International journal of pharmaceutical compounding最新文献

{"title":"Case Series of Veterinary Cancer Patients Treated with Oral Low-Dose Naltrexone.","authors":"Meagan A Garza, Steve Hoffart, Melissa Parsons-Doherty, Deborah H Clark, Fabiana Banov, Maria Carvalho","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A veterinary referral center specializing in veterinary oncology collaborated with a local compounding pharmacy to evaluate the effects of adding low-dose naltrexone (LDN) to the palliative care of dogs undergoing treatment for various cancers. Seven male neutered dogs were initially enrolled, each prescribed naltrexone 2 mg or 4.5 mg capsules (LoxOral), depending on body weight. Dosing began once daily for 30 days, then increased to twice daily for the remainder of the three-month study. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was assessed at baseline and every 9-10 days using a structured, cancer-specific veterinary questionnaire. Four dogs were evaluable, representing diagnoses of hepatocellular carcinoma, T-cell lymphoma, osteosarcoma, and multilobular osteochondrosarcoma. Improvements were observed in multiple domains, including happiness, mental status, pain control, appetite, hydration, and mobility. Owners consistently reported a maintained or enhanced quality of life. The treatment was well tolerated, with no adverse events reported. These results suggest that oral compounded LDN may be a valuable palliative care option in veterinary oncology, particularly when incorporated upon diagnosis to help preserve quality of life throughout treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":14381,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pharmaceutical compounding","volume":"30 1","pages":"12-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147443617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis: An Ancient Parasite Meets Modern Compounding.","authors":"Michelle Bethel","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>EPM remains particularly rampant in racing populations due to transport stress, young age, and congregate housing conditions. For compounding pharmacists, understanding that we're managing chronic parasite suppression - not achieving cure - fundamentally changes our approach to formulation strategy, stability assessment, and client counseling. The two formulations presented separately represent years of refinement, demonstrating compounding's essential role when commercial products fall short.</p>","PeriodicalId":14381,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pharmaceutical compounding","volume":"30 1","pages":"23-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147443649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pilocarpine in the Management of Allergic Rhinosinusitis.","authors":"Lydia M Theodoropoulou, Niamh A Cullen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This retrospective study addresses the question of inadequate cholinergic output in Allergic Rhinosinusitis (ARS) and the feasibility of its treatment with cholinergics. Pilocarpine, a muscarinic-receptor agonist, was administered to patients with refractory obstructive sino-nasal symptoms to improve secretion and clearance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The 22-item sino-nasal outcome test (SNOT-22) was used to identify patients with recalcitrant obstructive symptoms. Patients with SNOT-22 scores greater than 16 were treated with pilocarpine 5 mg three times a day (tid), twice a day (bid), or once a day (qd); changes of their scores were compared to those of patients who were not treated with pilocarpine. SNOT-22 was administered on presentation and at follow-up at 3 and 6 months. At 6 months of treatment, pilocarpine was discontinued. Six to nine months post-discontinuation the SNOT-22 was re-administered to assess sustainability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Severe obstructive-type ARS was identified in 48 patients over a four-year period. Nineteen patients received pilocarpine; two discontinued treatment due to side effects; eight required dosing adjustment. SNOT-22 scores were lower in the pilocarpine-treated group at 6 months of treatment and at 6-9 months after discontinuation (p < 0.05 for both). Longitudinal SNOT-22 scores improved in the pilocarpine tid-treated sub-group at 6 months of treatment and at 6-9 months after discontinuation (p < 0.05 and < 0.01 respectively). Significant SNOT-22 decline was also reached at p < 0.1 for subjects on pilocarpine qd, but was not sustained upon discontinuation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pilocarpine can be useful in the treatment of refractory sino-nasal blockage. Adverse effects are frequent at 5 mg tid, but lower dosing can be effective.</p>","PeriodicalId":14381,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pharmaceutical compounding","volume":"30 1","pages":"32-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147443620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing the Effect of Drug, Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose and Other Excipients on Shape, Size and Drug Release from the Matrices.","authors":"Hassan Alhmoud, Yazan Akkam, Omar Alhmoud","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose (NaCMC) is frequently employed in pharmaceutical formulation. Nevertheless, there are potential interactions between NaCMC and specific drugs, which may have an impact on the stability or bioavailability of those drugs.The purpose is to study the effect of drugs with different charges, anionic Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose (NaCMC), excipients, and other parameters on shape, size, and drug release from controlled release matrices of three different drugs and the kinetics of drug release were investigated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three models of drug matrices (Flurbiprofen, naproxen