International Wound Journal最新文献

{"title":"The Identification of Risk Factors in the Development of Wound Healing Complications in Soft Tissue Sarcoma Patients","authors":"Luisa Kriens,&nbsp;Jendrik Hardes,&nbsp;Wiebke Guder,&nbsp;Nina Engel,&nbsp;Marcel Dudda,&nbsp;Arne Streitbuerger","doi":"10.1111/iwj.71020","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iwj.71020","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Wound-healing complications (WHCs) remain a significant challenge in soft tissue sarcoma (STS) surgery, contributing to increased morbidity, prolonged hospitalisation, and impaired functional outcomes. This study aimed to identify predictors of WHC development in STS patients to improve therapeutic strategies and patient recovery. We conducted a single-institution, retrospective analysis of 318 STS patients treated between April 2019 and June 2021. Variables assessed included demographic data, tumour characteristics, treatment modalities, surgical interventions, and follow-up outcomes. Statistical analyses used chi-square tests, Kaplan–Meier estimates, and multivariate regression. WHCs occurred in 30.8% of patients. Significant negative predictors included high tumour grade (<i>p</i> = 0.018), presence of metastasis (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), bone tissue resection (<i>p</i> = 0.005), number of revision procedures (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), secondary wound closure (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), and tumour relapse frequency (<i>p</i> = 0.012). WHCs were also associated with increased risk of death (<i>p</i> = 0.004) and longer initial hospitalisation (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Chemotherapy showed a protective effect when stratified by tumour grade. Patients with high-grade tumours and multiple surgical interventions represent a high-risk group for WHC development. These findings highlight the importance of ongoing treatment reevaluation and suggest that chemotherapy may offer beneficial outcomes in selected cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":14451,"journal":{"name":"International Wound Journal","volume":"23 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/iwj.71020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148828574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Staged Management of Extensive Suprapubic Wound Necrosis After Hysterectomy Using Negative Pressure Wound Therapy and Delayed Skin Grafting","authors":"Stefano Restaino,&nbsp;Edoardo Farnè,&nbsp;Martina Arcieri,&nbsp;Marta Bortolozzo,&nbsp;Anna Momic,&nbsp;Tina Moni Bidin,&nbsp;Beatrice Nonino,&nbsp;Irene Silvestri,&nbsp;Glenda Caputo,&nbsp;Marco D'Asta,&nbsp;Marco Petrillo,&nbsp;Guglielmo Stabile,&nbsp;Lorenza Driul,&nbsp;Giuseppe Vizzielli","doi":"10.1111/iwj.71021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/iwj.71021","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Postoperative wound complications are a major clinical challenge, especially in patients with comorbidities such as overweight and diabetes mellitus. Extensive abdominal wall necrosis after gynaecologic surgery is uncommon but may lead to prolonged healing, increased morbidity and the need for complex reconstructive procedures. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is an effective option for complex surgical wounds, promoting granulation tissue, improving perfusion and reducing bacterial burden. This report describes the case of a 58-year-old woman with overweight status and Type 2 diabetes mellitus who developed extensive suprapubic wound dehiscence with associated tissue necrosis following hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy performed for a giant uterine leiomyoma. Following surgical debridement, NPWT was started and maintained with scheduled dressing changes. Progressive improvement was observed, with wound size decreasing from about 20 to 10 cm in 30 days and robust granulation tissue formation. Once the wound bed was optimised, definitive closure was achieved with an autologous skin graft. This case supports the role of NPWT as a bridge therapy in managing complex postoperative gynaecologic wounds in high-risk patients. A multidisciplinary approach involving gynaecologists, plastic surgeons and wound care specialists was essential for a favourable outcome. NPWT should be considered a valuable option for selected gynaecologic patients with extensive wound complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":14451,"journal":{"name":"International Wound Journal","volume":"23 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/iwj.71021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148811272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Digital Health Tools for Wound Management: A Scoping Review","authors":"Kahlia Borserio,&nbsp;Carol McKinstry,&nbsp;Adam Bird,&nbsp;Ryan McGrath,&nbsp;Katrina Neave","doi":"10.1111/iwj.71022","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iwj.71022","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The aim of this scoping review was to map the existing evidence on artificial intelligence-enabled digital health tools used for wound assessment and documentation, with a particular focus on their feasibility, sustainability, and integration into clinical practice. The review followed Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, and findings were reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews guideline. Searches of MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, and grey literature were undertaken. Following screening, 11 studies met the inclusion criteria. Artificial intelligence-enabled technologies supported automated wound measurement, wound imaging, digital documentation, longitudinal monitoring, and clinical decision support