International journal of pharmaceutical compounding最新文献_第5页

Specific Features of Allergic Reaction to Metals: From Aetiology to Prevention. 金属过敏反应的特点：从病因到预防。

International journal of pharmaceutical compounding Pub Date : 2025-09-01

Maria Zofia Lisiecka

{"title":"Specific Features of Allergic Reaction to Metals: From Aetiology to Prevention.","authors":"Maria Zofia Lisiecka","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to investigate the principal characteristics of allergic diseases caused by common allergenic metals. For this, a thorough search of relevant information presented for 2018-2023 in the Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases was conducted. The study found that one third of the world's population suffers from allergies, and 20% of them are diagnosed with metal allergies. To date, 45 metals have been identified as causing allergic reactions. The main routes of exposure to metals are inhalation, contact, oral, and parenteral. The following diseases develop as a result of metal exposure: various types of contact dermatitis, urticaria, anaphylactic reactions, conjunctivitis, rhinitis, ulcerative colitis, arthralgia, stomatitis, gingivitis, and bronchial asthma. The main diagnostic method is the patch test. Allergy treatment depends on the type of allergic reaction. In case of immediate allergic reactions, emergency treatment with epinephrine is required. For diseases that develop as delayed allergic reactions, the use of corticosteroids and antihistamines is effective. Allergenic metals should be avoided to prevent the onset and development of allergies. For this, it is advisable to use gloves, protective creams, and masks. It is essential to carefully read the composition of the products used and individually select alternative non-allergenic materials. The prescription of a diet aimed at correcting the content of metals in the body improves the general condition of patients and reduces the severity of symptoms. Thus, metal allergy is a common pathology that causes the development of a wide range of diseases of varying severity.","PeriodicalId":14381,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pharmaceutical compounding","volume":"29 5","pages":"371-386"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145336964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

SyrSpend® SF PH 4 as a Safe Vehicle for Extemporaneous Oral Suspensions: Microbiological Stability of Seven APIs. syspend®SF PH 4作为临时口服混悬液的安全载体：7种原料药的微生物稳定性

International journal of pharmaceutical compounding Pub Date : 2025-09-01

Carolina Schettino Kegele, Eli Dijkers, Hudson Polonini

{"title":"SyrSpend® SF PH 4 as a Safe Vehicle for Extemporaneous Oral Suspensions: Microbiological Stability of Seven APIs.","authors":"Carolina Schettino Kegele, Eli Dijkers, Hudson Polonini","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"SyrSpend® SF PH4 is a preservative-free oral suspending vehicle widely used in extemporaneous compounding. While its chemical stability has been previously demonstrated for various active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), microbiological stability data remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate the microbiological stability of oral suspensions containing dapsone, griseofulvin, levofloxacin, terbinafine, indometacin, naproxen, and paracetamol in SyrSpend® SF PH4, under both room temperature and refrigerated conditions. Formulations were assessed over 90 days for physical appearance and pH. Antimicrobial effectiveness testing (AET) was conducted according to USP <51> against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus brasiliensis. All formulations maintained stable pH and appearance throughout the study. AET results showed a reduction of microbial counts to below detectable levels (log 1.0) by day 14, sustained through day 28, meeting USP <51> acceptance criteria. SyrSpend® SF PH4 effectively preserved the microbiological integrity of all tested formulations without added preservatives. These findings complement existing chemical stability data and support the use of SyrSpend® SF PH4 as a safe and effective vehicle for extemporaneous oral suspensions, particularly in populations requiring preservative-free formulations.","PeriodicalId":14381,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pharmaceutical compounding","volume":"29 5","pages":"420-429"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145337032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Problems of Antibiotic Resistance in Sepsis in Intensive Care Units: A Review of Current Research. 重症监护病房脓毒症的抗生素耐药性问题：当前研究综述。

International journal of pharmaceutical compounding Pub Date : 2025-09-01

Aneta Królak-Ulinska, Piotr Merks, Beata Sierzputowska, Tomasz Sierzputowski, Ganna Zaychenko

