International Journal of Yoga最新文献

{"title":"The Pregnancy Tele-yoga Module to Combat Stress, Anxiety, and Depression Associated with Pregnancy: An Exploratory Open-label Multicentric Study.","authors":"Sundarnag Ganjekar, Virupaksha Shanmugam Harve, Hemant Bhargav, Prerna Kukreti, Shubhangi Dere, Urvashi Thukral, Pratima Thamke, Manju Puri, Manjunath Nandi Krishnamurthy","doi":"10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_1_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_1_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Untreated stress, anxiety, and depression during the perinatal period can lead to adverse maternal and infant outcomes. Yoga, the practice of body-mind-spirit techniques has been shown to reduce stress, anxiety, and depression.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The aim of the study was to examine the feasibility and limited efficacy of the 4-week practice of pregnancy tele-yoga module (PTYM) delivered and monitored through an online platform.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A multicentric, open-label, exploratory study was conducted in the antenatal clinics (ANCs) of three tertiary care hospitals in India. Pregnant women between 13 and 32 weeks of gestation were invited to participate. PTYM was taught by the trained research staff. A YouTube link demonstrating the PTYM developed by the researchers was shared with consenting participants. Using the Yoga Performance Assessment (YPA), research staff monitored the online performance of the PTYM. Pre- and postintervention, women were assessed using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Preintervention, among 162 consented pregnant women, anxiety (62.34%) was the most common mental health condition, followed by stress (55.55%) and depression (45.67%). YPA at the end of week 1, week 2, week 3, and week 4 was 19.45, 21.35, 24.15, and 28.45, respectively. Postintervention anxiety, stress, and depression persisted in 19.78%, 11.44%, and 10.41% of women. Pregnant women with stress (DASS-21 ≥15; <i>n</i> = 90), anxiety (DASS-21 ≥8; <i>n</i> = 101), and depressive (DASS-21 ≥10; <i>n</i> = 74) symptoms after undergoing 4 weeks of PTYM reported significant reduction in the scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current study demonstrated the feasibility and limited efficacy of PTYM in ANCs of a tertiary care hospital in India.</p>","PeriodicalId":14436,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Yoga","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11185435/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141428662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meditation is an Integral Part of Yoga.","authors":"Nandi Krishnamurthy Manjunath","doi":"10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_12_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_12_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14436,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Yoga","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10919407/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140093972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reducing Stress with Yoga: A Systematic Review Based on Multimodal Biosignals.","authors":"Aayushi Khajuria, Amit Kumar, Deepak Joshi, S Senthil Kumaran","doi":"10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_218_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_218_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stress is an enormous concern in our culture because it is the root cause of many health issues. Yoga asanas and mindfulness-based practices are becoming increasingly popular for stress management; nevertheless, the biological effect of these practices on stress reactivity is still a research domain. The purpose of this review is to emphasize various biosignals that reflect stress reduction through various yoga-based practices. A comprehensive synthesis of numerous prior investigations in the existing literature was conducted. These investigations undertook a thorough examination of numerous biosignals. Various features are extracted from these signals, which are further explored to reflect the effectiveness of yoga practice in stress reduction. The multifaceted character of stress and the extensive research undertaken in this field indicate that the proposed approach would rely on multiple modalities. The notable growth of the body of literature pertaining to prospective yoga processes is deserving of attention; nonetheless, there exists a scarcity of research undertaken on these mechanisms. Hence, it is recommended that future studies adopt more stringent yoga methods and ensure the incorporation of suitable participant cohorts.</p>","PeriodicalId":14436,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Yoga","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10919405/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140093974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiential Avoidance as a Mediator of the Relationship between Dispositional Mindfulness and Problematic Smartphone Use.","authors":"George Felix, Manoj Kumar Sharma, Nitin Anand, Binukumar Bhaskarapillai, Ajay Kumar","doi":"10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_175_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_175_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Experiential avoidance (EA) and mindfulness are the two important transdiagnostic process and outcome variables in psychological formulation and treatment. While smartphones have a large utility value, they also have the potential for adverse impacts on functioning. Studies have separately shown associations among EA, dispositional mindfulness (DM), and problematic smartphone use (PSU). However, there is a lack of study exploring the associations and mediation relationship among these variables together in an Indian context. The current study aims to explore the associations of PSU, DM, EA, and sociodemographic factors; including the mediating effect of EA between DM and PSU in the Indian adult context.