across a range of clinical settings. Validation studies demonstrated good agreement with conventional wound measurement methods, while implementation studies suggested these technologies were feasible across a range of clinical settings. However, evidence relating to long-term sustainability, interoperability with electronic health record systems, and routine implementation was limited. Overall, artificial intelligence-enabled wound assessment and documentation technologies are transitioning from technical innovation towards broader clinical application. Future research should prioritise longitudinal implementation studies examining sustainability, interoperability, and scalability to support successful integration into routine healthcare delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":14451,"journal":{"name":"International Wound Journal","volume":"23 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13506243/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148818473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical Treatment Outcomes for Primary Pilonidal Sinus Disease: A Single-Centre Retrospective Study of 2222 Patients (2006–2020)","authors":"Merve Tokocin,&nbsp;Hakan Yigitbas,&nbsp;Erkan Yavuz,&nbsp;Osman Bilgin Gulcicek","doi":"10.1111/iwj.71018","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iwj.71018","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Pilonidal sinus disease (PSD) is a common acquired condition of the sacrococcygeal region; despite numerous described surgical techniques, long-term outcomes remain highly variable. We compared long-term recurrence and postoperative infection among nine surgical techniques in a large single-centre cohort. We retrospectively analysed 2222 patients with primary PSD who underwent surgery between January 2006 and December 2020 at a single tertiary referral centre in Turkey and had a minimum follow-up of 5 years. Patients presenting with recurrent disease were excluded. Nine surgical techniques were evaluated. Recurrence was analysed as a time-to-event outcome using Kaplan–Meier estimates and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression. The 5-year cumulative recurrence was 7.9% (175/2222) and postoperative infection 6.9% (154/2222); overall recurrence was 10.2% (226/2222). Recurrence and infection differed statistically significantly among surgical techniques (both <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). The lowest recurrence rates were observed with the Karydakis flap (1.5%), Bascom cleft lift (2.3%) and Dufourmentel flap (2.4%). Most recurrences occurred within the first 2 years, with a median time to recurrence of 20 months (IQR 12–36). Compared with lay-open treatment, the Karydakis flap (HR 0.19, 95% CI 0.12–0.30), Bascom cleft lift (HR 0.25, 95% CI 0.14–0.43), Limberg flap (HR 0.32, 95% CI 0.19–0.53) and Dufourmentel flap (HR 0.26, 95% CI 0.12–0.57) were independently associated with lower risk of recurrence, whereas a higher body mass index (HR 1.05 per 1 kg/m², 95% CI 1.01–1.09) and current smoking (HR 1.98, 95% CI 1.54–2.55) were independently associated with an increased recurrence risk. Off-midline flap techniques were associated with superior long-term outcomes, with lower recurrence and infection than midline or secondary-healing approaches. Taken together, the findings of this study support the use of the Karydakis flap and Bascom cleft lift as first-line surgical options for PSD management.</p>","PeriodicalId":14451,"journal":{"name":"International Wound Journal","volume":"23 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13500213/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148808710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective Effect of Prophylactic Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy on Surgical-Site Infection in High-Risk Open Abdominal Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study and Nomogram Development","authors":"Fen Zhou,&nbsp;Yuhao Zhang,&nbsp;Ping Yu,&nbsp;Xia Feng,&nbsp;Yiling Yang,&nbsp;Ling Ding,&nbsp;Dadeng Dong","doi":"10.1111/iwj.71007","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iwj.71007","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Surgical-site infections (SSIs) are a major complication after open abdominal surgery, especially in high-risk patients (obesity, diabetes, immunosuppression). Prophylactic negative-pressure wound therapy (pNPWT) may reduce SSIs. This study evaluated pNPWT versus standard dressings and developed an SSI risk prediction nomogram. A single-centre retrospective study included 83 high-risk adults undergoing open abdominal surgery (2022–2024). Patients received pNPWT (<i>n</i> = 38, −125 mmHg for 5–7 days) or standard dressing (<i>n</i> = 45). Primary outcome: CDC-classified SSI within 30 days. Secondary outcomes included wound dehiscence, epithelialisation time, hospital stay, 30-day readmission and 3-month scar quality. Multivariate logistic regression identified SSI predictors; a nomogram was built and assessed (discrimination: AUC, calibration: bootstrap, utility: decision curve). SSI incidence was significantly lower with pNPWT (5.3% vs. 35.6%; <i>p</i> = 0.002). Compared with standard dressings, pNPWT shortened time to complete epithelialization (10.2 [8.90–11.4] vs. 14.5 [12.3–17.7] days; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and reduced postoperative length of stay (10.3 [8.88–12.2] vs. 13.4 [10.5–17.4] days; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). In multivariable analysis, pNPWT was independently protective (adjusted OR: 0.030, 95% CI: 0.001–0.298; <i>p</i> = 0.011), while higher BMI (adjusted OR: 1.476; <i>p</i> = 0.013), higher HbA1c (adjusted OR: 3.726; <i>p</i> = 0.016) and longer incision length (adjusted OR: 1.441; <i>p</i> = 0.016) were associated with increased