{"title":"Probing the telltale physics: Towards a cyber-physical protocol to mitigate information corruption in smart grid systems","authors":"Jin Wei, D. Kundur, T. Zourntos, K. Butler-Purry","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2012.6486012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2012.6486012","url":null,"abstract":"We consider a cyber-physical perspective to the problem of identifying and mitigating information corruption in smart grid systems. We study the problem of transient stability with distributed control using real-time data from geographically distributed phasor measurement units via a flocking-based modeling paradigm. We demonstrate how cyber corruption can be identified through the effective use of telltale physical couplings within the power system.We develop a novel witness-based cyber-physical protocol whereby physical coherence is leveraged to probe and identify phasor measurement unit data corruption and estimate the true information values for attack mitigation.","PeriodicalId":143915,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Third International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128734476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preserving data integrity for smart grid data aggregation","authors":"Fengjun Li, Bo Luo","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2012.6486011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2012.6486011","url":null,"abstract":"In smart grid systems, secure in-network data aggregation approaches have been introduced to efficiently collect aggregation data, while preserving data privacy of individual meters. Nevertheless, it is also important to maintain the integrity of aggregate data in the presence of accidental errors and internal/external attacks. To ensure the correctness of the aggregation against unintentional errors, we introduce an end-to-end signature scheme, which generates a homomorphic signature for the aggregation result. The homomorphic signature scheme is compatible with the in-network aggregation schemes that are also based on homomorphic encryption, and supports efficient batch verifications of the aggregation results. Next, to defend against suspicious/compromised meters and external attacks, we present a hop-by-hop signature scheme and an incremental verification protocol. In this approach, signatures are managed distributedly and verification is only triggered in an ex post facto basis - when anomalies in the aggregation results are detected at the collector. The incremental verification process starts from the collector, and traces the anomaly in a breath-first manner. The abnormal node is identified within O(logN) iterations. Therefore, the verification process is computationally inexpensive, while ensuring faithfulness and undeniability properties.","PeriodicalId":143915,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Third International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115372564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Approximate solutions and performance bounds for the sensor placement problem","authors":"M. Uddin, A. Kuh, A. Kavcic, Toshihisa Tanaka","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2012.6485955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2012.6485955","url":null,"abstract":"This paper considers the placement of m sensors at n > m possible locations. Given noisy observations, knowledge of the state correlation matrix, and a mean square error criterion, the problem can be formulated as an integer programming problem. The solution for large m and n is infeasible, requiring us to look at approximate algorithms. Using properties of matrices, we come up with lower and upper bounds for the optimal solution performance. We also formulate a greedy algorithm and a dynamic programming algorithm that runs in polynomial time of m and n. Finally, we show through simulations that the greedy and dynamic programming algorithms very closely approximate the optimal solution. The sensor placement problem has many energy applications where we are often confronted with limited resources. Some examples include where to place environmental sensors for an area where there are large amounts of distributed solar PV and where to place grid monitors on an electrical distribution microgrid.","PeriodicalId":143915,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Third International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127239096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"LMP-based real time pricing for optimal capacity planning with maximal wind power integration","authors":"Chenye Wu, S. Kar","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2012.6485961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2012.6485961","url":null,"abstract":"With the proposed penetration of electric vehicles and advanced metering technology, the demand side is foreseen to play a major role in flexible energy consumption scheduling. On the other hand, over the past several years, there has been a growing interest for the utility companies to integrate more renewable energy resources. Such renewable resources, e.g., wind or solar, due to their intermittent nature, brought great uncertainty to the power grid system. In this paper, we propose a mechanism that attempts to mitigate the resulting grid operational uncertainty by properly exploiting the potentials offered by demand flexibility. To address the challenge, we develop a novel locational marginal price (LMP) based pricing scheme that involves active demand side participation by casting the network objectives as a two-stage Stackelberg game between the local grid operator and several aggregators. We use the solution concept of subgame perfect equilibrium to analyze the resulting game and derive the optimal pricing scheme. Subsequently, we discuss the optimal real time conventional capacity planning for the local grid operator to achieve the minimal mismatch between supply and demand with the wind power integration. Finally, we assess our proposed scheme with field data. The simulation results further confirm the optimality of our scheme and suggest reasonably well long term performance with simplified heuristic approaches.","PeriodicalId":143915,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Third International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125580825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Distributed control of generation in a transmission grid with a high penetration of renewables","authors":"Krishnamurthy Dvijotham, S. Backhaus, M. Chertkov","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2012.6486057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2012.6486057","url":null,"abstract":"Deviations of grid frequency from the nominal frequency are an indicator of the global imbalance between generation and load. Two types of control, a distributed proportional control and a centralized integral control, are currently used to keep frequency deviations small. Although generation-load imbalance can be very localized, both controls primarily rely on frequency deviation as their input. The time scales of control require the outputs of the centralized integral control to be communicated to distant generators every few seconds. We reconsider this control/communication architecture and suggest a hybrid approach that utilizes parameterized feedback policies that can be implemented in a fully distributed manner because the inputs to these policies are local observables at each generator. Using an ensemble of forecasts of load and time-intermittent generation representative of possible future scenarios, we perform a centralized off-line stochastic optimization to select the generator-specific feedback parameters. These parameters need only be communicated to generators once per control period (60 minutes in our simulations). We show that inclusion of local power flows as feedback inputs is crucial and reduces frequency deviations by a factor of ten. We demonstrate our control on a detailed transmission model of