International Journal of Thermodynamics最新文献

{"title":"Computational Fluid Dynamic Analysis of Solar Dryer Equipped with Different Phase Change Materials","authors":"Chetan Mamulkar, Sanjay Ikhar, V. Katekar","doi":"10.5541/ijot.1324341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5541/ijot.1324341","url":null,"abstract":"A phase change material (PCM) is an organic (or inorganic) chemical that may store and release thermal energy in latent form as it changes physical states. This investigation aims to see how phase transition materials influence the thermal efficiency of the solar dryer. For the performance analysis, three PCMs were used: paraffin wax, lauric acid, and palmitic acid. As drying material, 5 mm thick potato slices were employed. According to the computational results, the total input thermal energy for the dryer for paraffin wax, lauric acid, and palmitic acid was about 17.36 MJ, 18.46 MJ, and 17.76 MJ, respectively, for 2 kg drying mass. When paraffin wax, lauric acid, and palmitic acid were utilized, the overall efficiency of the dryer increased by about 87%, 40.2%, and 12.4%, respectively, compared to the conventional dryer. By comparing the results of simulations and predictions, it is concluded that paraffin wax is the best-performing PCM for solar dryers as the energy storage material.","PeriodicalId":14438,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermodynamics","volume":"58 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139258711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use the Thermodynamic State Equations to Analyze the Non-ideality of Gas Mixtures","authors":"Ngoma MANUEL, T.c.f.s. MAJOR, S.m. PEDRO, António BARROS","doi":"10.5541/ijot.1328839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5541/ijot.1328839","url":null,"abstract":"The assessment of gas behavior in chemical engineering systems necessitates a profound understanding of thermodynamic principles that govern the interactions among the components within a given system. To this end, the deviation from ideality in a single gas or gas mixture is associated with the disparity between the actual behavior of the gas or gas mixture and the behavior anticipated by the ideal gas model. This study is aimed at scrutinizing the deviation from ideal behavior in a gas mixture composed of CH4 and CO2. The analysis employs the cubic equations of state: Van Der Waals, Soave-Redlich-Kwong, and generalized Virial equations, truncated to the third term. These equations are widely recognized for their utility in characterizing substance behavior under specific thermodynamic conditions. The investigation involves an evaluation of the mixture's behavior by assessing variations in the compressibility factor concerning pressure, volume, and pressure, using a thermodynamic calculator at 296.15 K and 15 bar. The findings of this study reveal the prevalence of attractive intermolecular forces at higher pressures and repulsive interactions at lower pressures. An analogous examination of the effect of altering the composition of CH4 was undertaken using the Soave-Redlich-Kwong equation, which incorporates parameters allowing for an evaluation of the impact of molecule size and intermolecular interactions within the mixture. Furthermore, experimental data were employed to validate the results obtained in this study. Consequently, it can be inferred that these equations provide insight into the influence of pressure on molecular interaction forces, encompassing repulsive and attractive forces, which in turn can define the new volume of a real system. Thus, based on the corroboration established herein, these equations demonstrate a high degree of consistency and applicability, thereby expanding the realm of thermodynamic inquiry.","PeriodicalId":14438,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermodynamics","volume":"156 20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135635422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Economical Analysis of Innovative Parabolic Trough Collector Integrated Solar Still","authors":"Milind PATİL, Ishan PATİL, Sanjay SHEKHAWAT, Neelkanth NİKAM","doi":"10.5541/ijot.1313878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5541/ijot.1313878","url":null,"abstract":"Experimental setup of the integrated parabolic trough collector (PTC) with solar still was developed. PTC was designed considering the solar geometry and the physical laws of parabolic shape and the concentrators. Test were conducted at the location with latitude 19.9975ON and longitude 73.7898OE. Theoretical analysis was done using ray tracing and engineering equation solver (EES) software while designing the system. PTC system was developed with dimensions of 1.5 m length, 1 m width and a concentration ratio (CR) of 21.22. Theoretical thermal efficiency was predicted as 48.1% whereas experimental average thermal efficiency is observed as 42.76%. The observed temperature difference between the vapor and the glass cover is about 17 °C and between ambient air and vapor is about 24.4 °C. Maximum water temperature in the conventional solar still was 64.6 °C where as for the PTC coupled solar still was 74.4 °C. PTC coupled solar still is having averagely 37% higher production rate. This has definitely added an advantage because of the higher energy absorption rate compared with the conventional solar still. PTC coupled solar still system has nearly 35% more heat absorption. Total embodied energy of the system is around 896.875 kWh. Total capital cost of the system is Rs. 41300/-. Total annual output of pure water is around 3 L/Day. Estimated energy payback period is around 2.29 years and the total carbon credit earned is Rs. 2165.38 per year.","PeriodicalId":14438,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermodynamics","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135634221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pressure Effect on Thermodynamic Quantities for the Solid-Liquid Phase Transition in n-tridecane, n-hexadecane and n-octadecane","authors":"Özlem TARI İLGİN, Hamit YURTSEVEN","doi":"10.5541/ijot.1337863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5541/ijot.1337863","url":null,"abstract":"The pressure effect is investigated regarding the solid – liquid equilibria (SLE) in n-alkanes. Using the Landau phenomenological model, the pressure dependences of the thermodynamic functions are predicted and the phase diagrams are constructed for the solid – liquid transitions in the binary mixtures of n-alkanes. The experimental data from the literature are used for the phase diagrams in the mixtures.
