematodes in potato fields at different altitudes in Probolinggo District, East Java, Indonesia","authors":"A. P. Pradana, Geby Nandita Cahyaning Pratiwi, Wagiyana Wagiyana","doi":"10.13057/cellbioldev/v060202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/cellbioldev/v060202","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Prada AP, Pratiwi GNC, Wagiyana. 2022. Diversity of plant-parasitic nematodes in potato fields at different altitudes in Probolinggo District, East Java, Indonesia. Cell Biol Dev 6: 61-67. Plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are microorganisms sensitive to environmental conditions. Therefore, plant parasitic nematode diversity in a field may affect the decision of effective management tactics. This study aimed to assess the diversity of plant parasitic nematodes in potato fields at three different altitudes. The study was carried out in Probolinggo District, East Java, Indonesia. The sampling area was divided into three groups based on altitude variations, namely 1,008 m asl., 1,413 m asl., and 1,875 m asl. Soil samples were collected randomly in a zigzag pattern. Samples were collected from 20 points across each field at a depth of 20-30 cm below the soil surface. Each sub-sample included up to 500 g of soil. The white head tray method extracted nematodes from 500 g of soil from each subsample. After characterizing the extracted nematodes, the absolute density and dominance values were determined. The results revealed variations in the three areas with different altitudes. The total number of plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN) discovered on the field at an altitude of 1,008 m asl. was 57.00 ± 16.43. Furthermore, at an altitude of 1,413 m asl., the total number of PPNs discovered is 41.67 ± 10.98. The total number of nematodes on the field at an altitude of 1,875 m asl. was 50.50 ± 12.60. The findings of this study also indicated that Meloidogyne sp. was the genus with the highest population on the field, at an altitude of 1,008 m asl. On the other hand, Pratylenchus sp. is the most abundant nematode in the field between 1,413 and 1,875 m asl. An identical situation also occurred with the nematode dominance values in the three fields studied.","PeriodicalId":145551,"journal":{"name":"Cell Biology and Development","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116142923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactions between soil additives and a variety of naturally occurring nematode-demolishing fungi in banana fields of Meru and Embu Counties, Kenya","authors":"Wangu Jane Wairimu, John W. Kimenjul, W. Muiru, P. Wachira","doi":"10.13057/cellbioldev/v060204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/cellbioldev/v060204","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Wairimu WJ, Kimenjul JW, Muiru WM, Wachira PM. 2022. Interactions between soil additives and a variety of naturally occurring nematode-demolishing fungi in banana fields of Meru and Embu Counties, Kenya. Cell Biol Dev 6: 82-93. Plant-parasitic nematodes pose a significant danger to banana production, as they reduce the productivity, quality, and lifetime of banana orchards. This study aimed to evaluate the diversity, quantity, and occurrence of nematode-demolishing fungi in banana production farms to use them to manage plant-parasitic nematodes. Also examined was the impact of organic and inorganic soil additives on nematode-demolishing fungi. The study region was divided into three agroecological zones: UM3 (Low), UM2 (Middle), and UM 1 (Upper). Ten farms were chosen randomly for a soil sample in each zone to determine the diversity and abundance of nematode-demolishing fungi. One farm was chosen randomly for soil additive treatments in each zone. The gathered soil samples were used to isolate and identify nematode-demolishing fungi at the species level. The diversity of nematode-demolishing fungi varied significantly between zones, with the highest variety and number of fungi found in the highest zone. Arthrobotrys, Monacrosporium, Nematoctonus, Harposporium, and Paecilomyces were the identified genera. Arthrobotrys was the most often isolated genus, with a frequency of 45%, followed by Harposporium, with a frequency of 18%. The remaining three genera each had a frequency of 9%. The A. dactyloides, A. oligospora, A. robusta, A. longispora, A. superba, H. anguillulae, H. crassum, Meria coniospora, Monacrosporium cionopagum, N. leiosporus, and P. lilacinus were among the species identified. The A. oligospora had captured and destroyed 98 plant parasite nematodes, whereas M. cionopagum and Dactyllela phymatopaga had eliminated 88 and 76 plant parasitic nematodes, respectively, within the same time frame. The amount of nematode-demolishing fungi was significantly different between the various soil additives, with chicken dung having the greatest number of 74 isolates, followed by cow manure, goat manure, the control treatment, and inorganic additive with 71, 69, 54, and 39 isolates, respectively. The amount of isolated nematode-demolishing fungi fluctuated throughout time, from 89 pre-treatment isolates to 122 after three months and 96 after six months. The variation of nematode-demolishing fungi over time was significantly different, demonstrating the impact of diverse soil additives on their existence. Arthrobotrys spp. is a suitable option for field efficacy studies since it was the most diversified, had the highest demolishing rate, and