the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA). Our findings suggest that a smart automatic and distributed control, relying on advanced off-line and system-wide computations communicated to controlled generators infrequently, may be a viable control and communication architecture solution. This architecture is suitable for a future situation when generation-load imbalances are expected to grow because of increased penetration of time-intermittent generation.","PeriodicalId":143915,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Third International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130389705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of distributed grid intelligence platform for solid state transformer","authors":"Fei Wang, Xiang Lu, Wenye Wang, A. Huang","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2012.6486031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2012.6486031","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces the development of a platform intended as a distributed controller for grid intelligence (DGI) system at FREEDM Systems Center. This platform serves as both a hard real-time local converter controller and a communication node for distributed deployment of energy management schemes. One of the converter devices it controls is the solid state transformer (SST), one of the key elements to interface renewable energy sources into distribution system in FREEDM Center. Both the hardware design and software structure for SST control are presented in this paper. For the communication part, the Distributed Network Protocol (DNP) 3.0 is adopted to congregate multiple SSTs to balance local generation and demands in a coordinated manner. Experiment results are presented to show that this distributed platform has good performance.","PeriodicalId":143915,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Third International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116623294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A heterogeneous WiMAX-WLAN network for AMI communications in the smart grid","authors":"Reduan H. Khan, J. Khan","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2012.6486070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2012.6486070","url":null,"abstract":"The unique characteristics of advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) communications such as large number of devices, small data burst transmission, high reliability and variable propagation conditions require a robust communication network to serve them in an efficient and scalable manner. Being the two promising technologies of the next generation wireless networks, the synergic operation of WiMAX and WLAN can significantly improve the cost and efficiency of an AMI network by extending transmission range, improving link quality and allowing flexible data aggregation to reduce signalling and protocol overheads. In this paper, we provide some of our initial studies on a WiMAX-WLAN heterogeneous network (Hetnet) architecture for AMI communications in the smart grid. Using a basic numerical analysis and discrete event simulation models based on OPNET, we compare the behaviour and performance of a WiMAX-WLAN Hetnet with a standalone WiMAX network. The results indicate that the Hetnet provides a significant performance edge over the standalone network in terms of capacity, coverage and latency.","PeriodicalId":143915,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Third International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131257179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qing Wang, Junsong Wang, Yonghua Lin, Jianbin Tang, Z. Zhu
{"title":"Interference management for smart grid communication under cognitive wireless network","authors":"Qing Wang, Junsong Wang, Yonghua Lin, Jianbin Tang, Z. Zhu","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2012.6485991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2012.6485991","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless communication in smart grid is a typical scenario of Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication. For a smart grid communication system, the requirements for stability, security and reliability are more strict than those for other M2M applications. Interference management is one of the key challenges to ensure the wireless system working with stability and reliability. The interferences may come from the existed SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) system, or some unknown devices using the same spectrum band occasionally. In this paper, we propose a novel mechanism for a WiMAX based system to manage various in-band interferences under cognitive environment, which are meaningful when there is no dedicated spectrum resource assigned for the new system or at the stage for system evolution from narrow band to broadband. We design the periodical sensing (PS) process during the normal wireless communication to obtain the realtime interference information and define the cross layer message between PHY and MAC to deliver the interference information to downlink and uplink respectively. Based on the time and frequency domain analysis for PS data, we classify received interferences into several types and execute corresponding management methods to reduce the influences caused by interferences. Through the field test in two cities, it proves that the interference management mechanism we proposed is effective.","PeriodicalId":143915,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Third International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131969675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cost modeling of response actions for automated response and recovery in AMI","authors":"Ahmed M. Fawaz, R. Berthier, W. Sanders","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2012.6486008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2012.6486008","url":null,"abstract":"The smart grid is creating new security vulnerabilities due to the deployment of networked devices into the traditional grid. A core component of the smart grid is the advanced metering infrastructures (AMIs), which increase the attack surface due to smart devices deployed at households. Manual management of security incidents in such a large and complex system is impractical, and the need for automated response and recovery to attacks is critical. This paper addresses that challenge through two main contributions. First, we introduce and classify an extended set of AMI-specific cyber incident response actions. Second, we define a cost model and an approach to translate security properties into monetary costs. The cost model is a key element in enabling an automated response engine to make optimal decisions and mitigate cyber incidents.","PeriodicalId":143915,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Third International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131795998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Online quickest multiarmed bandit algorithm for distributive renewable energy resources","authors":"Yi Huang, L. Lai, Husheng Li, Wei Chen, Zhu Han","doi":"10.1109/SmartGridComm.2012.6486044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SmartGridComm.2012.6486044","url":null,"abstract":"Distributive renewable energy resource (DRER) system is one key research in smart grid technology. One important challenge is to select the best among many DRERs. In this paper, we develop an online quickest multiarmed bandit algorithm to determine the best choice of DRERs as few samples as possible, under the constraint of accuracy. We derive the close form for the confident interval and obtain an upper bound for the expected regret for the proposed scheme. From the simulation results, we can show that a user can effectively switch and select the best DRER with the minimum delay while balancing the exploitation and exploration.","PeriodicalId":143915,"journal":{"name":"2012 IEEE Third International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121745018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}