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Four hundred and thirty-four participants (<i>M</i> age = 25.4, standard deviation = 2.6, 58.8% females) were recruited for an online survey using a cross-sectional design. Data were collected using sociodemographic questionnaire, Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version, brief EA scale, and Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale. Statistical analyses comprised multiple regression, mediation analysis, and significance in sociodemographic variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both EA and DM significantly predicted PSU with a 37% variance; however, DM had an inverse relationship. EA as a mediator could account for a quarter of the effect, P_M = 24.4%, <i>ab</i> = -0.14, 95% CI^cs (-0.19, -0.09).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current study implicates the monitoring and treatment planning for PSU from a transdiagnostic perspective in the Indian context.</p>","PeriodicalId":14436,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Yoga","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10919412/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140093915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term Add-on Yoga Therapy Modulates Oxidative Stress Pathway and Offers Clinical Benefits in Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Pinku Mani Talukdar, Preethi V Reddy, Praerna Hemant Bhargav, Manjula Subbanna, Sneha Karmani, Rashmi Arasappa, Ganesan Venkata Subramanian, Muralidharan Kesavan, Monojit Debnath","doi":"10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_174_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_174_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Yoga therapy (YT) as an adjunct treatment has reportedly been demonstrated to offer clinical benefits in major depressive disorder (MDD). Although a few biological pathways are suggested to mediate the effects of yoga, the precise mechanistic basis remains unknown. Oxidative stress pathway activation has consistently been linked to the pathobiology of MDD. Whether YT has a modulatory effect on the oxidative stress pathway in MDD is not adequately understood.</p><p><strong>Aim and objectives: </strong>In this study, we examined the impact of a course (3 months) of yoga as an add on therapy on the markers of the oxidative stress pathway in MDD patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-three MDD patients were randomized to the YT (<i>n</i> = 16) and waitlist control (WC) (<i>n</i> = 17) groups. Colorimetric estimation of the plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant (AO) levels was performed in all the study participants using commercially available kits at the baseline and after 3 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant reduction of plasma MDA levels was observed in MDD patients of YT group (<i>P</i> = 0.05) after 3 months of YT. Notably, the plasma MDA levels also decreased in MDD patients of WC group (<i>P</i> = 0.015) after the trial period. In addition, levels of total AO showed a trend toward significance only in MDD patients after 3 months of YT (<i>P</i> = 0.07). Conclusion: The current study suggests that the benefits of YT might be mediated through its modulatory role on the oxidative stress pathway in MDD.</p>","PeriodicalId":14436,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Yoga","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10919410/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140093971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Inner Balance to Visual Health: Unraveling the Therapeutic Role of Yoga in Optic Neuropathy and Ocular Manifestations - Narrative Review.","authors":"Prabhakar Tiwari, Rima Dada, Tanuj Dada","doi":"10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_182_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_182_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The optic nerve comprises approximately 1.2 million axons of retinal ganglion cells and is vulnerable to degeneration due to a myriad of causes. While traditional treatments have been the cornerstone of ocular care, emerging evidence highlights the benefits of integrative approaches, which can be used as an adjunct in the management of optic neuropathy. Yoga is a mind-body energy medicine encompasses physical postures, breath control, and meditation. Currently, it has gained attention for its holistic effects on well-being, by promoting health, preventing onset of diseases, adjunct in disease management, and for its rehabilitative potential. In addition, the underlying mechanisms through which yoga exerts its therapeutic influence, evaluates clinical outcomes, and explores potential synergistic effects with conventional treatments remain largely unexplored. Neuroprotective mechanisms of yoga, such as enhancing retinal ganglion cell function, reducing oxidative stress, coupled with its ability to modulate inflammatory processes and improve circulation, contribute to its potential benefits in visual health. Analysis of clinical studies reveals promising outcomes, including improvements in visual acuity, visual fields, quality of life, and functional outcomes in individuals with optic neuropathy and ocular manifestations who undergo yoga intervention (especially dhyaan) with awareness of breath. Furthermore, the integration of yoga with conventional treatments and complementary modalities unveils the possibilities of