International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice最新文献

{"title":"Relations between clinical characteristics and cognitive deficits among adult patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder.","authors":"Natasha Subhas,&nbsp;Jin Kiat Ang,&nbsp;Kit-Aun Tan,&nbsp;Siti Nor Aizah Ahmad","doi":"10.1080/13651501.2022.2149415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13651501.2022.2149415","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study examined the relations between clinical characteristics and cognitive deficits in adult patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) from a local outpatient psychiatric clinic in Malaysia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present sample included 110 participants aged 20-60 years old. Participants were invited to provide their information on sociodemographic variables (age, gender, and educational level) and clinical characteristics (age at onset of depression and duration of illness) and to complete a series of cognitive performance measures including the Trail Making Tests A (psychomotor speed) and B (executive function), the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (attention), and the Auditory Verbal Learning Test (immediate free recall, acquisition phase, and delayed recall). The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview Version 6.0 was used to confirm the diagnosis of MDD and the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale was used to assess illness severity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At the bivariate level, relations of age and educational level to all cognitive deficit domains were significant. At the multivariate level, only educational level and illness severity consistently and significantly predicted all cognitive deficits domains.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Therapeutic modalities should be individualised whilst considering the impacts of cognitive deficits in an attempt to prevent further deterioration in psychosocial functioning of MDD patients.KEY POINTSCognitive deficits are an elemental component of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) persisting during a current major depressive episode or during remission, altering individuals' ability to process information and changes the way they perceive and interact with the environment.Cognitive deficits in MDD are evident among the upper-middle income groups in South-Eastern Asian countries warranting more local research as such deficits could lead to functional decline and work performance such as absenteeism and presenteeism.Therapeutic modalities should be individualised by taking the impacts of cognitive deficits into consideration to promote psychosocial functioning of MDD patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":14351,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice","volume":"27 3","pages":"219-231"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10139005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of the second wave of COVID-19 on liaison psychiatry: a comparative retrospective study with the homologous non-pandemic period.","authors":"Filipa Caldas,&nbsp;Margarida Vasconcelos Araújo,&nbsp;Palmira Coya,&nbsp;Rodrigo Valido,&nbsp;Catarina Oliveira","doi":"10.1080/13651501.2022.2158108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13651501.2022.2158108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the impact of COVID-19 pandemic (COVID-19-P) on clinical and health organisational variables of patients evaluated by Liaison Psychiatry (LP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Revision of all collaboration requests (CR) to LP for patients hospitalised in a Portuguese General Hospital during the second wave of COVID-19-P, from 1 October to 31 December of 2020. Medical charts were analysed and selected variables were compared with those of the homologous non-pandemic period. Data were statistically analysed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a 22.3% decrease in the number of CR in 2020. The most frequently given reasons for CR were depressive symptoms, psychomotor agitation, and difficulties in adapting to the disease in both years. However, 5.9% more patients reported suicidal ideation in 2020. The hospitalisation length before CR was smaller in 2020 than in 2019 (9 vs 11). There was a higher proportion of patients followed in a psychiatric consultation and previously taking psychotropic medication before hospitalisation in 2020 than in 2019. After the assessment, the trend was that both groups did not meet diagnostic criteria for any disorder and no pharmacological adjustment was needed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the need to better characterise the indirect repercussion of COVID-19-P, and focus on the prevention and treatment of mental illness particularly in adverse contexts.Key PointsFewer collaboration requests to liaison psychiatry during the second wave of COVID-19;Collaboration requests were made earlier in the hospitalisation;For patients with more medical comorbidities, psychiatric history, and psychotropic medication;Most because of depressive symptoms and more with suicidal ideation;Fewer collaboration requests to liaison psychiatry during COVID-19;Made earlier in the hospitalisation;For patients with more medical comorbidities, psychiatric history, and medication;Most because of depressive symptoms and more with suicidal ideation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14351,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice","volume":"27 3","pages":"243-247"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10144090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Part