{"title":"Problems of Antibiotic Resistance in Sepsis in Intensive Care Units: A Review of Current Research.","authors":"Aneta Królak-Ulinska, Piotr Merks, Beata Sierzputowska, Tomasz Sierzputowski, Ganna Zaychenko","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of antibiotic resistance in intensive care units (ICU) is of great concern because of the growing threat to patient and health care system health. The aim of the study is to comprehensively analyse the prevalence, risk factors, clinical implications and strategies to combat antibiotic resistance in sepsis. Methods include a systematic literature review and evaluation of the effectiveness of different approaches based on empirical evidence. Alarming levels of resistance to reserve-line antibiotics have been observed among Gram-negative pathogens in ICU. Irrational use of antibiotics, lack of adherence to infection control measures and limited implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programmes are key factors contributing to the development and spread of resistance. Infections caused by resistant pathogens are associated with increased mortality, risk of complications, longer hospitalization and higher treatment costs. This creates a situation where opportunities for effective antibiotic therapy become exhausted. Sepsis caused by resistant pathogens significantly complicates treatment and worsens prognosis, increasing the risk of complications and mortality. Overcoming the problem of antibiotic resistance requires a comprehensive approach that includes the development of new antibiotics, rational use of existing drugs, strengthening infection control measures, improving epidemiological surveillance and exploring alternative therapeutic strategies. Antibiotic stewardship programmes (ASPs), infection control measures and combined strategies have demonstrated the greatest effectiveness in combating the spread of resistance in ICU. This study contributes to the understanding of the magnitude of the antibiotic resistance problem and offers specific recommendations for improving clinical practice and health policy.","PeriodicalId":14381,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pharmaceutical compounding","volume":"29 5","pages":"351-365"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145336957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Immediate Use Compounding Sterile Products (CSP)- Need of Alternative Sterility Testing Method- A Review. 立即使用复合无菌产品(CSP)-需要替代无菌检测方法-综述

International journal of pharmaceutical compounding Pub Date : 2025-09-01

Kumaravelrajan Rajagopal, Suba Venkatesan

引用次数: 0

Real-Time Chemical, Microbiological, and Physical Stability of Extemporaneously Compounded Amiloride Nasal Spray Over 90 Days at Refrigerated and Room Temperatures. 临时复合阿米洛利鼻喷雾剂在冷藏和室温下90天的实时化学、微生物学和物理稳定性

International journal of pharmaceutical compounding Pub Date : 2025-09-01

Brandon Renninger, Ben R Sayre, Marco Battaglia, Simon Davies, Casey L Sayre, Venkata Kashyap Yellepeddi

{"title":"Real-Time Chemical, Microbiological, and Physical Stability of Extemporaneously Compounded Amiloride Nasal Spray Over 90 Days at Refrigerated and Room Temperatures.","authors":"Brandon Renninger, Ben R Sayre, Marco Battaglia, Simon Davies, Casey L Sayre, Venkata Kashyap Yellepeddi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Amiloride is a commonly known FDA-approved diuretic used to treat hypertension and congestive heart failure. In more recent years, it has been postulated that it might also serve as an anxiolytic agent due to its agonistic effects on acid-sensing ion channels (ASIC). An intranasal administration of an extemporaneously compounded amiloride would allow for easy and rapid access to the site of action to alleviate symptoms of anxiety and other related disorders. However, compounded patient-preparations do not have the chemical stability or pre-formulation characterization that typical manufactured dosage forms have. The purpose of this study was to assess the real-time chemical, microbiological, and physical stability of extemporaneously compounded amiloride nasal spray over the course of 90 days. This was accomplished via a validated, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method at designated and appropriate time points to reveal that amiloride remained highly chemically stable over 50 days at 4 and 20 degrees Celsius and retained sufficient stability after 90 days from initial compounding. Additionally, the physical stability of the solution when combined with the preservative benzyl alcohol was confirmed via visual inspection, pH monitoring, and measuring of turbidity.","PeriodicalId":14381,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pharmaceutical compounding","volume":"29 5","pages":"345-350"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145336989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Microbiological and Physical Stability of Extemporaneous Oral Suspensions Compounded with SyrSpend® SF PH4. syspend®SF PH4复合临时口服混悬液的微生物学和物理稳定性