multidisciplinary approaches in ocular care that need evaluation. By unraveling the role of yoga intervention in ocular health, this review provides valuable insights for clinicians and researchers, fostering a deeper understanding of the mind-body connection and paving the way for enhanced visual health outcomes. Embracing yoga as an adjunctive therapy may has the potential to revolutionize the management of optic neuropathy and ocular manifestations, offering individuals a holistic approach to optimize visual well-being, reduce comorbid depression and caregiver burden, and improve overall quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":14436,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Yoga","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10919409/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140093970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Yoga on Quality of Life in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Randomized Control Trial.","authors":"M Srinivas, N J Patil, K Prabhakar, S V Jagmohan","doi":"10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_208_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_208_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Yoga is emerging as one of the holistic approaches to respiratory diseases. The scope of yoga is expanding in communicable diseases with physical, mental, and societal benefits.</p><p><strong>Aim and objective: </strong>The present study aims to evaluate the effect of integrated yoga as an adjuvant therapy to the National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP) on assessing health-related Quality of Life (QoL) in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB).</p><p><strong>Setting and design: </strong>A randomized controlled trail study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>The study screened 826 PTB patients; 72 patients were found suitable and agreed to participate. The PTB patients were randomly assigned to either a yoga group (<i>n</i> = 36) or a control group (<i>n</i> = 36) using the sequentially numbered opaque sealed envelope technique. The control group received standard-of-care treatment as per NTEP, and the yoga group practiced 45 min of integrated yoga for 8 weeks along with standard of care. The World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire was used to collect the data at baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of within-group comparisons in both the groups showed that there was a significant improvement in physical (<i>P</i> < 0.01), psychological (<i>P</i> < 0.01), and social (<i>P</i> < 0.01), with <i>P</i> ≤ 0.05 being considered statistically significant except environmental domain. Between groups, analysis shows that in the preintervention, there was no difference between the yoga and control group as <i>P</i> > 0.05. After the yoga intervention, there was an enhancement in QoL scores with three domains except the environmental domain (<i>P</i> = 0.28).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study evidence supports the use of yoga as a complementary therapy for the NTEP in patients with PTB may improve their QoL.</p>","PeriodicalId":14436,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Yoga","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10919413/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140093914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Motivators, Preferences, and Aspirations of University Students about Studying Yoga: A Survey from India.","authors":"Shirley Telles, Deepak Kumar Pal, Kumar Gandharva, Sachin Kumar Sharma, Acharya Balkrishna, Nidheesh Yadav, Chinmay Pandya, Suresh Lal Barnwal, Surendra Kumar Tyagi, Kamakhaya Kumar","doi":"10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_111_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_111_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>University students' motivators and preferences for yoga as their course of study can influence their future as yoga instructors and therapists.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Six hundred and thirty-six students of both genders (251:385, male: female) from four North Indian universities offering graduate and postgraduate courses in yoga were the respondents to a convenience sampling survey about their preferences and motivators.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The three most common reasons why students chose to study yoga were (i) \"I can help many people through knowledge of yoga\" (32.2%), (ii) \"I will become a better person by studying yoga\" (21.9%), and (iii) \"I find yoga interesting\" (18.9%). After completion of the course, most students wished (i) \"to study another course in yoga\" (28.8%), (ii) \"to work in yoga and education in a university\" (17.5%), and (iii) \"to work in yoga and research\" (14.3%). Students appreciated positive effects which they attributed to yoga (e.g. good health, feeling peaceful, and positive behavior changes).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Students did not like regulations such as early wakening and dietary restrictions. The available information about the scope, benefits, safety considerations, and requirements of yoga can help student aspirants make an informed choice about their future careers. Students of yoga can be further motivated by evidence informed interactive sessions.