{"title":"Effects of fungal biodegradation on structure–property relationships of medium density fibre board and hybrid polypropylene composite made from sugar-cane residue","authors":"E. Nadali, M. Tajvidi, R. Naghdi","doi":"10.1080/20426445.2021.1910169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2021.1910169","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper reports an in-depth comparative study on the effects of Trametes versicolor on sugar-cane residue polypropylene composite and medium density fibre board. The samples were subjected to the fungus at 25°C and 75% relative humidity either for 2 or 4 months. Mass, bending strength, elastic modulus, hardness, and equilibrium moisture content (EMC) of both products reduced, while water absorption and thickness swelling increased due to biodegradation. The rates of mass, bending strength, elastic modulus, hardness, and EMC reductions, and water absorption and thickness swelling increases in MDFs were far higher than those of the composites, indicating the lesser susceptibility of the latter samples. Elastic modulus of the composites and hardness of MDFs were more adversely affected under fungal attack, whereas hardness underwent higher rates of reduction in the composites, as compared to the other properties. Scanning electron microscopy was conducted to characterise the alterations in mechanical properties.","PeriodicalId":14414,"journal":{"name":"International Wood Products Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20426445.2021.1910169","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47685071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Applicability of the torsion test and photogrammetric approach on structural timber beams","authors":"A. Mohamed, K. Uheida, Y. Quan, Hexin Zhang","doi":"10.1080/20426445.2021.1952047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2021.1952047","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The torsion test is recommended as a standard approach to determine the shear modulus of structural-size timber and glulam beams. However, there is difficulty in measuring the rotational deformations of timber beams. A stereo camera system and photogrammetric approach are therefore proposed in this study. This study evaluates the applicability of the proposed photogrammetric approach to the torsion testing method on solid timber beams. Tests were performed comparing rotational values of specific points determined by the photogrammetric approach with those measured by traditional devices. Remarkable findings were obtained which may help to develop an outline for future research in the field of evaluating material properties of timber beams. The results also showed that the optical system not only allowed the assessment of performance and reliability of traditional sensors, but also allowed monitoring the deformation of samples at various locations by providing more information which would be unobtainable using traditional techniques.","PeriodicalId":14414,"journal":{"name":"International Wood Products Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20426445.2021.1952047","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41386439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Improved bending strength of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) timber relative to Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi Carr) grown in Korea","authors":"S. Jang, C. Kang, H. Kolya","doi":"10.1080/20426445.2021.1930860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2021.1930860","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Small-diameter logs are intended to function as high-value structural timber. Bending strength properties is an essential phenomenon for structural lumber. Herein, the modulus of elasticity, the modulus of rupture and the allowable bending stress (ABS) of domestic (Korea) small and large-diameter larch and large diameter Douglas fir timber were measured and compared according to the standard of ASTM D 2915. Samples were visually graded as Grade 1 to Grade 4 following the provisions included in KS F 3021.2013. The large-diameter Douglas fir timber (Grade 1 to Grade 4) exhibited the highest MOE value, but in Grade 4, it showed the lowest MOR value compared with the small and large diameter of larch timber. The ABS of small-diameter larch was 12.0 MPa, higher relative to KBC 2009 Grade 1 structural lumber (8.0 MPa). The ABS of large-diameter of larch and Douglas fir timber exhibited 15.5 and 18.1 MPa, respectively.","PeriodicalId":14414,"journal":{"name":"International Wood Products Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20426445.2021.1930860","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41517778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Santos, H. Vieira, Tawani Lorena Naide, D. Souza, G. I. Muñiz, P. Soffiatti, S. Nisgoski