International journal of pharmaceutical compounding Pub Date : 2025-09-01

Carolina Schettino Kegele, Eli Dijkers, Hudson Polonini

{"title":"Microbiological and Physical Stability of Extemporaneous Oral Suspensions Compounded with SyrSpend® SF PH4.","authors":"Carolina Schettino Kegele, Eli Dijkers, Hudson Polonini","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Extemporaneous oral suspensions are essential for patients who require flexible dosing or cannot swallow solid dosage forms, such as pediatric, geriatric, or immunocompromised patients. SyrSpend® SF PH4 is a preservative-free, sugar-free, and dye-free suspending vehicle designed to ensure both physical, chemical and microbiological stability in compounded formulations. This study evaluates the microbiological and physical stability of oral suspensions compounded with SyrSpend® SF PH4, containing a range of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) including propranolol, domperidone, ondansetron, dexamethasone, tacrolimus, allopurinol, clopidogrel, and folic acid. The chemical stability had been assessed in a previous study, in the same laboratory. Formulations were assessed over 90 days under room temperature and refrigerated conditions. Physical parameters such as appearance and pH remained stable throughout the study period. Antimicrobial effectiveness testing (AET), conducted according to United States Pharmacopoeia guidelines, demonstrated rapid and sustained microbial reduction across all tested organisms (C. albicans, A. brasiliensis, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and S. aureus), with counts reduced to below detectable limits by day 14 and maintained through day 28. These findings confirm the intrinsic preservative properties of SyrSpend® SF PH4 and support its use as a safe and effective vehicle for extemporaneous compounding, particularly when intended for vulnerable populations.","PeriodicalId":14381,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pharmaceutical compounding","volume":"29 5","pages":"409-419"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145337013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Physical Compatibility of Ertapenem and Meropenem in 0.45% Normal Saline and Plasma-Lyte A. 厄他培南和美罗培南在0.45%生理盐水和血浆A中的物理相容性。

International journal of pharmaceutical compounding Pub Date : 2025-09-01

Berah Brown, Jacquelyn Schemmel, Justin P Reinert, Gabriella Baki, Mitchell S Howard, Mariann D Churchwell

{"title":"Physical Compatibility of Ertapenem and Meropenem in 0.45% Normal Saline and Plasma-Lyte A.","authors":"Berah Brown, Jacquelyn Schemmel, Justin P Reinert, Gabriella Baki, Mitchell S Howard, Mariann D Churchwell","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Intravenous medications and fluids must be compatible to ensure patient safety and optimal clinical outcomes. The physical compatibility of ertapenem and meropenem has not been conclusively established in 0.45% sodium chloride and Plasma-Lyte A.Methods: An in vitro analysis of the physical compatibility of ertapenem and meropenem at 10 mg/mL and 20 mg/mL concentrations was conducted in 0.45% sodium chloride and Plasma-Lyte A over 24 hours. Admixtures were prepared in triplicate at hours 0, 1, 5, 8, and 24 and were visually inspected, underwent spectrophotometric testing, and pH analysis.Results: All ertapenem admixtures were found to be physically compatible over 24 hours. Meropenem 10 mg/mL had demonstrable changes in pH and was found to be physically incompatible beyond 8 hours in 0.45% sodium chloride and Plasma-Lyte A. Meropenem 20 mg/mL was found to be physically incompatible beyond 5 hours when mixed in 0.45% sodium chloride.Conclusions: Our results are the first that have demonstrated physical compatibility for ertapenem 10 mg/mL and 20 mg/mL in 0.45% sodium chloride and Plasma-Lyte A. The findings of this meropenem analysis confirm a previous report that evaluated simulated Y-site samples at 1 hour but expanded upon those findings to show physical compatibility at 8 hours and 5 hours for the 10 mg/mL in both fluids and 20 mg/mL in 0.45% sodium chloride concentrations, respectively. Previously published reports of the stability of meropenem indicating a concentration and temperature-dependent are confirmed by this analysis. Chemical stability studies should be undertaken to support these results.","PeriodicalId":14381,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pharmaceutical compounding","volume":"29 5","pages":"430-434"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145337034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Physical Compatibility of Orphenadrine Citrate with 0.45% Sodium Chloride, Lactated Ringer's Solution, and Plasma-Lyte A. 枸橼酸奥非那林与0.45%氯化钠、乳酸林格氏溶液和血浆碱液A的物理相容性。

