S. Matsuyama, K. Ishii, S. Suzuki, A. Terakawa, M. Fujiwara, S. Koshio, S. Toyama, S. Ito, M. Fujisawa, T. Nagaya
{"title":"Development of a high-current microbeam system","authors":"S. Matsuyama, K. Ishii, S. Suzuki, A. Terakawa, M. Fujiwara, S. Koshio, S. Toyama, S. Ito, M. Fujisawa, T. Nagaya","doi":"10.1142/S0129083514400038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129083514400038","url":null,"abstract":"We report on the development of a high-current microbeam system for wavelength-dispersive X-ray micro particle-induced X-ray emission (WDX-μ-PIXE) for chemical state mapping. The microbeam system is composed of two slits and a quadrupole doublet lens mounted on a heavy rigid support. The microbeam system is installed immediately after a switching magnet. A beam brightness of 2.4 pA⋅μm−2⋅mrad−2⋅MeV−1 is obtained at a half-divergence of 0.1 mrad. A beam current of more than 300 pA is obtained for object sizes of 40×10 μm2 with a half-divergence of 0.2 mrad, which corresponds to a beam spot size of 1×1 μm2. The calculated spot size of the beam was 1×1 μm2 and the measured spot size was 1×1.5 μm2. The WDX-μ-PIXE system with the microbeam system is now operational.","PeriodicalId":14345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PIXE","volume":"3 1","pages":"101-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89352159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Toyama, S. Matsuyama, K. Ishii, A. Terakawa, K. Kasahara, D. Sata, S. Itoh, T. Tanimukai, J. Uegaki, T. Tada
{"title":"Development of a WDX-μ-PIXE system for chemical state mapping","authors":"S. Toyama, S. Matsuyama, K. Ishii, A. Terakawa, K. Kasahara, D. Sata, S. Itoh, T. Tanimukai, J. Uegaki, T. Tada","doi":"10.1142/S012908351440004X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S012908351440004X","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we have developed a wavelength dispersive X-ray spectrometer microparticle-induced X-ray emission (WDX-μ-PIXE) system combining a microbeam system with high spatial resolution and wavelength dispersive X-ray (WDX) spectrometry with high-energy resolution for chemical state mapping. A Von Hamos geometry was used for the WDX system to achieve higher detection efficiency and energy resolution. The system consists of a curved crystal and a CCD camera. The WDX system was installed in a newly developed microbeam system. The energy resolution of the WDX system was 0.67 eV for Si-Kα1 (1740 eV). Si-Kα1,2 and Si-Kβ X-ray spectra from various Si compounds were measured and chemical shifts related to chemical states were clearly observed. The system was applied to the chemical state analysis of clay particles. After elemental mapping of the clay particles using a conventional μ-PIXE system with a Si(Li) detector, particles to be analyzed were selected and analyzed sequentially with the WDX system. Si-Kβ spectra from clay particles were obtained. The microscopic spatial distribution of elements and chemical state of the clay particles were sequentially measured with high energy and spatial resolution using a microbeam.","PeriodicalId":14345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PIXE","volume":"82 1","pages":"111-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76730001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Koshio, K. Ishii, S. Matsuyama, A. Terakawa, M. Fujiwara, K. Watanabe, S. Oshikawa, K. Kikuchi, S. Itoh, K. Kasahara, S. Toyama, Yoshio Suzuki, T. Matsuyama, T. Kamiya, T. Satoh, M. Koka, A. Kitamura
{"title":"Measurement of distributions of cesium and rubidium in rice grains using micro-PIXE for detailed examinations of contaminated food","authors":"S. Koshio, K. Ishii, S. Matsuyama, A. Terakawa, M. Fujiwara, K. Watanabe, S. Oshikawa, K. Kikuchi, S. Itoh, K. Kasahara, S. Toyama, Yoshio Suzuki, T. Matsuyama, T. Kamiya, T. Satoh, M. Koka, A. Kitamura","doi":"10.1142/S0129083514500028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129083514500028","url":null,"abstract":"We used micro-PIXE to investigate the distribution of Cs and Rb in rice grains. We succeeded, for the first time, in measuring the elemental distributions in entire rice grains (with dimensions of 6.25 mm × 6.25 mm) at micrometer spatial resolution. We found that Cs and Rb accumulated in the bran and germ of the rice. The distributions of P, K, Rb and Cs were similar within the rice grain. The concentrations of Cs and Rb in the rice were proportional to those in the soil, as well as to the exposure time. The uptake of Rb was significantly larger than that of Cs. Furthermore, the behavior of Rb was similar to that of Cs in the micrometer-scale regions in plants. It follows that the distribution of Rb can be used to investigate the behavior of radioactive Cs in plants.","PeriodicalId":14345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PIXE","volume":"78 1","pages":"17-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81234162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Terakawa, K. Ishii, S. Matsuyama, Y. Kikuchi, T. Kawamura, Y. Takahashi, Y. Miura, M. Karahashi, K. Kusano, H. Yamazaki, Y. Funaki, K. Mizuno, N. Ito, S. Wada, K. Sera