the organic additives facilitated its dispersion in banana plantations.","PeriodicalId":145551,"journal":{"name":"Cell Biology and Development","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121223578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective decontamination and multiplication of Croton membranaceus in vitro","authors":"I. A. Adukonu, K. O. Ayeh, E. Acheampong","doi":"10.13057/cellbioldev/v060203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/cellbioldev/v060203","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Adukonu IA, Ayeh KO, Acheampong E. 2022. Effective decontamination and multiplication of Croton membranaceus in vitro. Cell Biol Dev 6: 68-81. Croton membranaceus Müll. Arg. is a useful herb with medicinal properties, and its leaves, roots, and bark are used to treat diverse ailments. However, the harvesting method by traditional medical practitioners without replacement exposes it to extinction. Therefore, the only means of propagating is by relatively slow use of seeds, and an alternative propagation method is needed for field establishment and nursery. Therefore, this study aims at determining an effective propagation by sterilization regime and subsequent in vitro regeneration using different explants; intact seeds, isolated embryos, coatless seeds, and nodal-cutting. The explants were decontaminated using double sterilization; the best was achieved by pre-treatment with 70% ethanol for 3 min before immersion in sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). Intact seeds were effectively decontaminated by immersion in 15% NaOCl solution for 20 min, then by 10% NaOCl for 15 min. Conversely, coatless seeds were effectively decontaminated when isolated from intact seeds immersed in 20% NaOCl solution for 20 min and 15% NaOCl for 15 min. Further, embryos isolated from intact seeds were effectively decontaminated in 20% NaOCl for 15 min, then by 15% NaOCl for 10 min sequentially. These sterilization regimes successfully decontaminated 86% intact seeds, 100% isolated embryos, and 80% coatless seeds. Nodal-cutting explants were best decontaminated by immersion in 20% NaOCl solution for 15 min, followed by 15% NaOCl for 10 min sequentially without ethanol pre-treatment. This sterilization regime successfully decontaminated 100% of the nodal-cutting explants. However, the development of shoot explants varied in response to sterilization. Intact seeds did not develop into shoots, while isolated embryos, coatless seeds, and nodal-cutting explants developed into shoots independent of the sterilization regime. Shoot development was highest with the medium’s shoot-tip explants added with BAP, NAA, and GA3. Shoot multiplication was best achieved on an MS basal medium with 5.0 ?M BAP, 0.5 ?M NAA, and 5.0 ?M GA3 amendment.","PeriodicalId":145551,"journal":{"name":"Cell Biology and Development","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116955654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variations in growth, proline content, and nitrate reductase activity of Canna edulis at different water availability","authors":"Wintang Nugraheni, Solichatun Solichatun, N. Etikawati","doi":"10.13057/cellbioldev/v030105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/cellbioldev/v030105","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Nugraheni W, Solichatun, Etikawati N. 2019. Variations in growth, proline content, and nitrate reductase activity of Canna edulis at different water availability. Cell Biol Dev 3: 30-39. Information on the physiological characteristics of Indian shot (Canna edulis Ker Gawl.), especially regarding the effect of water availability in its cultivation, is still limited. This study aims to determine the effect of variations in water availability on growth, proline content, and nitrate reductase activity in two intraspecies variations of C. edulis. Information on the physiological characteristics of C. edulis can be used as a basis for plant breeding efforts to optimize their cultivation. The study was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD) with one factor, particularly water availability (A1=100% FC, A2=75% FC, A3=50% FC), with 3 replications for each intraspecies variation. The treatment of variations in water availability was given by watering once a day for 3 months. The data obtained for each intraspecies variation were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Suppose there was a significant difference between the treatments for variations in water availability. In that case, it is followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a 5% level. In contrast, the data obtained on both intraspecies variations were analyzed by t-test to compare the response of the two intraspecies variations towards variations in water availability. The research results on each intraspecies variation of C. edulis showed that the treatment of variations in water availability affected growth, proline content, and nitrate reductase activity. In the variables of the number of leaves, leaf area, respiration rate, plant height, gross plant weight, and plant dry weight, the optimal growth is at 100% FC water availability. Proline content and nitrate reductase activity were influenced by variations in water availability, with the highest proline accumulation at 50% FC water availability, while the highest nitrate reductase activity was at 100% FC water availability. Both intraspecies variations of C. edulis plants have the same growth response, proline content, and nitrate reductase activity towards variations in water availability.","PeriodicalId":145551,"journal":{"name":"Cell Biology and Development","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128302719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological characters of Sisyrinchium palmifolium with fertilization treatment and IAA hormone","authors":"Eliza Nur Alifah, Widya Mudyantini, Solichatun Solichatun","doi":"10.13057/cellbioldev/v060201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/cellbioldev/v060201","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Alifah EN, Mudyantini W, Solichatun. 