{"title":"Vis spectroscopy and CIELAB parameters of six wood species of the Fabaceae family marketed in the Brazilian Amazon","authors":"J. Santos, H. Vieira, Tawani Lorena Naide, D. Souza, G. I. Muñiz, P. Soffiatti, S. Nisgoski","doi":"10.1080/20426445.2021.1929763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2021.1929763","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of colorimetry to characterize six species (Hymenolobium petraeum, Dipteryx odorata, Ormosia sp., Enterolobium maximum, Hymenaea courbaril e Pseudopiptadenia suaveolens) of the Fabaceae family. Wood samples were collected in extractivist communities in Pará state, Brazil. Colour data were obtained randomly on the three anatomical sections, along with reflectance spectra in the range of 360–740 nm. All analyses were carried out with RStudio. In general, reflectance spectra were similar for all species. However, for the Principal Component Analysis results, P. suaveolens stood out. The colorimetric parameters L*, b* and C*, in radial sections, are more important on colour results of the majority of wood samples. Colorimetry spectroscopy showed potential for characterizing some Fabaceae species. Therefore, the technique can serve as a support tool for better identification of this group, contributing to the reduction of ecological and socio-economic damage.","PeriodicalId":14414,"journal":{"name":"International Wood Products Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20426445.2021.1929763","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46466007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cross-sector collaboration in Oregon’s forest sector: insights from owners and CEOs","authors":"J. E. Guerrero, E. Hansen","doi":"10.1080/20426445.2021.1889164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2021.1889164","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Cross-sector collaboration is emphasized as a means for forest sector companies to remain competitive in a global marketplace that is evolving toward greater use of bio-based products (bioeconomy). Nevertheless, questions remain regarding how companies can identify and develop innovations via cross-sector collaboration. This study addresses the potential of Oregon forest sector companies to collaborate with other sectors. Results show interest in collaboration among leaders of Oregon companies, given expectations of knowledge acquisition, increased capacity for innovation, and enhanced profitability. However, leaders describe a hesitancy within their companies as well as a host of changes that must take place before collaboration is likely. Suggestions include generational changes of leadership, more specialized employees, and building trust with potential partners. A traditional, conservative industry/company culture was the key barrier to collaboration. Despite opportunities promised by cross-sector collaboration, considerable development within companies is likely needed before cross-sector collaboration opportunities can be capitalized on.","PeriodicalId":14414,"journal":{"name":"International Wood Products Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20426445.2021.1889164","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48181744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Japarudin, M. Lapammu, A. Alwi, K. Chiu, M. Ghaffariyan, Mark Brown, R. Meder
{"title":"Veneering and sawing performance of plantation-grown Eucalyptus pellita, aged 7–23 years, in Borneo Malaysia","authors":"Y. Japarudin, M. Lapammu, A. Alwi, K. Chiu, M. Ghaffariyan, Mark Brown, R. Meder","doi":"10.1080/20426445.2020.1871275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2020.1871275","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRAC Plantation-grown, high-value timber species producing high-value end products are key to optimising land utilisation in Sabah and Sarawak states in Borneo, Malaysia, while meeting the demand for downstream processing. Eucalyptus pellita is one such species suitable for the tropical climatic conditions and exhibits considerable potential for solid wood and veneer production. The characteristics of E. pellita grown in Sabah, demonstrate the need for an appropriate silviculture management and downstream processing strategy to optimise the quality and quantity of veneer and sawn board. Recovery from E. pellita resources has demonstrated the average volume recovery of dry-graded veneer ranged from 38.1 to 49.5%, whereas the average dried board volume ranged from 48.5 to 57.9%. If E. pellita is to be grown on short rotations as a peeler resource, an appropriate pruning regime is needed to maximise the volume of clearwood. The greatest cause of volume loss was end-splitting in the recovery of veneer and solid timber.","PeriodicalId":14414,"journal":{"name":"International Wood Products Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20426445.2020.1871275","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47114579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Grigorev, A. Shadrin, S. Katkov, Vyacheslav Borisov, V. Druzyanova, Irina Gnatovskaya, R. Diev, N. Kaznacheeva, D. Levushkin, D. Akinin