of the solution yet part of the problem: factors of schizophrenia stigma in mental health professionals.","authors":"Kevin-Marc Valery,&nbsp;Louis Violeau,&nbsp;Thomas Fournier,&nbsp;Florence Yvon,&nbsp;Sophie Arfeuillere,&nbsp;Julien Bonilla-Guerrero,&nbsp;Aude Caria,&nbsp;Antonin Carrier,&nbsp;Jean-Marc Destaillats,&nbsp;Alice Follenfant,&nbsp;Sonia Laberon,&nbsp;Nadeja Lalbin-Wander,&nbsp;Eric Martinez,&nbsp;Bérénice Staedel,&nbsp;Roselyne Touroude,&nbsp;Luc Vigneault,&nbsp;Solenne Roux,&nbsp;Antoinette Prouteau","doi":"10.1080/13651501.2022.2129068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13651501.2022.2129068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Stigma is highly prejudicial to persons with schizophrenia, their families, the society and the health care system. Mental health professionals (MHP) are considered to be one of the main sources of schizophrenia stigma.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of the study was to identify individual and contextual factors associated with stigma in MHP in its three dimensions (stereotypes, prejudices, discrimination, Fiske, 1998).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An online survey was conducted with specific measures of MHP stigma (stereotypes, prejudices and discrimination). Four categories of potential associated factors were also measured: sociodemographic characteristics, contextual characteristics (e.g., Work setting), individual characteristics (e.g., Profession, Recovery-oriented practices) and theoretical beliefs (e.g., Biological beliefs, Perceived similarities, Continuum <i>versus</i> Categorical beliefs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Responses of 357 MHP were analysed. Factors that were the most strongly associated with MHP stigma were Perceived similarities, Categorical beliefs, Biological beliefs, Recovery-oriented practice and Work setting (independent practice). Conversely, Gender, Specific trainings in stigma or recovery and Cognitive aetiology beliefs showed no association with any of MHP stigma dimension. Remaining factors show associations with a weak effect size.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The survey results suggest that MHP stigma is more influenced by individual factors such as theoretical beliefs and recovery-oriented practices than contextual factors. These original results provide perspectives for reducing stigma in mental health practices.Key pointsMental health professionals (MHP) considering they share similarities with persons with schizophrenia or believing that schizophrenia is not a discrete social category but rather the extreme on a continuum between 'normal' and 'pathologic' reported less stigmatisation.MHP holding higher professional utility beliefs and using recovery-oriented practice reported fewer stereotypes, prejudice and discrimination.Other factors such as age, academic level, contact frequency, familiarity and multidisciplinary practice show associations with a weak effect size.</p>","PeriodicalId":14351,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice","volume":"27 2","pages":"134-144"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9601003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of quetiapine on inflammation and immunity: a systematic review.","authors":"Marco Ferrari, Marco Godio, Stefano Martini, Camilla Callegari, Marco Cosentino, Franca Marino","doi":"10.1080/13651501.2022.2101928","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13651501.2022.2101928","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Knowledge about the neurobiology of psychiatric disorders is increasing in the last decades and evidence from literature suggests a central role for immuno-inflammatory mechanisms in these illnesses. The antipsychotic quetiapine acts on dopamine and serotonin signalling and well-established evidence demonstrates that these neurotransmitters can modulate immune functions in healthy and diseased conditions. Starting from this perspective, in the last few decades, a number of studies attempted to identify quetiapine effects on immune functions in order to highlight a possible additional effect of this drug in psychotic diseases, although no conclusive results were obtained.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We critically reviewed preclinical and clinical studies evaluating quetiapine effects on immune systems, suggesting strategies for future work in this field.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Computerised search, in PubMed and Embase databases, was performed in March 2020: 120 studies were identified but only 29 relevant papers were selected for detailed review.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite some interesting preliminary findings about anti-inflammatory effects of quetiapine, mainly supported by preclinical studies, it is possible to conclude further studies are needed to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of this drug and achieve a better understanding of its relevance on clinical outcomes to finally identify new therapeutic approaches in psychiatric treatment. KeypointsMounting evidence points to a role for immuno-inflammatory mechanisms in psychiatric disorders.Quetiapine (QUE) acts on catecholamine (dopamine and norepinephrine) and serotonin signalling.The immunomodulatory effects of catecholamines are well established.Treatment with QUE in psychiatric disorders could leverage immunomodulatory effects.QUE unclear role in immune function modulation suggests future work.