{"title":"Concentration of cisplatin-incorporated polymeric micelles in a murine solid tumor evaluated using PIXE analysis","authors":"A. Terakawa, K. Ishii, S. Matsuyama, Y. Kikuchi, T. Kawamura, Y. Takahashi, Y. Miura, M. Karahashi, K. Kusano, H. Yamazaki, Y. Funaki, K. Mizuno, N. Ito, S. Wada, K. Sera","doi":"10.1142/S0129083514500053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129083514500053","url":null,"abstract":"We report an elemental analysis of murine solid tumors treated with cisplatin-incorporated polymeric micelles (NC-6004) to evaluate the concentration of the drug in the tumor tissue using conventional particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis, as well as the spatial distribution in the tumor section using sub-millimeter PIXE analysis. The results reveal that the platinum concentration in the tumor treated with NC-6004 was higher than in that treated with cisplatin, whereas no significant difference was found in platinum concentration between NC-6004 and cisplatin samples in the normal tissue. This suggests that NC-6004 can both provide therapeutic efficacy and reduce the side effects caused by conventional treatment using cisplatin. These results show that PIXE analysis is a powerful tool for research into drug delivery systems.","PeriodicalId":14345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PIXE","volume":"12 1","pages":"41-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83058411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Arai, K. Ishii, S. Matsuyama, F. Fujishiro, A. Ishizaki, N. Osada, H. Sugai, S. Koshio, K. Kusano, Y. Nozawa, S. Yamauchi, M. Karahashi, S. Oshikawa, K. Kikuchi, K. Watanabe, Yui Suziki, Y. Kikuchi, A. Terakawa
{"title":"Evaluating radiocesium retention ability of root-mat horizon using micro-PIXE analysis","authors":"H. Arai, K. Ishii, S. Matsuyama, F. Fujishiro, A. Ishizaki, N. Osada, H. Sugai, S. Koshio, K. Kusano, Y. Nozawa, S. Yamauchi, M. Karahashi, S. Oshikawa, K. Kikuchi, K. Watanabe, Yui Suziki, Y. Kikuchi, A. Terakawa","doi":"10.1142/S012908351450003X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S012908351450003X","url":null,"abstract":"A lot of radiocesium had been deposited onto pastures and grasslands following Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident. More radiocesium was accumulated in root-mat horizon than in both above ground plant bodies and mineral soils. In this study, factors causing higher radiocesium concentrations in root-mat horizon were evaluated by the addition of stable cesium solution and particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis. Results suggest that adsorption onto root surfaces played a significant role in Cs accumulation in root-mat horizon. Furthermore, absorption of Cs was key to its long-term preservation. The adsorption of Cs by clay minerals also contributed to its retention. A slow water infiltration rate may also affect the enrichment of radiocesium in root-mat horizon. Based on these results, it is concluded that both biotic and abiotic factors contributed to the effective retention of radiocesium in root-mat horizons following the FDNPP accident.","PeriodicalId":14345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PIXE","volume":"17 1","pages":"29-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88856262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Matsuyama, K. Ishii, S. Toyama, K. Watanabe, S. Koshio, K. Kasahara, S. Ito, A. Terakawa, M. Fujiwara, Y. Suzuki, A. Carmona, Stéphane Roudeau, R. Ortega
{"title":"3D imaging of human cells using PIXEμCT","authors":"S. Matsuyama, K. Ishii, S. Toyama, K. Watanabe, S. Koshio, K. Kasahara, S. Ito, A. Terakawa, M. Fujiwara, Y. Suzuki, A. Carmona, Stéphane Roudeau, R. Ortega","doi":"10.1142/S0129083514500089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129083514500089","url":null,"abstract":"We report imaging of human lung epithelial cells exposed to cobalt oxide (Co3O4) microparticles using three-dimensional (3D) particle-induced X-ray emission microcomputed tomography (PIXEμCT). The use of energy-selectable quasi-monochromatic low-energy X-rays generated via proton microbeam bombardment led to high-quality images. We also carried out two-dimensional (2D) micro-PIXE imaging. The 3D PIXEμCT imaging data are complementary with 2D micro-PIXE images and the CT value ratios of the cells show that the strong absorption stems from Co3O4. The 2D micro-PIXE analysis provides projection images of the elemental distribution, and this in combination with the 3D PIXEμCT imaging revealed details of the internal distribution of Co3O4, and hence provides insight into the mechanisms of Co3O4 toxicity via intracellular perinuclear accumulation.","PeriodicalId":14345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PIXE","volume":"49 1","pages":"67-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82235133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Soil sample preparation for PIXE analysis","authors":"S. Goto, T. Hosokawa, Y. Saitoh, K. Sera","doi":"10.1142/S0129083514400014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129083514400014","url":null,"abstract":"Since the Great East Japan Earthquake on 11 March 2011, we have seen a rapid increase of requests for soil analysis by PIXE. In the Nishina Memorial Cyclotron Center (NMCC), a powdered internal standard method with palladium on carbon powder has been adopted for soil sample preparation. However, the method can be heavily laborious when many samples need to be handled in a limited time. Here, we report an alternative to the method which takes a standard in the liquid form with a few drops of acetone to be homogenized with soil sample in an agate mortar. The applicability of the moist method was examined using some standard reference materials by comparing the analyzed results with those from the conventional method