Revue d’histoire de l’enfance « irrégulière »最新文献

{"title":"L’actualité bibliographique","authors":"","doi":"10.4000/rhei.4565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/rhei.4565","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":143423,"journal":{"name":"Revue d’histoire de l’enfance « irrégulière »","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122281993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Irresponsible Boys, Promiscuous Girls: Maturity, Gender, and Rape Myths in the Criminal Tribunals of Colonial Dahomey, 1924-1940","authors":"J. Reuther","doi":"10.4000/RHEI.4209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/RHEI.4209","url":null,"abstract":"Dahomeans believed maturity or rather immaturity played a crucial role in defining what sex acts constituted rape in both the precolonial kingdom of Dahomey and the French colony of the same name. This belief shaped indigenous assessors’ perceptions of who could legitimately claim victimhood versus who could not and who they would consider a rapist and who they would not. This connection between maturity and rape generated two foundational rape myths that guided decision making in colonial tribunals. Prior to the 1931 reorganization of native tribunals, the French controlled tribunal sentenced youthful offenders convicted of rape to a few months jail time and sometimes a small fine. After indigenous assessors gained a deliberative voice in 1931, the colonial tribunals dismissed the charges of rape against teenage defendants. While men of all ages admitted to “messing around” with girls who accused them of sexual assault, this defense proved most convincing in instances of sexual relations occurring between male and female peers in their teen years or younger. The choice of the phrase “messing around” euphemistically framed an act of non-consensual, forced sex as a benign event. The second rape myth that affected the outcome of rape cases concerned the tribunals’ expectations about elder girls’ alleged promiscuity. The tribunal presumed that elder, teenage girls were both willing participants and dubious witnesses concerning their sexual experiences. There existed a sexual double standard where the colonial tribunals believed that fourteen and fifteen-year-old boys acted without discernment when engaging in sex play with their peers and could not be held accountable because of their supposed lack of knowledge about sex. On the hand colonial tribunals assumed that girls, who were the same age or younger than the boys, possessed knowledge that denied them access to claiming victimhood. This article examines accusations of child or adolescent sexual assault when the perpetrator and victim were peers with approximately five years or less separating their ages. Such cases represented a minority of cases in the colonial tribunal where the median ages of girl victims averaged just over ten years of age and that of the male perpetrators twenty-eight. Examining these select cases of peer sexual encounters reveals norms – and their transgressions – of youthful interactions between peers of different genders as well as colonial stereotypes about youthful, African sexuality.","PeriodicalId":143423,"journal":{"name":"Revue d’histoire de l’enfance « irrégulière »","volume":"64 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123185745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"L’arrivée des éducateurs dans les institutions de rééducation pour filles : une mise en scène de l’hétéronormativité","authors":"P. Tournier","doi":"10.4000/RHEI.4601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/RHEI.4601","url":null,"abstract":"Jusqu’a la fin des annees soixante, les institutions de reeducation pour filles sont encadrees uniquement par des educatrices, religieuses ou laiques. Celles-ci se doivent d’etre celibataires et entierement devouees a leur mission educative. L’arrivee des premiers educateurs, qui apparait dans un contexte marque par d’importants bouleversements au sein de la societe et notamment dans la jeunesse, entraine une redefinition de ce modele professionnel. Les liens du mariage et l’affirmation d’une vie sexuelle epanouie, sous le controle de l’institution, sont desormais juges preferables. En outre, cette presence d’educateurs a des consequences sur les methodes pedagogiques. En effet, la mixite apparait comme un nouveau moyen de corriger les inadaptations de ces jeunes filles ; inadaptations liees a leur genre ou a leurs comportements sexuels. Cet article s’attache a montrer comment la presence des educateurs va permettre, en s’appuyant sur des arguments psycho-pedagogiques, a la fois de reaffirmer la difference des sexes et de maintenir la sexualite dans un cadre heteronormatif.","PeriodicalId":143423,"journal":{"name":"Revue d’histoire de l’enfance « irrégulière »","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134282914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexualités juvéniles (xxe siècle)","authors":"Véronique Blanchard, Régis Revenin","doi":"10.4000/rhei.4170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/rhei.4170","url":null,"abstract":"Feter le vingtieme anniversaire de la Revue d’histoire de l’enfance « irreguliere » en consacrant un dossier aux sexualites juveniles au xxe siecle etait ose mais necessaire ! Plusieurs numeros de la revue ont certes aborde les questions de genre ou de sexualite, notamment le dossier sur la prostitution des mineur.e.s il y a dix ans maintenant, mais jamais aucun n’a ete specifiquement dedie a la sexualite des enfants et des jeunes, aux discours, aux normes, aux representations et pratiques se...","PeriodicalId":143423,"journal":{"name":"Revue