2022. Physiological characteristics of Sisyrinchium palmifolium with fertilization treatment and IAA hormone. Cell Biol Dev 6: 51-60. Dayak onion (Sisyrinchium palmifolium L., Syn.: Eleutherine palmifolia L. Merr.) is a typical Central Kalimantan, Indonesia medicinal plant. Optimizing the function of the S. palmifolium is done to increase cultivation and community interest; more fertilization and growth regulator treatments are needed to accelerate plant growth. In this study, the physiological properties of S. palmifolium will be examined regarding fertilization and the IAA (Indole Acetic Acid) hormone. CRD factorial pattern with four levels of fertilization variation (soil; soil + chicken manure (1:1); soil + vermicompost fertilizer (1:1); soil + chicken manure + vermicompost (1:1:1)) and three levels of hormone concentration (0 ppm; 100 ppm; 200 ppm) resulting in 12 treatment combinations which are used in this experiment. It was repeated three times for each therapy. It was shown that the number and length of leaves, the number of flowers and their flowering time, bulb weights, chlorophyll content, and flavonoid levels were all correlated with the number of leaves. The data were examined for significant changes between the treatments using the Analysis of Variant (ANOVA) and Duncan's Multiple Test (DMRT) at a 5% significance level. The physiological and biochemical features were altered by fertilization and the IAA hormone. The IAA hormone and fertilization on S. palmifolium enhanced the number of leaves, their width, the ratio of shoot roots to roots, and flavonoids. The maximum yields of wet weight, dry weight, and leaf carotenoids were obtained with vermicompost (1: 1) and a hormone at 200 ppm (P2H2) adding. Combining vermicompost treatment with the IAA hormone produced the highest level of flavonoids (P2H0).","PeriodicalId":145551,"journal":{"name":"Cell Biology and Development","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129344422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of colchicine on chromosome number, morphological character and ß-carotene production of Amaranthus tricolor’s red giti cultivar","authors":"Adisty Arindyaswari, N. Etikawati, S. Suratman","doi":"10.13057/cellbioldev/v050103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/cellbioldev/v050103","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Arindyaswari A, Etikawati N, Suratman. 2021. Effect of colchicine on chromosome number, morphological character and ß-carotene production of Amaranthus tricolor’s red giti cultivar. Cell Biol Dev 5: 18-24. Amaranthus tricolor L. (bayam cabut or pulled spinach) is a vegetable consisting of ß-carotene, which acts as an antioxidant. Therefore, amaranths have potential as a functional food. ß-carotene production in a plant can be enhanced with mutation, one of which is mutation induction with colchicine. The aim of this research was to understand the effect of colchicine on chromosome number, morphological character and production of ß-carotene in A. tricolor of red giti cultivar and to find out which variation of treatment was optimum for producing polyploidy. This research was expected to give information about colchicine induced in amaranths, which had higher nutritional aspects and quality to be consumed. Amaranths seeds with colchicine treatment were done with various concentrations (0, 50, 100, 200, 500) ppm with soaking time variation of 6 and 12 hours, and then planted up to 40 days later. The number of chromosomes was analyzed by making preparation using the squash method, then observed under a microscope. Morphological characters were observed by measuring leaf length and width, stem diameter, and plant height. ß-carotene content was analyzed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer with a wavelength of 450 nm. Data on leaf size, stem diameter, plant height, chromosome number, and ß-carotene content were analyzed using a one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results obtained were amaranths with the treatment of concentration 50 ppm with 6 hours soaked in colchicine and concentration 100 ppm with 12 hours soaked in colchicine showed significant changes to the induction of colchicine, which had a polyploidy character with several 3n = 51. Amaranths with the treatment of concentration 100 ppm with 12 hours soaked in colchicine solution were more effective in increasing the size of length, width of amaranths leaf, stem diameter, and stem height, while treatment of concentration 50 ppm with 6 hours soaked in colchicine solution was effective in increasing ß-carotene production up to 908,40±116,800 mg/kg. Statistical analysis of each morphological character and ß-carotene production of colchicine-induced amaranths shows significant results.","PeriodicalId":145551,"journal":{"name":"Cell