</p>","PeriodicalId":14436,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Yoga","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10919404/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140093973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yoga and Mental Well-being: A Qualitative Exploration of the Lived Experiences of Yoga Practitioners.","authors":"Suzanne Vogler, Rachel Elizabeth Salyer, Peter R Giacobbi","doi":"10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_191_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_191_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Participation in yoga has increased dramatically amongst all demographic groups in recent decades. While studies have explored the physical and mental benefits of yoga, few have focused on the lived experiences of those practicing yoga and why they continue their involvement.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The purpose of this study was to assess practitioners' views about the impact of yoga on mental well-being and explore how these benefits may support their continued practice.</p><p><strong>Settings and design: </strong>Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 individuals, the majority identified as female (M age = 44.25, standard deviation = 11.80). The majority of participants were White (86.36%) and had practiced yoga for an average of 8-10 years (40.91%).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A pragmatic qualitative approach was taken that included the adoption of a constructivist, narrative, meaning-making ontology, hermeneutic epistemology, and interpretivist axiology. Interviews were conducted on Zoom, recorded, and transcribed verbatim.</p><p><strong>Analysis used: </strong>Interviews were coded independently by two team members following reflexive thematic analysis procedures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two major themes, structural and functional components, covered the five main subthemes that explained why yoga was beneficial for mental well-being and highlighted the self-sustaining nature of yoga practice: (1) the yoga environment, (2) personnel, (3) strengthening of mind and body during practice, (4) transfer of skills, and (5) giving back. The practitioners described how their yoga journeys supported their mental well-being and encouraged the long-term maintenance of their yoga practices. A conceptual model will be presented that incorporates the major themes and provides an explanation of why practitioners continue to practice yoga.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides insight into how yoga's mental well-being benefits affect adherence, and ultimately, informs our understanding of yoga as a self-sustaining practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":14436,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Yoga","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10919406/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140093975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Heart Rate Variability Parameters between Surya Namaskar and Stationary Bike Exercise Groups.","authors":"Varun Malhotra, Tanusha Pathak, Danish Javed, Santosh Wakode, Avinash Thakare, Ragini Shrivastava, Sunil Chouhan, Francisco J Cidral Filho","doi":"10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_172_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_172_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Yoga practice has multiple health benefits. Surya Namaskar (SN) also known as sun salutation presents mental and physical health benefits equivalent to physical exercise. It consists of a sequence of 12 Hatha yoga postures with coordinated breathing.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study evaluated the effect of SN against mild intensity stationary cycling exercise (SCE) on parameters of heart rate variability (HRV).</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This study was conducted in the department of physiology of a nationally important institute after obtaining ethics approval. A total of 40 healthy participants (males aged 46 ± 2.3 years) were enrolled in the study and divided into two groups, namely SN group and exercise group (SG and EG). The allocation on the group was based on subjects' choice and interest in performing SN or SCE. Baseline HRV, anthropometric measurement, and blood pressure were assessed. SG was subjected to 14 rounds of SN in about 20 min and EG to a 20-min mild-intensity stationary cycling session (30%-50% maximal heart rate). Assessments were conducted preexercise and postexercise recovery. HRV was assessed with the NeuralChek device.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SN led to increased SDNN, pNN50, RMSSD, and total power, indicating improved autonomic balance, cardiovascular health, and parasympathetic dominance. Conversely, SCE decreased SDNN, pNN50, and RMSSD, suggesting immediate postexercise sympathetic dominance. Spectral analysis of HRV highlighted autonomic balance differences, with SN increasing low frequency (LF%) reflecting both sympathetic and parasympathetic dominance, whereas exercise reduced LF% due to sympathetic activation. Minimal changes were observed in high-frequency percentage. SN combines flexibility, strength, and balance, providing a balanced physical activity. This balance results in a mixed autonomic response, with sympathetic activity for the physical effort and parasympathetic activity for the relaxation components.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SN positively impacted HRV, promoting parasympathetic dominance and cardiovascular health, whereas exercise induced sympathetic activation with potential recovery benefits. Monitoring HRV offers insights into cardiovascular fitness and well-being. The study underscores the merits of incorporating yoga such as SN into daily activity routines.</p>","PeriodicalId":14436,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Yoga","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10919408/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140093913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}