and with the certified values. The results were generally satisfactory, although further examination is needed to improve the accuracy and reliability of the new method.","PeriodicalId":14345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PIXE","volume":"2 1","pages":"77-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75655851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High energy resolution PIXE spectroscopy at the J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana","authors":"M. Kavčič","doi":"10.1142/S0129083514400130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129083514400130","url":null,"abstract":"While traditional proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analytical technique is based on the energy dispersive solid state detectors used to collect the X-ray fluorescence from the sample, wavelength dispersive X-ray (WDX) spectrometers are applied in high energy resolution PIXE (HR-PIXE) analysis. The main drawback of the WDX spectroscopy is the relatively low efficiency making it less applicable for trace element PIXE analysis. However, the efficiency was enhanced significantly in modern spectrometers employing cylindrically or even spherically curved crystals combined with position sensitive X-ray detectors. The energy resolution of such a spectrometer may exceed the resolution of the energy dispersive detector by two orders of magnitude while keeping the efficiency at a high enough level to perform trace element analysis. In this paper, the recent history and the development of HR-PIXE spectroscopy at the J. Stefan Institute in Ljubljana is presented. Our current setup based on in-vacuum Johansson-type crystal spectrometer is presented in more details followed by some most recent applications.","PeriodicalId":14345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PIXE","volume":"8 1","pages":"205-215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80333364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Trace element abnormalities in the scalp hair of breast cancer patients","authors":"Z. Kabiri, O. Kakuee, V. Fathollahi, B. Stout","doi":"10.1142/S0129083514500065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129083514500065","url":null,"abstract":"Development of a number of diseases like cardiovascular diseases and cancer has been related with abnormalities of certain trace elements in some tissues. The purpose of this study was to investigate the levels of trace elements in breast cancer patients in comparison with healthy controls. Particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) technique was employed to measure the hair trace element concentrations in 30 cancer patients and 30 healthy controls. A 2.2 MeV proton beam was employed to excite the biological samples. The concentrations of Fe and Cu (p<0.05) in the hair of cancer patients were found to be higher compared to those of healthy controls, while the concentration of Zn (p<0.05) was found to be lower. No significant difference was observed for sulfur concentration between the two groups. Also, no meaningful difference was observed in the concentrations of K, Ca, Ti as well as ratios of Cu/Zn and Cu/Fe in the hair of the two groups (p<0.05). These abnormalities could potentially be used as a means of breast cancer screening in women.","PeriodicalId":14345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PIXE","volume":"59 1","pages":"49-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80939756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis of elemental content and map of beech leaves by PIXE and micro-PIXE","authors":"K. Saitoh, K. Sera, M. Oikawa, H. Shimizu","doi":"10.1142/S0129083514400105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129083514400105","url":null,"abstract":"As part of a biomonitoring study of atmospheric particles for the development of a biological and environmental monitoring system in the beech (Fagus crenata Blume) forest ecosystem, we carried out elemental content and two-dimensional analysis of beech leaves by conventional PIXE and micro-PIXE. The beech leaves were collected from natural beech forests at eight locations in Japan. For conventional PIXE analysis of beech leaf samples, 27 elements were determined in total. Mg, P, S, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn were found to be the important nutrient elements for plants at all sampling sites. According to radar chart analysis results for element (Mg, P, S, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn) concentrations at each sampling site, K and P, Fe and Ca, and Zn and Cu showed relatively similar patterns. However, elements with a pattern similar to that of Mg, S, and Mn were not found. These elemental concentrations were largely different at beech leaf sampling sites. For micro-PIXE analysis of beech leaf samples from seven sampling sites (Soebetsu beech forest was excluded), scanning transmission ion microscopy (STIM) images and maps of Mg, Si, P, S, K, Ca, Mn and Fe were similar. In samples from Soebetsu beech forest, portions missing from the element distribution were observed. In particular, maps of Mg, Si, P, S, K and Ca were conspicuous. These analysis results may be important information for understanding the mechanism of plant metabolism.","PeriodicalId":14345,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of PIXE","volume":"18 1","pages":"177-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87894382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}