 Our fits for the phase diagrams are reasonably good. Regarding the cubic dependence of the concentration (T-X, P-X) and the linear dependence of the pressure (P-T) on the temperature, our results show that the n-tridecane is distinguished from the other mixtures due to its lowest freezing temperature (T_1=291.08 K) and correspondingly higher concentration (x_1=0.1982). It is found that the divergence behaviour of the heat capacity (C) with the critical exponent 1⁄2 from the extended mean field model is in particular more apparent at the room temperature (293.15 K) at various pressures for the solid – liquid transition. This is accompanied with the pressure dependences of the order parameter, susceptibility, entropy and enthalpy for those mixtures as studied here.","PeriodicalId":14438,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermodynamics","volume":"9 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135869777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Nozzle Diameter and Holes Number on the Performance and Emissions of a Gasoline Direct Injection Engine","authors":"Omar YOUSEF, Mahmoud MASHKOUR","doi":"10.5541/ijot.1272871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5541/ijot.1272871","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of the current study is to estimate how a gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine's performance and emissions are affected by the fuel injector nozzle diameter and hole number of its injectors. A thermodynamic mathematical modelling has been created utilizing a software program written in the MATLAB language to simulate the two-zone combustion process of a four-stroke direct injection engine running on gasoline at (Rotation Engine Speed 3000 revolution per minute (rpm), 40 MPa injection pressure, compression ratio 9.5, and spark timing 145°). The first law of thermodynamics, equation of energy, mass conserving, equation of state, and mass fraction burned were all used in the creation of the software program. The study was carried out at five different nozzle diameters (0.250, 0.350, 0.450, 0.550, and 0.650 mm) and nozzle hole numbers (4,6,8,10,12). The results show that the GDI engine's performance and emissions are significantly influenced by variations in nozzle hole diameter and number. It was shown that engine power, heat transfer, cylinder pressure, and temperature increased with increasing nozzle hole diameter and number of nozzle holes and the maximum value was seen with nozzle hole diameter 0.650 mm and (12) holes. The lowest value for the nozzle hole diameter and number of holes was found to be 0.250 mm and 4 nozzle holes, which resulted in the lowest emissions of carbon monoxide CO and nitrogen monoxide NO. The study was also conducted for different operating conditions (Rotation Engine speed of 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000 rpm ,35 MPa injection pressure , compression ratio of 11.5 , and spark timing of 140° ) and the same nozzle diameters and nozzle holes number mentioned previously to estimate the maximum values for temperature, pressure, power , heat transfer and emissions . The results of the second part of the study showed that the highest of maximum values of temperature, pressure, and emissions were at of 1000 rpm, a nozzle diameter of 0.650 mm, and (12) holes. The highest values for maximum power at 4000 rpm, a nozzle diameter of 0.650 mm and (12) holes, while the highest maximum values for heat transfer are at 5000 rpm, a diameter of 0.65mm and (12) holes.","PeriodicalId":14438,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermodynamics","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136102307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calculation of Complex Chemical Equilibrium Using Optimization Package Ipopt","authors":"Gleb BELOV, N. M. ARİSTOVA","doi":"10.5541/ijot.1317496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5541/ijot.1317496","url":null,"abstract":"An approach to the calculation of complex chemical equilibrium using the open-source optimization package Ipopt and the open-source package JuMP is proposed. The code of two procedures written in the open-source Julia programming language for calculating the equilibrium composition and properties of multicomponent heterogeneous thermodynamic systems is presented. The results of the test calculations showed a good performance of the code and a relatively high speed of calculations. Due to the compactness and simplicity of the code, it can be easily integrated into other applications, or used in combination with more complex models.","PeriodicalId":14438,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermodynamics","volume":"5 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135405475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic, Enviroeconomic Analysis Of Active Solar Still Using Al2O3 Nanoparticles","authors":"Dharamveer SİNGH","doi":"10.5541/ijot.1295637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5541/ijot.1295637","url":null,"abstract":"The water scarcity is primary need of analysis. The current study analyses the Economic and Enviro-economic of an N-identical (N-PVTCPC) collector double slope solar desalination units (DS-DU) with a heat exchanger (HE) using water based Al2O3 nanoparticles. An analytical program fed into MATLAB, and the analysis was monitored on an annual basis New Delhi, India. The Indian Metrological Department in Pune, India provided the input data necessary for the mathematical procedure. Considering the energy production of the winter and summer, the average yearly energy production will be calculated. The system performance has been analyzed based on Economic and Enviro-economic. In an economic analysis was performed for 15 