d’histoire de l’enfance « irrégulière »","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127249306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Errance et abandon : La recirculation des enfants pauvres de Dijon","authors":"Christopher R. Corley","doi":"10.4000/RHEI.4443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/RHEI.4443","url":null,"abstract":"Des recherches recentes sur les familles europeennes du debut des temps modernes ont souligne le caractere malleable de ces familles, de meme que la mobilite frappante des populations de l’epoque preindustrielle. Il semblerait que les menages reconstitues a la suite du deces ou du depart d’un parent etaient beaucoup plus frequents que l’on aurait pu le croire. La circulation des jeunes est une composante importante de ces etats de fait. Un examen des jeunes circulant autour de l’hopital general de Dijon au xviiie siecle nous permet d’observer l’emergence de la doctrine in loco parentis au sein des populations preindustrielles. Ce mouvement de jeunes orphelins, abandonnes ou errants, n’est pas necessairement indicateur d’un echec de la part des familles. A n’en pas douter, les systemes mis en place pour surveiller et faire circuler ces jeunes constituaient des initiatives collectives capables de tenir compte a la fois des interets des plus pauvres familles de Dijon et des residents les plus privilegies de la ville.","PeriodicalId":143423,"journal":{"name":"Revue d’histoire de l’enfance « irrégulière »","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116416535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La sexualité des « jeunes filles » communistes : du puritanisme à la libération ? Le cas de la région havraise de 1944 à 1975","authors":"Guillaume Roubaud-quashie","doi":"10.4000/rhei.4391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/rhei.4391","url":null,"abstract":"Le controle sur les jeunes filles est reste longtemps plus fort que celui exerce sur les jeunes garcons. La peur de relations sexuelles entrainant une grossesse est une cause majeure de cet ecart. C’est dans cet esprit qu’est creee en 1936 une organisation juvenile communiste specifique pour les jeunes femmes : l’Union des jeunes filles de France (UJFF). Au Havre, cependant, la segregation sexuelle n’est jamais vraiment effective et l’UJFF n’a guere de vie separee de l’organisation juvenile communiste a dominante masculine. S’ensuit une sociabilite mixte intense qui ne laisse pas de faire naitre amours, desirs et consommations sexuelles. Les relations sexuelles occasionnelles demeurent toutefois l’objet d’appreciations divergentes jusque dans le milieu des annees 1970 parmi les adherentes elles-memes. Les pratiques se diversifient alors sans atteindre l’homogeneite.","PeriodicalId":143423,"journal":{"name":"Revue d’histoire de l’enfance « irrégulière »","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127285162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Découverte de la sexualité dans Le Pain nu de Mohamed Choukri et L’Armée du salut d’Abdellah Taïa","authors":"M. Foerster","doi":"10.4000/rhei.4570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/rhei.4570","url":null,"abstract":"Les narrateurs du Pain nu, de Mohamed Choukri, et de L’Armee du salut, d’Abdellah Taia, font l’experience tot dans leur enfance d’une sexualite qui transgresse plusieurs tabous et normes de la societe marocaine. L’etude des representations de ces sexualites juveniles et deviantes, ainsi que du contexte d’elaboration de ces deux autobiographies et de leur reception au Maroc, revelent la contestation politique par deux auteurs d’un ordre sexuel profondement violent et patriarcal.","PeriodicalId":143423,"journal":{"name":"Revue d’histoire de l’enfance « irrégulière »","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124137557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mauvaises filles : incorrigibles et rebelles","authors":"Sarah Fishman","doi":"10.4000/rhei.4531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/rhei.4531","url":null,"abstract":"“All girls wanna be like thatBad girls underneath, like that…”Ariana Grande, Dangerous Woman, 2016« Toutes les filles veulent etre comme caMauvaises filles a l’interieur, comme ca… » Dans Mauvaises filles : incorrigibles et rebelles, Veronique Blanchard et David Niget presentent l’histoire passionnante de jeunes filles âgees de 11 a 17 ans, soumises a diverses instances de controle social du milieu du xixe siecle a nos jours. Les auteurs ont publie leur livre en coordination avec une expositi...","PeriodicalId":143423,"journal":{"name":"Revue d’histoire de l’enfance « irrégulière »","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127431621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La justice pénale des mineurs. Entre spécialisation et déspécialisation","authors":"Dominique Youf","doi":"10.4000/RHEI.4151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/RHEI.4151","url":null,"abstract":"Certains commentateurs considerent l’ordonnance de 1945 comme le modele de la justice specialisee des mineurs. Or, d’un point de vue historique, il ne s’agit que d’une copie timide et tardive du veritable modele qui trouve son origine aux Etats-Unis. Le premier tribunal pour enfants est cree a Chicago en 1899. En 1925, tous les Etats de la federation americaine ont adopte des lois instituant des juridictions specialisees pour les mineurs a l’exception du Wyoming et du Maine. Quelles sont les ...","PeriodicalId":143423,"journal":{"name":"Revue d’histoire de l’enfance « irrégulière »","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129930894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}