{"title":"Russian sawmill modernization (a case study). Part 2: improving the efficiency of wood chipping operations","authors":"I. Grigorev, A. Shadrin, S. Katkov, Vyacheslav Borisov, V. Druzyanova, Irina Gnatovskaya, R. Diev, N. Kaznacheeva, D. Levushkin, D. Akinin","doi":"10.1080/20426445.2020.1871276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2020.1871276","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Given the upward trend of deforestation in the world, improving the quality of wood waste sorting operations is a major challenge in forestry from the perspective of energy saving and environmental conservation. The quality of wood chips defines their further application, whether it is production or fuel. The second case study presents a new approach to the problem of sorting wood chips for increasing their quality using machine learning and laser scanning technology. The proposed methodology includes functions to analyse the fractional size distribution among wood chips and rot detection. It shows that once a defective chip is detected, the quality control system will automatically remove it from the conveyor belt while it is moving. The minimization of wood waste will reduce logging intensity and increase the profitability of lumber enterprises.","PeriodicalId":14414,"journal":{"name":"International Wood Products Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20426445.2020.1871276","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49658472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of moisture cycling on lateral resistance of resin-impregnated compressed beech nails in radiata pine timber","authors":"C. Gerber, Krizza Collado, J. Morrell","doi":"10.1080/20426445.2021.1906389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2021.1906389","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Resin impregnated wood nails create an opportunity to use more renewable materials in place of metal fasteners, but there are few data on the effects of moisture cycling on performance. The properties of resin impregnated, compressed beech nails that had been subjected to repeated wetting and drying were compared with steel nails using radiata pine lumber. Sections cycled between ∼12 and ∼50% moisture content were destructively tested in shear. Capacity increased slightly with exposure to one moisture cycle for both connector types. Significant negative effects on wooden nail stiffness were only observed after 5 or 7 moisture cycles. Metal nails failed in a ductile fashion while the timber connectors failed in a brittle mode. The results suggest that wood fasteners can withstand some wetting, but repeated moisture cycling will be detrimental to performance.","PeriodicalId":14414,"journal":{"name":"International Wood Products Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20426445.2021.1906389","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47255393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Image perception for adolescent of mortise-and-tenon joints in wooden buildings","authors":"F. Chao, Tsung-hsun Chuang","doi":"10.1080/20426445.2020.1827860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2020.1827860","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Wooden structure and the process of extracting elements are performed together with the adolescent. Young people have gradually forgotten ancient wisdom hidden in traditional objects. Traditional East Asian wooden architecture use mortise-and-tenon joints with various types. We have summarized the main types of wood structure joints and selected joint styles for image perception analysis. First, the joint structure is simplified, and the CAD digital model of the objects was established to facilitate the understanding of its structures and assembly approach. Second, connecting elements were extracted into five functions and shape types. Four stages questionnaires were used to survey feedback to verify the main recognizable features. The initiative’s primary intended outcome is 30 adjective with each sample which have differences in their cognition. After summing up by factor analysis, they can more clearly know the difference in image cognition between mortise-and-tenon samples.","PeriodicalId":14414,"journal":{"name":"International Wood Products Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20426445.2020.1827860","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42871388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U. Wilson, A. Adedeji, J. Alomaja, J. Sani, O. Babatunde, P. Abubakar
{"title":"Comparative reliability assessment of a solid, box and I-section Nigerian-grown African birch (Anogeissus leiocarpus) timber column","authors":"U. Wilson, A. Adedeji, J. Alomaja, J. Sani, O. Babatunde, P. Abubakar","doi":"10.1080/20426445.2020.1808400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20426445.2020.1808400","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A structural reliability analysis was carried out on the Nigerian-grown African birch timber to ascertain its performance as a structural timber column for solid, box and I built-up sections using FORTRAN language. By varying its depth, length and the axial load supported by the column, results obtained reveal that the timber is adequate for use as solid timber column at a depth and breadth of 150 mm, an effective height of 3600 mm and an axial load of 260 kN with its probability of failure as 8.85 × 10−3. The corresponding I-section was found to be unsafe, whereas the box-section supported the design load with a probability of failure of 1.6 × 10−6. For the design dimension (150 × 150 mm), the solid section has a compressive capacity twice that of the I-section. The box-section has a capacity three times that of the I-section and twice that of the solid section at increased loads.","PeriodicalId":14414,"journal":{"name":"International Wood Products Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20426445.2020.1808400","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49065013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}