International journal of pharmaceutical compounding Pub Date : 2025-09-01

Chinenye G Ezema, Mitchell S Howard, Gabriella Baki, Mariann D Churchwell, Justin P Reinert

{"title":"The Physical Compatibility of Orphenadrine Citrate with 0.45% Sodium Chloride, Lactated Ringer's Solution, and Plasma-Lyte A.","authors":"Chinenye G Ezema, Mitchell S Howard, Gabriella Baki, Mariann D Churchwell, Justin P Reinert","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The physical compatibility of orphenadrine citrate has only been reported in 0.9% sodium chloride in combination with diclofenac. The objective of this study was to investigate the physical compatibility of orphenadrine citrate mixed with 0.45% Sodium Chloride (0.45% NaCl), Lactated Ringer's (LR), and Plasma-Lyte A (PLA).Methods: Triplicate samples at 0.24 mg/mL, 0.6 mg/mL, and 1.2 mg/mL orphenadrine were mixed in each study fluid. Physical compatibility was assessed through visual observation, spectrophotometric absorbance, and pH analysis. Samples were assessed at hours 0, 1, 5, 8, and 24.Results: In all test samples, there were no changes observed or measured regarding visual inspection and spectrophotometric analysis. The pH measurements remained stable in 0.45% sodium chloride through 24 hours and through 1 hour with LR at the 0.24 mg/mL concentration. In all samples containing PLA, changes greater than 0.1 unit from baseline across all studied concentrations of drug were recorded from 1 hour onwards.Conclusions: Orphenadrine citrate is physically compatible with 0.45% NaCl for up to 24 hours. LR and PLA were classified as physically incompatible beyond 1 hour due to significant changes in pH. An evaluation of chemical stability is needed to support these findings.","PeriodicalId":14381,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pharmaceutical compounding","volume":"29 5","pages":"435-438"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145337061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development and Physical Stability Assessment of an Extemporaneous Formulation of Gabapentin Lozenges. 加巴喷丁含片临时配方的研制及物理稳定性评价。

International journal of pharmaceutical compounding Pub Date : 2025-09-01

Marisol López-Nieves, Jetzabel Delgado-Díaz, Sormarie Figueroa-Morales, Karissa González-Jiménez

{"title":"Development and Physical Stability Assessment of an Extemporaneous Formulation of Gabapentin Lozenges.","authors":"Marisol López-Nieves, Jetzabel Delgado-Díaz, Sormarie Figueroa-Morales, Karissa González-Jiménez","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Lozenge formulations are typically used for local effects on mouth and throat tissue or for systemic drug delivery, which is particularly beneficial for elderly patients with dysphagia. Given that gabapentin is a widely prescribed medication, especially among older adults, an extemporaneous formulation of gabapentin lozenges would offer a valuable alternative for these patients.Objective: To formulate gabapentin lozenges in three different bases and evaluate which base provides a physically stable extemporaneous compounded formulation.Method: An experimental design was employed. Three gabapentin lozenge formulations were prepared using different bases: sorbitol, PEG, and gelatin, representing hard, soft, and chewable lozenges, respectively. The resulting formulations were tested for physical stability, including appearance, weight variation, and dissolution, at different temperatures (4°C and 25°C) over a period of 8 consecutive weeks. Retention of original physical properties during the testing period was indicative of physical stability.Results: The results obtained show that gabapentin is physically stable in soft (PEG) and chewable (gelatin) lozenge bases at room temperature (25 ± 2 °C) and in hard (sorbitol) and soft (PEG) bases at refrigerator temperature (4 ± 2 °C).Conclusion: The findings suggest that the physically stable gabapentin lozenge formulations obtained in this study: soft and chewable at room temperature, and hard and soft at refrigerator temperature, can be considered viable new dosage forms.","PeriodicalId":14381,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pharmaceutical compounding","volume":"29 5","pages":"387-404"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145337041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sterile Compounding: Strengthening PEC and C-PEC Compliance. 无菌复合：加强PEC和C-PEC合规性。

International journal of pharmaceutical compounding Pub Date : 2025-09-01

David Wasescha

引用次数: 0