International Trade最新文献_第8页

International Trade and Transnational Insecurity: How Comparative Advantage and Power are Jointly Determined 国际贸易与跨国不安全:比较优势与实力如何共同决定

International Trade Pub Date : 2009-06-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1427142

Michelle R. Garfinkel, S. Skaperdas, Constantinos Syropoulos

引用次数: 19

Legal Issues on the Validity of the MFN Clauses in the EPAs 关于环境保护协定中最惠国条款有效性的法律问题

International Trade Pub Date : 2009-05-06 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.1400023

A. Ukpe

引用次数: 1

The Role of Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) in Switzerland: Importance and Alternatives from an Entrepreneurial Perspective 双边投资条约(BITs)在瑞士的作用:从企业家的角度看其重要性和替代方案

International Trade Pub Date : 2009-05-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1400747

Valentin Jentsch

{"title":"The Role of Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) in Switzerland: Importance and Alternatives from an Entrepreneurial Perspective","authors":"Valentin Jentsch","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1400747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1400747","url":null,"abstract":"Bilateral investment treaties (BITs) are instruments that aim at promoting and protecting foreign direct investment (FDI). Switzerland holds a leading position worldwide with regard to the negotiation and conclusion of BITs: The Swiss government has ratified 113 of such treaties so far, which means that about every 23rd BIT worldwide is concluded between Switzerland and a third state. Other alternatives for the protection of FDI include (i) political risk insurance (PRI), such as multilateral and national investment guarantees or private investment insurances, (ii) traditional diplomatic protection, and (iii) state contracts, such as concession agreements.The purpose of this paper is to analyze the importance of BITs as well as alternative instruments to safeguard FDI from an entrepreneurial perspective, and to verify whether Swiss enterprises investing abroad appreciate the efforts undertaken by their government. In this endeavor, the first part of the paper outlines the theoretical framework of different instruments offering political risk protection for FDI. The second part of the paper presents the results of an empirical analysis conducted in Switzerland. In this part, a qualitative analysis through explorative and semi-structured interviews, as well as a quantitative analysis using a two-page questionnaire was conducted.The results of the study indicate that BITs are accepted instruments to safeguard FDI in the community of states, and BITs will remain important to private sector companies as long as no multilateral agreement emerges. Particularly small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) appreciate these treaties, while state contracts seem to be the most important alternative to BITs, and PRI schemes are fairly unpopular among Swiss enterprises. Although the relationship between BITs and PRI is by far not clear, it is widely acknowledged among practitioners that there is a need for comprehensive strategies, including PRIs in the first place followed by BITs as well as other international institutions.","PeriodicalId":14396,"journal":{"name":"International Trade","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87606580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

A Special Safeguard Mechanism for Agricultural Imports and the Management of Reform 农产品进口特别保障机制与改革管理

International Trade Pub Date : 2009-05-01 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4927

J. Finger

{"title":"A Special Safeguard Mechanism for Agricultural Imports and the Management of Reform","authors":"J. Finger","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-4927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-4927","url":null,"abstract":"The record of traditional safeguard provisions of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and the World Trade Organization provides useful information about how a special agricultural safeguard might be made effective. The success of existing safeguard or flexibility provisions to sustain long-run liberalization programs stems from their requiring objective, transparent, and participatory decisions on the application of the import restrictions they allow. The proposed special agricultural safeguard expands by arithmetic formula the bounds within which a Member may impose a new import restriction. Analysis reported here suggests that the formulas provide a poor guide for policy, indicating that they would frequently prescribe action that is not needed and fail to prescribe action when it would be appropriate. Analysis of the existing agricultural safeguard, to which the special agricultural safeguard is similar, indicates that it has functioned not as an allowance for occasional response to unusual situations but as an expansion of the limits Members have accepted through tariff bindings. To be useful, the special agricultural safeguard should do more than provide formulas for import restrictions. It should provide for objective and participatory processes that would bring forward relevant information and guide an objective and balanced accounting of the interests at play.","PeriodicalId":14396,"journal":{"name":"International Trade","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83254274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Political Economy of Russian Trade Policy: Early Transition, Customs Unions, WTO Accession and Protection for Industrial Diversification 俄罗斯贸易政策的政治经济学:早期转型、关税同盟、加入WTO和工业多样化保护