</p>","PeriodicalId":14351,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice","volume":"27 2","pages":"196-207"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9602453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical excellence in child and adolescent psychiatry: examples from the published literature.","authors":"Amanda Y Sun,&nbsp;Scott M Wright,&nbsp;Leslie Miller","doi":"10.1080/13651501.2022.2144748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13651501.2022.2144748","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There has been growing interest in the past century in improving understanding of the development and treatment of psychopathology of children, with increasing government funding of research in the past two decades. However, child and adolescent psychiatry excellence in clinical care has not been well-documented in the existing literature. This article provides examples of clinical excellence in paediatric mental health to supplement existing guidelines for the clinical practice of paediatric psychiatry. A review of the literature identified 204 unique peer-reviewed articles that were then further evaluated for applicability and relevance to the definition of clinical excellence as outlined by the Miller-Coulson Academy of Clinical Excellence (MCACE). Cases were then identified and selected for each domain of clinical excellence as they apply to child and adolescent psychiatry and to provide a model for patient care. KeypointsClinical excellence in child and adolescent psychiatry has not previously been defined or extensively documented.The Miller-Coulson Academy of Clinical Excellence (MCACE) has developed a systematic method to measuring excellence in clinical care and created a definition of clinical excellence.The MCACE defined the domains of clinical excellence as communication and interpersonal skills, professionalism and humanism, diagnostic acumen, skilful negotiation of the healthcare system, knowledge, scholarly approach to clinical practice, exhibiting a passion for patient care and modelling clinical excellence, and collaborating with investigators to advance science and discovery.There are numerous case examples in the literature that represent mastery in paediatric psychiatry in these areas.Clinicians in paediatric mental health will likely benefit from future research on evidence-based approaches to training and education in these domains of clinical excellence.</p>","PeriodicalId":14351,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice","volume":"27 2","pages":"179-185"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9594627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor in patients with first-episode depression at different ages.","authors":"Xianping He,&nbsp;Jingyao Song,&nbsp;He Gao,&nbsp;Zhenyang Li,&nbsp;Xiaochun Wang,&nbsp;Qiaoling Zeng,&nbsp;Yucen Xiao,&nbsp;Jiaxin Feng,&nbsp;Dongdong Zhou,&nbsp;Gaomao Wang","doi":"10.1080/13651501.2022.2107938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13651501.2022.2107938","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We investigated the differences in serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) levels and clinical symptoms with first-episode depression at different ages.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ninety patients (15-60 years old) diagnosed with first-episode depression were enrolled as the study group, and they were divided into early-onset, adult and late-onset groups. The age-matched control groups were healthy volunteers. Serum BDNF and GDNF concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). GraphPad Prism 9 was used for t tests, one-way ANOVAs, chi-square tests, and correlation analyses. <i>p</i> < 0.05 indicated significant differences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Serum BDNF and GDNF levels were lower in the whole study group and the three subgroups than in the healthy groups. Illness severity, anxiety and education were higher in the early-onset than late-onset patients. Serum BDNF levels were lower in the adult than late-onset patients. Serum BDNF levels were negatively correlated with patient CGI-SI scores. After the LSD test for multiple comparisons, the results were also significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Low serum BDNF and GDNF levels may be involved in the pathophysiology of first-episode depression, and there were differences in serum BDNF levels at different ages, verifying that serum BDNF and GDNF could serve as potential biomarkers of depression. KEY POINTSDepression is often conceptualised as a systemic illness with different biological mechanisms, but satisfactory explanations have not been provided thus far.The aim of our study was to investigate differences in serum BDNF and GDNF levels and their relationships with clinical symptoms in patients with first-episode depression at different ages.The potential of the neurotrophic factor hypothesis to advance the diagnosis and treatment of depression will be a very exciting new strategy for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":14351,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice","volume":"27 2","pages":"118-126"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9631483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suicidality in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder and its association with receipt of specific secondary mental healthcare treatments.","authors":"Elena Opie, Nomi Werbeloff, Joseph Hayes, David Osborn, Alexandra Pitman","doi":"10.1080/13651501.2022.2140679","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13651501.2022.2140679","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a risk factor for suicidality (suicidal ideation, and suicide attempt). This study described the prevalence of suicidality amongst a representative sample of individuals with PTSD and the association between suicidality and receipt of five PTSD treatments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analysed deidentified data for patients being treated for PTSD at Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust between 2009 and 2017 obtained via the Clinical Record Interactive Search tool. We described the sample's sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and used stepwise logistic regression to investigate the association between suicidality and receipt of four, specific PTSD treatments: psychotherapy, antidepressant/antianxiety medication, antipsychotics, benzodiazepines. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to investigate the association between suicidality and hospital/crisis team admission.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 745 patients diagnosed with PTSD, 60% received psychotherapy and 66% received psychotropic medication. Those who reported suicidality (6%) were no more likely than those who did not to be prescribed antidepressant/antianxiety medication, but were more likely to receive antipsychotics (AOR = 2.27, 95% CI 1.15 - 4.47), benzodiazepines (AOR 2.28, 95% CI 1.17 - 4.44), psychotherapy (AOR 2.60, 95% CI 1.18 - 5.73) and to be admitted to hospital/crisis team (AOR 2.84, 95% 1.82 - 4.45).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this sample, patients with PTSD and suicidality were more likely to receive psychiatric medication, psychotherapy and psychiatric admission than those who were not suicidal. Overall patients were more likely to receive psychotropic medication than psychotherapy. Adherence to clinical guidelines is important in this population to improve treatment outcomes and reduce the risk of suicide.KEY POINTSNICE guidelines recommend psychological therapy be first line treatment for PTSD, yet we identified that fewer people diagnosed with PTSD received therapy compared to psychotropic medication.Patients with suicidality were more likely to receive antipsychotics and benzodiazepines, yet not antidepressant/antianxiety medication although given that suicidality is characteristic of severe depression, it might be assumed from stepped care models that antidepressant/antianxiety medication be prescribed before antipsychotics.The high proportion of patients prescribed antipsychotics suggests a need for better understanding of psychosis symptoms among trauma-exposed populations.Identifying which combinations of symptoms are associated with suicidal thoughts could help tailor trauma-informed approaches to discussing therapy and medication.</p>","PeriodicalId":14351,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice","volume":"27 2","pages":"151-160"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9601017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obsessional slowness in obsessive-compulsive disorder: identifying characteristics and comorbidities in a clinical sample.","authors":"Erin Crowe,&nbsp;Maria C Rosário,&nbsp;Ygor A Ferrão,&nbsp;Lucy Albertella,&nbsp;Euripedes C Miguel,&nbsp;Leonardo F Fontenelle","doi":"10.1080/13651501.2022.2147441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13651501.2022.2147441","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obsessional slowness (OS) is characterised by debilitating motor slowness during initiation and completion of daily tasks such as washing, dressing, eating or walking. Yet, the clinical features of OS are still poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study aimed to delineate demographics, comorbid disorders and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) associated with OS. Cross sectional data from 667 OCD outpatients aged 9-82<b> </b>years (<i>M</i><b> </b><i>=</i><b> </b>37.86<i>, SD</i><b> </b><i>=</i><b> </b>12.78) who underwent comprehensive standardised assessments administered by trained clinicians were analysed. Participants with (<i>n</i><b> </b>=<b> </b>189) and without (<i>n</i><b> </b>=<b> </b>478) OS were compared and contrasted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Logistic regression revealed that being single, having tics and displaying higher severity of aggression, contamination, symmetry and hoarding symptoms significantly predicted participants having OS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This is the largest-scale descriptive study of OS, which also provides preliminary evidence that OS may be a more severe form of OCD. Further empirical validation of these findings is required, and future research should focus on developing OS assessment.Key PointsThis was the first large-scale descriptive study of obsessional slowness (OS), that provided preliminary evidence for an OS phenotype within obsessive-compulsive disorderOS is associated with increased severity of aggression, contamination, symmetry and hoarding obsessive-compulsive symptomsIndividuals with OS are more likely to have comorbid tics, suggesting that there may be underlying motor factors contributing to this conditionFuture research would benefit from collecting both qualitative and quantitative data when assessing OS.