sodium, and propranolol hydrochloride) were prepared using the direct compression technique with different ratios of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, other excipients, and surfactants of various solubility and charges. These were used to compare drug release from the matrices in simulated intestinal fluid pH = 7.4 and simulated gastric fluid pH = 1.2. The size and shape changes of the matrices were investigated when these tablets were placed in simulated gastric fluid and simulated intestinal fluid. The mechanisms of drug release were analyzed using different models and equations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose (NaCMC) had the most significant effect on controlling drug release, swelling rate, size, and shapes of the matrices of the three drugs, regardless of their solubility. The pH of the dissolution medium, surfactants and other excipients, charge, and solubility of the drug also influenced drug release, tablet size, and shape of the different formulations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The swelling rate of the different matrices was constrained only by NaCMC. The ratio of anionic NaCMC primarily controlled the release rate of drugs. The shape and size of the matrices, according to the solubility and charge of these drugs. Other excipients, such as surfactants, lactose, and magnesium stearate, affected the release rate of the drugs, shape and size of the matrices but did not influence their swelling rate.</p>","PeriodicalId":14381,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pharmaceutical compounding","volume":"30 1","pages":"64-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147443613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Characterization of Doxepin In-situ Nasal Gel Using Pectin as a Bio-compatible Matrix.","authors":"Antesh Kumar Jha, Shiv Kumar Srivastava, Mahesh Prasad","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The goal of the current study is to formulate a Doxepin hydrochloride ion triggered trans-nasal gel. The developed formulations were evaluated for gel strength, gelation time, viscosity, mucoadhesion strength, ex-vivo drug permeability drug content, and stability. According to the findings, mucoadhesive strength and viscosity increased as pectin and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) K4M concentrations increased, whereas gelation time and the percentage of drug recovery decreased. With 3.5% pectin and 1.5% HPMC, the improved formulation C2F2 demonstrated the greatest drug release of 97.96% via sheep nasal mucosa. The stability study over a period of three months showed no change in viscosity, pH and drug content. The discovered ion-triggered intra nasal formulations shows enhanced locomotor activity and mobility in mice, when used to treat depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":14381,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pharmaceutical compounding","volume":"30 1","pages":"42-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147443622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Between Necessity and Compliance: Understanding FDA's GFI #256 for Animal Drug Compounding.","authors":"Jordan T Vogel, Brad Howard","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The practice of compounding animal drugs using bulk drug substances presents a challenging intersection of veterinary need and federal regulatory compliance. Governed by the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (\"FDCA\"), this area of animal healthcare has long operated in a legal gray zone, with the FDA traditionally exercising discretion in its enforcement. To bring clarity to this nuanced issue, the FDA issued Guidance for Industry #256 (\"GFI #256\"), which outlines the specific circumstances under which the agency will decline to take enforcement action against compounders of animal drugs using bulk drug substances. This article explores the practical implications of GFI #256 for veterinarians and compounders, focusing on three critical requirements that must be met when compounding bulk drug substances for non-food-producing animals under a patient-specific prescription. stakeholders can better navigate the complex regulatory landscape and ensure their practices align with FDA expectations.</p>","PeriodicalId":14381,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pharmaceutical compounding","volume":"30 1","pages":"6-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147443579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaginal Films as a Patient-Centered Dosage Form: Evaluation of Preferences, Acceptability, and Applicability in Personalized Drug Delivery.","authors":"Geraldo Sérgio Farinazzo Vitral, Carolina Costa Vicente Silva, Hudson Caetano Polonini, Marcos Antônio Fernandes Brandão, Nádia Rezende Barbosa Raposo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vaginal films are emerging as a promising intravaginal drug delivery system, but patient acceptability remains essential for clinical adoption. To assess women's anticipated preferences for vaginal films versus other dosage forms and determine the influence of prior vaginal medication use, a cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted. One hundred women aged 20-60 years in Brazil completed a questionnaire after visual and tactile assessment of placebo vaginal films. Preferences among four dosage forms-film, cream, ovule, and ring-were evaluated using descriptive and inferential statistics. Vaginal films were the most preferred (56%), followed by creams (28%), ovules (9%), and rings (7%) (p < 0.001). Preference was independent of age, education, income, and prior vaginal medication use. Most participants found the film easy to use (96%), visually appealing (99%), and convenient (95%). Vaginal films show strong anticipated acceptability and potential as a patient-centered option for