International Trade Pub Date : 2009-04-29 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1396813

David G. Tarr

引用次数: 5

Temporary Migration and Bilateral Trade Flows 临时移民和双边贸易流动

International Trade Pub Date : 2009-04-29 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9701.2009.01167.x

M. Jansen, R. Piermartini

{"title":"Temporary Migration and Bilateral Trade Flows","authors":"M. Jansen, R. Piermartini","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9701.2009.01167.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2009.01167.x","url":null,"abstract":"Empirical evidence on migration and trade has established that permanent migration promotes trade. This finding has been interpreted as proof for the role of migrants in reducing trade-related transaction costs such as contract enforcement costs or information costs. This paper contributes to improving our understanding of trade-related transaction costs by analysing empirically whether temporary migrants, like permanent migrants, have an impact on bilateral trade flows. Temporary migrants can be expected to be less integrated in the host country than permanent migrants. At the same time, their knowledge of the home country can, on average, be expected to be more up-to-date. Our findings therefore give insights as to the relative importance of knowledge on the host and the home country for trade-related transaction costs. Using a gravity approach in our empirical analysis, we find that temporary migration has a positive and significant effect on trade and that temporary migration tends to have a stronger and more significant effect on both imports and exports than permanent migration. Interestingly, the role of temporary migrants in reducing trade costs does not appear to be associated with their skills.","PeriodicalId":14396,"journal":{"name":"International Trade","volume":"118 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72988066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 72

WTO as Moral Support WTO作为道义支持

International Trade Pub Date : 2009-04-27 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9396.2009.00827.x

T. Furusawa

引用次数: 3

Determinants of Competitiveness: Observations in China's Textile and Apparel Industries 竞争力的决定因素:对中国纺织服装行业的观察

International Trade Pub Date : 2009-04-27 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-124X.2009.01141.x

C. Lau, K. To, Zhiming Zhang, Jing Chen

引用次数: 29

Tariffs and Technology Transfer through an Intermediate Product 关税和通过中间产品进行的技术转让

International Trade Pub Date : 2009-04-27 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9396.2009.00826.x

Eiji Horiuchi, Jota Ishikawa

引用次数: 29

Income Effects, Wealth Effects, and Multiple Equilibria in Trade Models with Durable Goods 收入效应、财富效应和耐用品贸易模型的多重均衡

International Trade Pub Date : 2009-04-27 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9396.2009.00829.x

Eric W. Bond, Robert A. Driskill

{"title":"Income Effects, Wealth Effects, and Multiple Equilibria in Trade Models with Durable Goods","authors":"Eric W. Bond, Robert A. Driskill","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9396.2009.00829.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9396.2009.00829.x","url":null,"abstract":"We examine the conditions for multiplicity of equilibrium in a dynamic, two-country model of trade with a durable good of the type proposed by Shimomura (1993, 2004 ). If trade must balance in each period, we show that there will be a unique autarkic steady-state equilibrium and that the principle of comparative advantage will hold if the nondurable good is not inferior. A necessary condition for the existence of multiple steady-state equilibria with free trade is that the marginal propensity to consume a good be higher in the exporting country. We provide an example with three steady states where the \"extreme\" steady states are saddle points and the \"middle\" steady state will be either a source or a sink, depending on the intertemporal elasticity of substitution. If there is international lending, this example has the property that there is a range of initial endowments for which there are three distinct and Pareto-optimal (saddle) paths that can be equilibria. We also show that there must be a unique saddle path from any endowment point with international capital markets when preferences are identical, homothetic, and have constant intertemporal elasticity of substitution. Copyright 2009 The Authors. Journal compilation 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","PeriodicalId":14396,"journal":{"name":"International Trade","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90081324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2