</p>","PeriodicalId":14351,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice","volume":"27 2","pages":"161-170"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9606757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental fatigue in individuals with psychiatric disorders: a scoping review.","authors":"Kristina Mozuraityte, Agne Stanyte, Naomi A Fineberg, Alessandro Serretti, Julija Gecaite-Stonciene, Julius Burkauskas","doi":"10.1080/13651501.2022.2129069","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13651501.2022.2129069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to complete a scoping review of the published literature describing the relationship between mental fatigue and various psychiatric disorders, to better understand its frequency and clinical impact, and to provide recommendations for future clinical research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A scoping review using PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane and PsychArticles databases was conducted using the keywords 'mental fatigue', 'mental tiredness' or 'mental exhaustion', and completed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols Extension for Scoping Reviews 2018 checklist.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We extracted 10 studies fulfilling our inclusion criteria from a total of 2937 publications. Mental fatigue was studied within mood disorders, anxiety disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. A commonly used tool to measure mental fatigue in these samples was the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory-20. Specific cognitive factors (unhelpful beliefs about sleep, symptom-focussed rumination) and personality risk factors (harm avoidance, self-directedness, cooperativeness, persistence) were relevant to predicting mental fatigue symptoms and rates of mental fatigue may vary with gender and diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Research into mental fatigue in adult psychiatric sample was limited to a few psychiatric disorders and requires further investigation.Key pointsA commonly used tool to measure mental fatigue was the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory-20. However, more research into the validity and reliability for illness specific instruments to measure mental fatigue in psychiatric population is required.Reduction of mental fatigue was associated with improvement on quality of life.Specific cognitive factors (unhelpful beliefs about sleep, symptom-focussed rumination) and personality risk factors (harm avoidance, self-directedness, cooperativeness, persistence) were relevant to predicting mental fatigue symptoms and rates of mental fatigue may vary with gender.Reviewed articles indicated that mental fatigue presence was associated with lower odds of OCD. In addition, the results suggested that mental fatigue symptoms were more common in individuals with OCPD rather than OCD.Research into mental fatigue in adult psychiatric sample was limited to a few psychiatric disorders and requires further investigation to prevent potential misattribution as mental fatigue symptoms overlap between different psychiatric disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":14351,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice","volume":"27 2","pages":"186-195"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9628858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased NLRP3 inflammasome expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with schizophrenia: a case-control study.","authors":"Gulin Ozdamar Unal,&nbsp;Kuyas Hekimler Ozturk,&nbsp;Huseyin Emre Inci","doi":"10.1080/13651501.2022.2106245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13651501.2022.2106245","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the gene expression of the P2X purinoceptor 7 (P2X7R)- nod-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) signal pathway in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) between schizophrenia (SCZ) patients and healthy controls (HC) to reveal its relationship with clinical variables.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-two SCZ patients and 41 healthy controls were included in this study. The Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS) and the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS), The Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale and the Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST) scales were applied. P2X7R, NLRP3, IL-1β and IL-18 gene expression levels were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction in PBMCs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>NLRP3, P2RX7, IL-1β and IL-18 expression levels were significantly higher in PBMCs of SCZ patients than in HC subjects. Negative correlations were found between NLRP3 gene expression levels and GAF and FAST scales scores. There was a negative correlation between IL-18 expression levels and the GAF and FAST scales scores and a positive correlation with the SAPS scale scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Systemic inflammation is implicated in SCZ pathogenesis, according to our findings, which suggest that the NLRP3 pathway may be involved. The NLRP3 inflammasome may serve as a biomarker for SCZ, and its pharmacological regulation may be a promising treatment approach.Key pointsWe hypothesised that the NLRP3 pathway may contribute to the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia.NLRP3, IL-1β and IL-18 mRNA levels were higher in patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls.Negative correlations were found between NLRP3 gene expression levels and GAF and FAST scales scores.There was a negative correlation between IL-18 expression levels and the GAF and FAST scales scores.The SAPS scale scores and IL-18 expression levels had a positive correlation.Given all these findings, it can be stated that NLRP3 inflammasome may play a role in the pathogenesis and symptoms of schizophrenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":14351,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice","volume":"27 2","pages":"111-117"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9958265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}