SSI risk. pNPWT significantly reduces SSIs and improves wound healing in high-risk open abdominal surgery. The developed nomogram accurately predicts individual SSI risk, aiding personalised prophylaxis. Prospective multi-centre RCTs with economic evaluations are needed to confirm findings and guide practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":14451,"journal":{"name":"International Wound Journal","volume":"23 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13501097/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148808716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling and Simulation of Soft Tissue Loading Reduction at the Posterior Heel by a Moisture-Responsive Prophylactic Dressing","authors":"Daria Orlova,&nbsp;Amit Gefen","doi":"10.1111/iwj.71011","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iwj.71011","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Pressure ulcers/injuries at the posterior heel commonly develop in patients with limited mobility or sensation, where movements such as sliding in bed generate shear forces that elevate the deep soft tissue stresses. Prophylactic multilayer dressings are recommended to reduce this injury risk, yet many current products incorporate high-friction silicone adhesives for attaching the dressing to the skin, which may increase shear transfer to the skin and subdermally while a patient is moving or being moved. This study evaluated a multilayer dressing featuring an Aquacel Hydrofiber Technology skin-contact layer that exhibits moisture-responsive friction reduction. Finite element models of a posterior heel resting on a support surface were developed to simulate compressive and shear loading during patient sliding-in-bed, comparing no dressing, dry (new) and moist (used) dressing conditions. Moisture exposure reduced the skin-dressing coefficient of friction from 1.55 to 0.22, leading to substantial reduction in soft tissue strain and stress exposures, such that high-magnitude strain and stress concentrations (&gt; 75th-percentile) were effectively absent within the modelled loading domain under the simulated conditions. Moisture-induced friction reduction facilitated controlled micro-sliding at the skin interface, attenuating shear transfer into skin and subcutaneous tissues. These findings demonstrate that moisture-responsive interfacial friction adaptation is an important mechanism of action contributing to the biomechanical protective efficacy of prophylactic dressings.</p>","PeriodicalId":14451,"journal":{"name":"International Wound Journal","volume":"23 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13500215/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148808633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of a Digital Pressure Injury Educational Game (PI-DGAME) on Nursing Students' Knowledge and Staging Accuracy: A Quasi-Experimental Study With 4-Week Follow-Up","authors":"Ayşe Sılanur Demir-Üçtepe,&nbsp;Ayişe Karadağ,&nbsp;Havanur Kiliç,&nbsp;Aleyna Uçanbelen","doi":"10.1111/iwj.71019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/iwj.71019","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Accurate classification and staging of pressure injuries (PIs) are essential competencies for nursing students, yet traditional teaching methods may not sufficiently support retention and clinical decision-making. Digital game-based learning has emerged as an innovative strategy to enhance engagement and knowledge acquisition in health professions education. This study aimed to examine the effect of the Pressure Injury Digital Game (PI-DGAME) mobile application on nursing students' knowledge of PI classification and staging, their staging accuracy and short-term knowledge retention and to evaluate usability and learner satisfaction. A quasi-experimental single-group pre-test–post-test design with a 4-week follow-up. The study was conducted with 60 undergraduate nursing students between May and July 2025. Following baseline assessment using the Pressure Injury Test (PI-TEST), participants accessed the PI-DGAME mobile application and completed at least one full gameplay session during a one-week self-directed intervention period. Repeated gameplay was permitted. Game engagement and performance indicators were automatically logged. The PI-TEST was re-administered immediately after the intervention and at 4-week follow-up. Data were analysed using non-parametric tests. PI-TEST scores increased significantly from pre-test to post-test and were maintained at the 4-week follow-up (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Pairwise comparisons showed significant improvements from pre-test to post-test and from pre-test to follow-up, with no significant decline between post-test and follow-up. In-game performance improved with repeated gameplay; total scores and correct responses increased, while incorrect responses and completion time decreased (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Achievement level and gameplay frequency did not differ by academic year. Students evaluated the game positively; over 90% reported ease of use and clarity of content. PI-DGAME was associated with improved knowledge, staging accuracy and short-term retention among nursing students. Digital game-based learning may provide a complementary educational strategy to support learning related to PI classification and staging in nursing education.