Invertebrate Neuroscience最新文献_第9页

“The Natural History of the Crustacea”: Volume 3, “Nervous Systems and Control of Behavior,” edited by Charles Derby and Martin Thiel, and Volume 4 “Physiology,” edited by Ernest Chang and Martin Thiel 《甲壳类动物的自然史》:第三卷“神经系统和行为控制”，由查尔斯·德比和马丁·蒂尔编辑;第四卷“生理学”，由欧内斯特·张和马丁·蒂尔编辑

Invertebrate Neuroscience Pub Date : 2015-04-21 DOI: 10.1007/s10158-015-0179-7

A. Wolstenholme

引用次数: 0

Pentylenetetrazol-induced seizure-like behavior and neural hyperactivity in the medicinal leech. 戊四唑诱导的药用水蛭癫痫样行为和神经亢进。

Invertebrate Neuroscience Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-01-09 DOI: 10.1007/s10158-014-0177-1

Elizabeth Hahn, Brian Burrell

{"title":"Pentylenetetrazol-induced seizure-like behavior and neural hyperactivity in the medicinal leech.","authors":"Elizabeth Hahn, Brian Burrell","doi":"10.1007/s10158-014-0177-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10158-014-0177-1","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the capacity of a known pro-epileptic drug, pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), to elicit seizure-like activity in the medicinal leech, Hirudo verbana. During in vivo experiments, PTZ elicited increased motor activity in a concentration-dependent manner with the highest concentration (10 mM) eliciting episodes of highly uncoordinated exploratory and swimming behavior. Co-application of the anti-epileptic drug, phenytoin, failed to reduce the absolute amount of PTZ-induced motor behavior, but was able to prevent expression of abnormal exploratory and swimming behaviors. During in vitro experiments in which extracellular recordings of connective nerve activity were made, bath application of 1 μM PTZ in Mg(2+)-free saline elicited a significant increase in spontaneous activity. This PTZ-induced increase in activity was completely inhibited by phenytoin. Interestingly, PTZ-induced hyperactivity was also blocked by co-application of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoyl glycerol and the selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluoxetine. These findings suggest that the leech can be a useful system in which to study potential anti-epileptic treatments.","PeriodicalId":14430,"journal":{"name":"Invertebrate Neuroscience","volume":"15 1","pages":"177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10158-014-0177-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32963234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Initial studies on the direct and modulatory effects of nitric oxide on an identified central Helix aspersa neuron. 一氧化氮对中央螺旋树突神经元的直接和调节作用的初步研究。

Invertebrate Neuroscience Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2014-11-08 DOI: 10.1007/s10158-014-0175-3

Nicholas J D Wright, Lynda J Sides, Kerry Walling

{"title":"Initial studies on the direct and modulatory effects of nitric oxide on an identified central Helix aspersa neuron.","authors":"Nicholas J D Wright, Lynda J Sides, Kerry Walling","doi":"10.1007/s10158-014-0175-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10158-014-0175-3","url":null,"abstract":"The generation of the novel messenger molecule nitric oxide (NO) has been demonstrated in many tissues across phyla including nervous systems. It is produced on demand by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase often stimulated by intracellular calcium and typically affecting guanylate cyclase thought to be its principal target in an auto and/or paracrine fashion. This results in the generation of the secondary messenger cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Nitric oxide synthase has been demonstrated in various mollusk brains and manipulation of NO levels has been shown to affect behavior in mollusks. Apart from modulation of the effect of the peptide GSPYFVamide, there appears little published on direct or modulatory effects of NO on Helix aspersa central neurons. We present here initial results to show that NO can be generated in the region around F1 in the right parietal ganglion and that NO and cGMP directly hyperpolarize this neuron. For example, application of the NO-donor S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D,L-penicillamine (SNAP; 200 µM) can cause a mean hyperpolarization of 41.7 mV, while 2 mM 8-bromo-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (8-bromo-cGMP) produced a mean hyperpolarization of 33.4 mV. Additionally, pre-exposure to NO-donors or cGMP appears to significantly reduce or even eliminates the normal hyperpolarizing K(+)-mediated response to dopamine (DA) by this neuron; 200 µM SNAP abolishes a standard response to 0.5 µM DA while 1 mM 8-bromo-cGMP reduces it 62%.","PeriodicalId":14430,"journal":{"name":"Invertebrate Neuroscience","volume":"15 1","pages":"175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10158-014-0175-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32801369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The method of isolation of the crayfish abdominal stretch receptor maintaining a connection of the sensory neuron to the ventral nerve cord ganglion. 保持感觉神经元与腹侧神经束神经节连接的小龙虾腹部拉伸受体的分离方法。