Biology and Development","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125341753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of giving nanochitosan preparations ethanol extract of neem leaves (Azadirachta indica) against pancreatic histology of white rat male (Rattus norvegicus) Sprague Dawley","authors":"S. Handayani, A. J. Sitasiwi, S. Isdadiyanto, Siti Muflicatun Mardiati","doi":"10.13057/cellbioldev/v060103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/cellbioldev/v060103","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Handayani S, Sitasiwi AJ, Isdadiyanto S, Mardiati SM. 2022. Effect of giving nanochitosan preparations ethanol extract of neem leaves (Azadirachta indica) against pancreatic histology of white rat male (Rattus norvegicus) Sprague Dawley. Cell Biol Dev 6: 13-19. The selection of herbal plants as a treatment in the community is considered safer, more practical, and cheaper than synthetic drugs. Neem (Azadirachta indica A.Juss.) is one of the herbal plants that have the potential as an antioxidant. However, the low bioavailability of drugs and the distribution of active compounds in herbal plants are constraints in administering drugs orally. The solution to overcome this problem is to prepare the test material in the form of nanochitosan. This study aimed to analyze the effect of nanochitosan ethanol extract of neem (A. indica) leaf extract on the pancreas histology of male Sprague Dawley rats. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 32 rats aged 2 months divided into 4 treatments, and each treatment consisted of 6 replications. P0 (normal rat group treated with 2 mL distilled water, P1 (normal rats induced with Natrium tripolifosfat \"NaTPP\" and 2 mL chitosan), P2 (normal rat group induced by nanochitosan neem leaf ethanol extract 1:0.5), P3 (normal rat group induced nanochitosan ethanol extract of neem leaves 1:1). Data were analyzed by ANOVA test with a significance level of 5%. Data that were not normally distributed were tested by the Kruskal Wallis test and Duncan's test. The results showed that the administration of nanochitosan ethanol extract of neem leaves 1:0.5 and 1:1 had no significant effect on the diameter parameter of the islets of Langerhans (P?0.05) but had a significant effect on the parameters of pancreatic weight and damage scoring of the islets of Langerhans (P?0.05). The administration of nanochitosan preparations of ethanolic extract of neem leaves can deliver bioactive compounds neem to the pancreas and minimize damage to the cells that make up the islets of Langerhans due to toxic neem compounds.","PeriodicalId":145551,"journal":{"name":"Cell Biology and Development","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114628797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introgression of anthracnose resistance gene(s) into common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)","authors":"Gonzaz Kyaruzi Kazimoto, S. Nchimbi–Msolla, R. Mabagala","doi":"10.13057/cellbioldev/v060104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/cellbioldev/v060104","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Kazimoto GK, Nchimbi-Msolla SF, Mabagala RB. 2022. Introgression of anthracnose resistance gene(s) into common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Cell Biol Dev 6: 20-31. Common bean anthracnose disease caused by the fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum causes significant yield losses. It is most destructive in areas with cool temperatures and high humidity (90-100%). The study aimed to introduce resistance genes into adapted but susceptible local cultivars of Masai Red and Soya Njano using conventional breeding methods. Five races of C. lindemuthianum were isolated and named from thirty-two common bean-diseased plant samples collected from Northern Tanzania. The sources of resistant genes were bean cultivars G2333 and AB136. Early developed populations were evaluated under field conditions in high altitude and humid environments at Bashnet in the Manyara region, in the Northern highlands of Tanzania. Both F2 and F3 populations of Soya Njano x G2333 were segregated for C. lindemuthianum resistance at a 9:7 ratio. Such segregation implied that two dominant epistatic genes conferred from G2333, the resistance being in the mode of epistatic gene interaction. The crosses between Masai Red x G2333 and F2 and F3 populations segregation ratio was 10:6, implying two dominant resistant genes were transferred to developed populations. The F2 and F3 progenies obtained from crossing Soya Njano and AB136 showed a ratio of 3:1. The F2 progenies from a cross between Masai Red and AB136 were segregated at a ratio of 3:1 and F3 progenies were 3:1. The 3:1 ratio confirmed single dominant gene inheritance conferred to developed progenies. The heritability (h²) from populations of Soya Njano x G2333 and Masai Red x G2333 was between 0.41 and 0.45. While Soya Njano, Masai Red, and A136 were between 0.2 and 0.53, which implied moderate heritability. F2 and F3 populations developed need further testing using MAS to confirm the presence of resistant genes. Multi-location testing should be done to verify the resistance levels of the developed bean population in later generations.","PeriodicalId":145551,"journal":{"name":"Cell Biology and Development","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123587134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}