intravaginal drug delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":14381,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pharmaceutical compounding","volume":"30 1","pages":"78-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147443597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why Compounded Medications Matter in Wild Life Medicine: A Pharmacist's Perspective.","authors":"Triena Brand","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Compounded medications play a critical role in wildlife medicine because many exotic and non-traditional species simply don't have FDA-approved drug products that fit their needs. Wildlife cases come with unique challenges-different physiology, extreme stress responses, remote drug delivery, tight dosing windows, and unpredictable field conditions. From a pharmacist's point of view, compounding for wildlife isn't just \"custom dosing\"; it's a highly specialized practice that requires advanced knowledge, careful judgment, and close collaboration with veterinarians. Mistakes in formulation, dosing, or administration can have serious or even fatal consequences. When done correctly and compliantly, veterinary compounding supports humane treatment, improves safety for animals and people, and helps make ethical wildlife care possible.</p>","PeriodicalId":14381,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pharmaceutical compounding","volume":"30 1","pages":"26-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147443659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence-Based Beyond-Use Dates for Pentravan® Compounded Formulations in Hormone Therapy and Pain Management.","authors":"Hudson Polonini, Carolina Schettino Kegele, Bruna Marianni","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This bracketed study evaluated the physicochemical stability and microbiological safety of 12 compounded transdermal formulations containing clonazepam (1.0 and 50.0 mg/mL), diclofenac sodium (10.0 and 100.0 mg/mL), estriol (0.1 and 20.0 mg/mL), lidocaine (5.0 and 100.0 mg/mL), melatonin (0.5 and 50.0 mg/mL), and testosterone (5.0 and 100.0 mg/mL) in Pentravan®. Formulations were stored at room temperature for up to 180 days and analyzed at predefined intervals for active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) content, pH, visual characteristics, and antimicrobial effectiveness testing (AET). Most formulations maintained API content within the acceptable range of 90-110% throughout the study, with pH values demonstrating negligible fluctuations. Physical characteristics remained stable over time, with the exception of the diclofenac sodium 100.0 mg/mL formulation, which exhibited phase separation after 30 days. Antimicrobial effectiveness testing confirmed sufficient preservative efficacy for all formulations against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus brasiliensis. The following beyond-use dates (BUDs) were established based on chemical and microbiological stability: 180 days for most APIs; 120 days for lidocaine (5.0 and 100.0 mg/mL); and 60 days for melatonin (0.5 mg/mL). These results reinforce the reliability of Pentravan® as a transdermal vehicle, demonstrating its ability to support stable and microbiologically safe formulations across a wide range of active compounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":14381,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pharmaceutical compounding","volume":"29 6","pages":"505-519"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145768025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Compatibility of Ceftazidime and Ceftazidime/Avibactam in 0.45% Sodium Chloride and Plasma-Lyte A.","authors":"Hanna Rowell, Ronnae M Johnson, Gabriella Baki, Justin P Reinert, Mariann D Churchwell, Mitchell S Howard","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ensuring the integrity of intravenous medication administration is a vitally important role for pharmacists and correlates directly to patient safety and outcomes. Information about the physical compatibility of medications with intravenous fluids may be unknown or conflicting, leading to issues that may delay, complicate, or prohibit care at the bedside. The objective of this study was to determine the physical compatibility of ceftazidime and ceftazidime/avibactam in 0.45% sodium chloride (NaCl) and Plasma-Lyte A (PLA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An in vitro analysis of ceftazidime 10 mg/mL, 20 mg/mL, and 40 mg/mL and ceftazidime/avibactam 8 mg/mL, 15 mg/mL, and 20 mg/mL was conducted in 0.45% NaCl and PLA to align with clinically utilized concentrations of the drugs. Compounded aliquots were evaluated in triplicate at hours 0, 1, 5, 8, and 24. Physical compatibility was assessed by a standardized visual inspection process, spectrophotometry, and pH analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>While none of the admixtures had demonstrable visual or spectrophotometry changes, all samples had a demonstrable change in pH at various time points. None of the evaluated ceftazidime concentrations were physically compatible beyond initial use when mixed in 0.45% NaCl, and beyond 1 hour when mixed in PLA. Ceftazidime/avibactam at concentrations of 8 mg/mL and 15 mg/mL were physically incompatible beyond 1 hour in 0.45% NaCl and PLA, and beyond 5 hours for the 15 mg/mL concentration in both IV fluids.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This analysis provides new information related to the physical compatibility of ceftazidime and ceftazidime/avibactam in 0.45% NaCl and PLA. Chemical analysis of the admixtures is warranted to support these results.</p>","PeriodicalId":14381,"journal":{"name":"International journal of pharmaceutical compounding","volume":"29 6","pages":"453-462"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145767971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}