Invertebrate Neuroscience Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2014-11-06 DOI: 10.1007/s10158-014-0176-2

Andrej M Khaitin, Mikhail V Rudkovskii, Anatoly B Uzdensky

{"title":"The method of isolation of the crayfish abdominal stretch receptor maintaining a connection of the sensory neuron to the ventral nerve cord ganglion.","authors":"Andrej M Khaitin, Mikhail V Rudkovskii, Anatoly B Uzdensky","doi":"10.1007/s10158-014-0176-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10158-014-0176-2","url":null,"abstract":"The crayfish stretch receptor consisting of the single mechanoreceptor neurons enveloped by satellite glial cells is the simplest functioning neuroglial preparation. However, during isolation, its axons are usually transected that eliminates afferent regulation and induces complex axotomy-related signaling responses in neurons and satellite glia. We developed new microsurgical method of crayfish stretch receptor isolation, which preserves connections of sensory neurons to the ventral nerve cord ganglion. The stretch receptor may either remain on the abdominal carapace, or be completely isolated. In both cases, it may be either intact, or axotomized. The integrity of axons was confirmed by firing recording from proximal and distal axon points. Normal, necrotic and apoptotic cells were visualized using double fluorochroming with Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide. The isolated mechanoreceptor neurons maintain regular firing during 8-10 or more hours. Glial cells surrounding non-axotomized neurons demonstrate lower necrosis and apoptosis levels than the axotomized ones. Unlike the existing method, in which the sensory neurons were axotomized, the present method preserves links between the sensory neurons and the ganglion and makes possible to avoid consequences of axotomy in neurons and satellite glia. The present neuroglial preparation may be used as a simple but informative model object in studies of axotomy-induced degeneration and survival of peripheral neurons, the role of glia in neuron injury, the signaling mechanisms of neuroglial interactions, and the effects of diverse physical and chemical factors on neuronal and glial cells. ","PeriodicalId":14430,"journal":{"name":"Invertebrate Neuroscience","volume":"15 1","pages":"176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10158-014-0176-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32796770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Conserved and divergent processing of neuroligin and neurexin genes: from the nematode C. elegans to human. 神经素和神经素基因的保守和分化加工:从线虫到人类。

Invertebrate Neuroscience Pub Date : 2014-09-01 Epub Date: 2014-08-23 DOI: 10.1007/s10158-014-0173-5

Fernando Calahorro

{"title":"Conserved and divergent processing of neuroligin and neurexin genes: from the nematode C. elegans to human.","authors":"Fernando Calahorro","doi":"10.1007/s10158-014-0173-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10158-014-0173-5","url":null,"abstract":"Neuroligins are cell-adhesion proteins that interact with neurexins at the synapse. This interaction may contribute to differentiation, plasticity and specificity of synapses. In humans, single mutations in neuroligin-encoding genes are implicated in autism spectrum disorder and/or mental retardation. Moreover, some copy number variations and point mutations in neurexin-encoding genes have been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders including autism. Neurexins are subject to extensive alternative splicing, highly regulated in mammals, with a great physiological importance. In addition, neuroligins and neurexins are subjected to proteolytic processes that regulate synaptic transmission modifying pre- and postsynaptic activities and may also regulate the remodelling of spines at specific synapses. Four neuroligin genes exist in mice and five in human, whilst in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, there is only one orthologous gene. In a similar manner, in mammals, there are three neurexin genes, each of them encoding two major isoforms named α and β, respectively. In contrast, there is one neurexin gene in C. elegans that also generates two isoforms like mammals. The complexity of the genetic organization of neurexins is due to extensive processing resulting in hundreds of isoforms. In this review, a wide comparison is made between the genes in the nematode and human with a view to better understanding the conservation of processing in these synaptic proteins in C. elegans, which may serve as a genetic model to decipher the synaptopathies underpinning neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism. ","PeriodicalId":14430,"journal":{"name":"Invertebrate Neuroscience","volume":"14 2","pages":"79-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10158-014-0173-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32606696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Differing synaptic strengths between homologous mechanosensory neurons. 同源机械感觉神经元突触强度的差异。

Invertebrate Neuroscience Pub Date : 2014-09-01 Epub Date: 2014-02-14 DOI: 10.1007/s10158-014-0168-2