years has found for cost of water 1.25, 1.51, and 1.79₹/kg respectively, Enviro-economic analysis for life span of 15, 20, and 30 years have found CO2 mitigation/ton 40.85, 57.46, and 90.67 kg/ton respectively and carbon credit earned 204.26, 287.30, and 453.36 ($) respectively. The proposed system has foundenergy, yield, and productivity 7.31%, 8.5%, and 5.17% greater respectively. Therefore overall the proposed system found better to previous system.","PeriodicalId":14438,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermodynamics","volume":"213 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135347484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Evaluation for Selected Gas Turbine Cycles","authors":"Mohamed ELWARDANY, Abd El-moneim M. NASSİB, Hany A. MOHAMED","doi":"10.5541/ijot.1268823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5541/ijot.1268823","url":null,"abstract":"The energy and exergy evaluation of simple gas turbine (SGT), gas turbine with air bottoming cycle (GT-ABC), and partial oxidation gas turbine (POGT) are studied. The governing equations for each cycle are solved using energy equation Solver (EES) software. The characteristics performance for selected cycles are discussed and verified with that obtained for available practical cycles (SGT, GT-ABC, POGT). The present results show a good agreement with the practical one. The effects of significant operational parameters, turbine inlet temperature (TIT), compression ratio (CR), and compressor inlet temperature (CIT), on the specific fuel consumption, energy and exergy efficiencies are discussed. According to the findings, a reduction in CIT and a rise in TIT and CR led to enhance energy and exergy efficiency for each configuration with different ranges. Results revealed that the GT-ABC and POGT cycles are more efficient than those of SGT at the same operational parameters. The energy and exergy efficiencies are 38.4%, 36.2% for SGT, 40%, 37.8 % for GT-ABC, and 41.6%, 39.3% for POGT. The POGT cycle has a better energy and exergy performance at a lower pressure ratio than the SGT and GT-ABC.","PeriodicalId":14438,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermodynamics","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134903913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermodynamic Properties of Selected Bicyclic Terpenes and Related Substances by Gas Chromatography and Group Contributions","authors":"Luciana FONSECA, Carlos Eduardo Lima OLİVEİRA, Marco Aurélio CREMASCO","doi":"10.5541/ijot.1243089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5541/ijot.1243089","url":null,"abstract":"Terpene compounds in the lower layer of the atmosphere can contribute to environmental problems through the formation of particulate material known as secondary organic aerosol (SOA). A clear understanding of the formation and composition of these particles hinges on reliable thermodynamic data. Quick estimation of these physical properties is highly desired. While experimental methods require significant resources and time, the prediction of pure-component properties through group contributions is easily applicable and straightforward. The present study compares the experimental enthalpies of vaporization at 298.15 K for bicyclic terpenes and related substances derived from the gas chromatography technique with estimated values provided by three group contribution methods. A new group contribution model specifically designed for terpene compounds is introduced. Furthermore, this study reveals previously unreported values in the literature for the enthalpy of vaporization at 298.15 K and the normal boiling temperature of Thymol methyl ether, Fenchyl alcohol, and Bicyclo [4.1.0] heptane-7-carboxylic acid.","PeriodicalId":14438,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermodynamics","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135307992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Pressure Calibration TiN Equation of State","authors":"Sırwan KAREEM, Mohammad UONİS, Raed ALSAQA","doi":"10.5541/ijot.1168781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5541/ijot.1168781","url":null,"abstract":"High pressure is becoming an interesting area of research for originating vital properties in crystalline solids. In the present study, the pressure equation of the state of TiN was investigated by employing various equations of state (EoS) presented in the literature, such as Dodson EoS, Barden EOS, Birch-Murnaghan (B-M) EoS. The EoSs were processed to find the high-pressure effects on the characterizations of TiN such as volume compression ratio, bulk modulus B, Grüneisen parameter, and phonon frequency spectrum. It was shown that a gigantic pressure results in a significant reduction in the volume of the TiN material, and the volume compression ratio reduction, is almost the same for the existing equations of state and the comparative literature results up to a pressure of 80 GPa. The maximum pressure difference is observed to be 4.85 GPa. over the entire pressure of 120GPa. Increasing the bulk modulus with high pressure was expected by the present EoSs, and up to the pressure of about 60 GPa, all curves of bulk modulus are matched with each other. Eventually, a fair comparison has been made between the present results and the first principle approximation along with the generalized gradient approximation method in which a perfect agreement was observed. Finally, the feasibility of TiN EoS as a standard pressure calibration was demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":14438,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermodynamics","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135786426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}