</p>","PeriodicalId":14451,"journal":{"name":"International Wound Journal","volume":"23 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/iwj.71019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148784691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skin Grafting for Cobra Bite–Induced Hand Defects: Refining Indications in a Dynamic Wound Environment","authors":"Trần Thiết Sơn,&nbsp;Phan Tuấn Nghĩa,&nbsp;Đặng Phương Nam","doi":"10.1111/iwj.71023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/iwj.71023","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cobra envenomation frequently results in progressive soft-tissue necrosis of the hand, posing significant challenges for reconstruction. While flap-based reconstruction is often recommended for severe defects, the role of skin grafting in appropriately selected cases remains poorly defined. A retrospective study was conducted on 52 patients who underwent skin grafting for cobra bite–induced hand defects between January 2021 and November 2025. Patients with exposed critical structures or defects requiring flap reconstruction were excluded. A staged reconstructive strategy with serial debridement and wound-bed optimization was applied. The primary outcome was graft viability at postoperative day 10. Secondary outcomes included functional assessment using the QuickDASH, wrist range of motion and total active finger motion. Among 52 patients, complete graft survival was achieved in 46 (88.5%), partial graft loss in 4 (7.7%) and total necrosis in 2 (3.8%). The proportions of immediate grafting and finger defects were significantly higher in the graft necrosis group than in the complete graft survival group (<i>p</i> = 0.008 and <i>p</i> = 0.001, respectively), while NPWT for wound-bed preparation was more common in the complete survival group (<i>p</i> = 0.050). At follow-up, most patients had mild to moderate QuickDASH disability, with acceptable motion outcomes, although finger defects showed poorer functional recovery. Skin grafting is a reliable and less invasive option for cobra bite–induced hand defects when performed on a well-prepared wound bed. A staged, mechanism-based reconstructive strategy is proposed. NPWT may contribute to wound-bed optimization, whereas finger defects appear to represent a higher-risk subgroup.</p>","PeriodicalId":14451,"journal":{"name":"International Wound Journal","volume":"23 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/iwj.71023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148784690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modification to the PICO Single Use Negative Pressure Wound Therapy System Application to Improve Patient Experience in Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty","authors":"Abu Z. Saeed,&nbsp;Mohammad U. Attar,&nbsp;Sudheer L. Karlakki","doi":"10.1111/iwj.71015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/iwj.71015","url":null,"abstract":"<p>PICO single use negative pressure wound therapy (sNPWT) is increasinsingly being used in high-risk wounds across many surgical specialities. Their use in orthopaedic arthroplasty surgery is associated with practical challenges limiting mobilisation including tube disconnection and pullouts. We present a description of a novel modification to the PICO sNPWT application using a Granuflex dressing to secure the pump to the patient. Our early patient experience showed 100% (24/24) patients reporting no issues with wound healing and 91.7% (22/24) reporting the dressing and pump staying on for the prescribed amount of time without detachment. This modification allows the dressing to be more conducive to early mobilisation without hindering use of walking aids and crutches. There is a role for the modification to be adopted by other surgical specialties.</p>","PeriodicalId":14451,"journal":{"name":"International Wound Journal","volume":"23 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/iwj.71015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148783921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost Effectiveness of Venous Leg Ulcer Healing Using Muscle Pump Activation","authors":"Michael C. Stacey,&nbsp;Connie Harris,&nbsp;Amanda Loney,&nbsp;Graham Corke","doi":"10.1111/iwj.71014","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iwj.71014","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of treating patients with Venous Leg Ulcers (VLUs) with the Muscle Pump Activation device (MPA, geko) in Canada. This is a cost-effectiveness analysis of the treatment of patients with VLUs, using MPA for 4 weeks in addition to standard of care compression therapy (SOC), compared to SOC alone using Canadian costs of VLU treatment. The authors determined the Canadian costs for each visit for a patient with a VLU to have their dressings performed at a nursing clinic. The total costs of treatment were determined based on healing rates from a randomized controlled trial from Wales that demonstrated a significant improvement in the healing of VLUs when MPA was used for 4 weeks in addition to SOC, compared to SOC alone. The cost per visit to a nursing clinic for the treatment of a VLU was estimated to be $109.71 CAD and dressing frequency was estimated to be an average of every 2.5 days. Using projected healing rates over a 12-month period based on the UK paper, the model indicated that treatment with MPA resulted in a cost savings of $983.61 CAD per patient. The average increase in ulcer free days was 56.6 days per patient. The Incremental Cost Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) identified a saving of $17.38 per ulcer free day. This model based on Canadian costs resulted in faster healing of VLUs and a reduced average Direct Wound Care Cost of $983.61 per patient for the whole of their ulcer treatment when the MPA is used for 4 weeks in addition to SOC. This treatment has the potential for patient benefit as well as significant cost savings for the Canadian Health Care system.</p>","PeriodicalId":14451,"journal":{"name":"International Wound Journal","volume":"23 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/iwj.71014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148722582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}