Kaitlin R Gibbons, Michael J Baltzley

{"title":"Differing synaptic strengths between homologous mechanosensory neurons.","authors":"Kaitlin R Gibbons, Michael J Baltzley","doi":"10.1007/s10158-014-0168-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10158-014-0168-2","url":null,"abstract":"Leeches have four mechanosensory pressure neurons (P cells) in each midbody ganglion. Within a ganglion, P cells show complex electrical and chemical connections that vary between species. In Hirudo verbana, stimulating one P cell causes a weak depolarization followed by a strong hyperpolarization in the other P cells; however, stimulating a P cell in Erpobdella obscura produces strong depolarizations in the other P cells. In this study, we examined interactions between P cells in the American medicinal leech Macrobdella decora. Not only is Macrobdella more closely related to Hirudo than to Erpobdella, but Hirudo and Macrobdella also have very similar behavioral responses to mechanical stimulation. Despite the phylogenetic relationship and behavioral similarities between the two species, we found that intracellular stimulation of one P cell in Macrobdella causes a depolarization in the other P cells, rather than the hyperpolarization seen in Hirudo. Experiments performed in a high Mg(2+), 0 Ca(2+) saline solution and a high Mg(2+), high Ca(2+) saline solution suggest that the P cells in Macrobdella have a monosynaptic excitatory connection, a polysynaptic inhibitory connection, and a weak electrical coupling, similar to the connections between P cells in Hirudo. The difference in net response of P cells between these two species seems to be based on differences in the strengths of the chemical connections. These results demonstrate that even when behavioral patterns are conserved in closely related species, the underlying neural circuitry is not necessarily tightly constrained.","PeriodicalId":14430,"journal":{"name":"Invertebrate Neuroscience","volume":"14 2","pages":"103-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10158-014-0168-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32115093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Glutamate-gated chloride channel subunit cDNA sequencing of Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae): cDNA variants and polymorphisms. 谷氨酸门控氯通道亚基cDNA测序(双翅目:蠓科):cDNA变异和多态性。

Invertebrate Neuroscience Pub Date : 2014-09-01 Epub Date: 2014-06-15 DOI: 10.1007/s10158-014-0172-6

Alberto Moura Mendes Lopes, Renato Assis de Carvalho, Ana Maria Lima de Azeredo-Espin

{"title":"Glutamate-gated chloride channel subunit cDNA sequencing of Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae): cDNA variants and polymorphisms.","authors":"Alberto Moura Mendes Lopes, Renato Assis de Carvalho, Ana Maria Lima de Azeredo-Espin","doi":"10.1007/s10158-014-0172-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10158-014-0172-6","url":null,"abstract":"The New World screwworm (NWS) Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) is one of the major myiasis-causing flies that injures livestock and leads to losses of ~US$ 2.7 billions/year in the Neotropics. Ivermectin (IVM), a macrocyclic lactone (ML), is the most used preventive insecticide for this parasite and targets the glutamate-gated chloride (GLUCLα) channels. Several authors have associated altered GluClα homologues to MLs resistance in invertebrates, although studies about resistance in NWS are limited to other genes. Here, we aimed to characterise the NWS GluClα (ChGluClα) cDNA and to search for alterations associated with IVM resistance in NWS larvae from a bioassay. The open reading frame of the ChGluClα comprised 1,359 bp and encoded a sequence of 452 amino acids. The ChGluClα cDNAs of the bioassay larvae showed different sequences that could be splice variants, which agree with the occurrence of alternative splicing in GluClα homologues. In addition, we found cDNAs with premature stop codons and the K242R SNP, which occurred more frequently in the surviving larvae and was located close to mutation (L256F) involved in ML resistance. Although these alterations were in low frequency, the ChGluClα sequencing will allow further studies to find alterations in the gene of resistant natural populations.","PeriodicalId":14430,"journal":{"name":"Invertebrate Neuroscience","volume":"14 2","pages":"137-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10158-014-0172-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32423383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Divergent and convergent roles for insulin-like peptides in the worm, fly and mammalian nervous systems. 胰岛素样肽在蠕虫、苍蝇和哺乳动物神经系统中的分化和趋同作用。

Invertebrate Neuroscience Pub Date : 2014-09-01 Epub Date: 2014-01-07 DOI: 10.1007/s10158-013-0166-9

Hiu E Lau, Sreekanth H Chalasani

引用次数: 11

Novel markers identify nervous system components of the holothurian nervous system. 新的标记识别全息图神经系统的神经系统成分。

Invertebrate Neuroscience Pub Date : 2014-09-01 Epub Date: 2014-04-17 DOI: 10.1007/s10158-014-0169-1

Carlos A Díaz-Balzac, Lionel D Vázquez-Figueroa, José E García-Arrarás

{"title":"Novel markers identify nervous system components of the holothurian nervous system.","authors":"Carlos A Díaz-Balzac, Lionel D Vázquez-Figueroa, José E García-Arrarás","doi":"10.1007/s10158-014-0169-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10158-014-0169-1","url":null,"abstract":"Echinoderms occupy a key position in the evolution of deuterostomes. As such, the study of their nervous system can shed important information on the evolution of the vertebrate nervous system. However, the study of the echinoderm nervous system has lagged behind when compared to that of other invertebrates due to the lack of tools available. In this study, we tested three commercially available antibodies as markers of neural components in holothurians. Immunohistological experiments with antibodies made against the mammalian transcription factors Pax6 and Nurr1, and against phosphorylated histone H3 showed that these markers identified cells and fibers within the nervous system of Holothuria glaberrima. Most of the fibers recognized by these antibodies were co-labeled with the well-known neural marker, RN1. Additional experiments showed that similar immunoreactivity was found in the nervous tissue of three other holothurian species (Holothuria mexicana, Leptosynapta clarki and Sclerodactyla briareus), thus extending our findings to the three orders of Holothuroidea. Furthermore, these markers identified different subdivisions of the holothurian nervous system. Our study presents three additional markers of the holothurian nervous system, expanding the available toolkit to study the anatomy, physiology, development and evolution of the echinoderm nervous system.","PeriodicalId":14430,"journal":{"name":"Invertebrate Neuroscience","volume":"14 2","pages":"113-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10158-014-0169-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32268263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Galantamine reverses scopolamine-induced behavioral alterations in Dugesia tigrina. 加兰他敏可逆转东莨菪碱诱导的顽变性Dugesia的行为改变。

Invertebrate Neuroscience Pub Date : 2014-09-01 Epub Date: 2014-01-09 DOI: 10.1007/s10158-013-0167-8

Latha Ramakrishnan, Christina Amatya, Cassie J DeSaer, Zachary Dalhoff, Michael R Eggerichs

{"title":"Galantamine reverses scopolamine-induced behavioral alterations in Dugesia tigrina.","authors":"Latha Ramakrishnan, Christina Amatya, Cassie J DeSaer, Zachary Dalhoff, Michael R Eggerichs","doi":"10.1007/s10158-013-0167-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10158-013-0167-8","url":null,"abstract":"In planaria (Dugesia tigrina), scopolamine, a nonselective muscarinic receptor antagonist, induced distinct behaviors of attenuated motility and C-like hyperactivity. Planarian locomotor velocity (pLMV) displayed a dose-dependent negative correlation with scopolamine concentrations from 0.001 to 1.0 mM, and a further increase in scopolamine concentration to 2.25 mM did not further decrease pLMV. Planarian hyperactivity counts was dose-dependently increased following pretreatment with scopolamine concentrations from 0.001 to 0.5 mM and then decreased for scopolamine concentrations ≥ 1 mM. Planarian learning and memory investigated using classical Pavlovian conditioning experiments demonstrated that scopolamine (1 mM) negatively influenced associative learning indicated by a significant decrease in % positive behaviors from 86 % (control) to 14 % (1 mM scopolamine) and similarly altered memory retention, which is indicated by a decrease in % positive behaviors from 69 % (control) to 27 % (1 mM scopolamine). Galantamine demonstrated a complex behavior in planarian motility experiments since co-application of low concentrations of galantamine (0.001 and 0.01 mM) protected planaria against 1 mM scopolamine-induced motility impairments; however, pLMV was significantly decreased when planaria were tested in the presence of 0.1 mM galantamine alone. Effects of co-treatment of scopolamine and galantamine on memory retention in planaria via classical Pavlovian conditioning experiments showed that galantamine (0.01 mM) partially reversed scopolamine (1 mM)-induced memory deficits in planaria as the % positive behaviors increased from 27 to 63 %. The results demonstrate, for the first time in planaria, scopolamine's effects in causing learning and memory impairments and galantamine's ability in reversing scopolamine-induced memory impairments.","PeriodicalId":14430,"journal":{"name":"Invertebrate Neuroscience","volume":"14 2","pages":"91-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10158-013-0167-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32010877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10