{"title":"Actual state, future trends and desirable directions of electricity sector development in the region of South-East Europe","authors":"M. Apostolovic, M. Studovic","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2011.5953139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2011.5953139","url":null,"abstract":"In terms of long-term and insufficiently effective socio-economic transition in countries of Energy Community of South-East Europe (EC SEE), characterized by significant decline of economic activities and lack of investment in new modern production technologies, the global financial and economic crisis at the end of 2008, imposed additional slowdown in the economic activity, redevelopment and operation of the energy sector and in particular of the electric power companies in most EC SEE countries. Qualitative view of the current status and possibility of redevelopment of the energy industry is accompanied by key economic and industrial quantitative indicators, followed by trends of the expected electricity demand, production, and its balance, derived on the basis of the pre-crisis known electricity intensity and GDP and/or VA growth rate, for two scenarios of introduction of new generation capacities.","PeriodicalId":143375,"journal":{"name":"2011 8th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM)","volume":"520 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123128332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Krkoleva, R. Taleski, N. Markovska, Verica Taseska, G. Kanevce
{"title":"Implementation of the feed-in tariffs in the Macedonian power system","authors":"A. Krkoleva, R. Taleski, N. Markovska, Verica Taseska, G. Kanevce","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2011.5953143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2011.5953143","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the current stage of RES use is examined, together with the national legislation on RES and the adopted supportive measures. The implementation of the adopted feed-in tariffs is discussed taking into account the proposed installed capacity limits, level and duration of support for the RES plants, system costs, market prices and the overall impact on the Macedonian power system. In the analyses, the possible mechanisms for financing the feed-in tariffs are also included. It has been shown that the prescribed feed-in tariff scheme has relatively low financial implications since the increase of the costs of supply is less than 5%.","PeriodicalId":143375,"journal":{"name":"2011 8th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116701476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Energy and ancillary services joint market simulation","authors":"T. Soares, H. Morais, B. Canizes, Z. Vale","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2011.5953020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2011.5953020","url":null,"abstract":"In order to develop a flexible simulator, a variety of models for Ancillary Services (AS) negotiation has been implemented in MASCEM - a multi-agent system competitive electricity markets simulator. In some of these models, the energy and the AS are addressed simultaneously while in other models they are addressed separately. This paper presents an energy and ancillary services joint market simulation. This paper proposes a deterministic approach for solving the energy and ancillary services joint market. A case study based on the dispatch of Regulation Down, Regulation Up, Spinning Reserve, and Non-Spinning Reserve services is used to demonstrate that the use of the developed methodology is suitable for solving this kind of optimization problem. The presented case study is based on CAISO real AS market data considers fifteen bids.","PeriodicalId":143375,"journal":{"name":"2011 8th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116946250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Large scale integration of renewable energy sources in the Spanish power system. Curtailment and market issues","authors":"J. Revuelta, J. Fernández, J. Fernández","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2011.5953047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2011.5953047","url":null,"abstract":"In Spain, Renewable Energy Sources (RES) have priority of dispatch in the process of scheduling the available power plants to satisfy system load requirements. Nevertheless, some non-RES units must be necessarily dispatched due to security or system constraints. Thus, at any given time, maximum RES production that can be fed into the system is limited. When RES available resource is higher than this limit, curtailments must be applied in order to guarantee system security. Such situations have already occurred in Spain on several occasions of high wind production during off-peak demands. This paper presents an estimation of future RES curtailments in the Spanish power system. The time horizons of the study are years 2016 and 2020. National RES installation objectives for those years are taken into account. Results show that under all the scenarios considered, RES curtailments are expected to occur. Then, the paper discusses different technical and regulatory measures that could be put in place in the Spanish power system with the aim of optimizing the integration of renewable resources.","PeriodicalId":143375,"journal":{"name":"2011 8th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124813032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"European balancing markets","authors":"E. Rivero, J. Barquín, L. Rouco","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2011.5953033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2011.5953033","url":null,"abstract":"Balancing markets are critical for the operation of power systems. TSOs use these markets for the acquisition of the resources needed for the balance between generation and demand on real-time (minute-to-minute operation). Balancing markets, since their beginning, were conceived to cope with real-time operation issues such as forecast errors on generation/demand and unplanned power outages due to a fault on generation units or transmission facility. Today, balancing markets are facing new challenges. One of them is the incorporation of a considerable amount of intermittent renewable generation on the generation mix, which could impose an increase on the volumes traded on balancing markets in order to ensure the correct performance of the system. Another issue is the tendency of displacing national energy markets by regional markets within which multi-area Day-Ahead trading is managed. This article presents the current designs of several European balancing markets, i.e. The Belgian, Swiss, German, Danish, Spanish, French, Italian and Dutch balancing markets. Since control reserves vary from one system to another, this article first presents a classification of the control reserves used within the surveyed systems. From the classification we proceed to the comparison of the assessment, remuneration (methods and structure), and cost recovery for secondary and tertiary reserves applied by each TSO.","PeriodicalId":143375,"journal":{"name":"2011 8th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM)","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125091407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reducing energy in buildings by using energy management systems and alternative energy-saving systems","authors":"Orion Zavalani","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2011.5953039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2011.5953039","url":null,"abstract":"The paper reviews the literature concerning the energy savings achieved by installation of energy management systems and alternative energy-saving systems (such as alternative heating, ventilation, cooling, and lighting systems). Savings through enlightened occupant behaviour and operation of building systems are also discussed. Implementation of energy management system and the reduction of need for mechanical heating and cooling equipment permit the reduction of buildings energy up to 50% and often entail no greater construction cost than conventional design. The energy efficient solutions require an integrated design process, in which the building performance shall be optimized through an iterative process that involves all members of the design team from the beginning. It should be highlighted that an energy management system is installed in a 21 floor building in Tirana. The total electrical energy footprint of the building is 135kWh/m2/year from 200kWh/m2/year that was before the installation of the system. It comes out that the result is in accordance with the energy efficiency goals of a lot of developed countries.","PeriodicalId":143375,"journal":{"name":"2011 8th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122382589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A scenario analysis for an optimal RES integration into the European transmission grid up to 2050","authors":"A. Zani, G. Migliavacca, A. Grassi","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2011.5953045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2011.5953045","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the results of a study, carried out in the framework of the EU research project SUSPLAN and aimed at assessing how the EU Electricity Transmission Network should be upgraded so as to allow integrating the maximum share of renewable energy sources (RES) in Europe within the timeframe 2030–2050. The investigation, carried out by developing and running a model of the whole European power system, is focused on assessing optimal electricity transmission network expansions of the trans-national corridors between the European countries, so as to ensure security of electricity supply while keeping into account the impact on electricity production costs and CO2 emissions. In particular, we compared the outcome of the four benchmark scenarios of the SUSPLAN1 project. These scenarios are differentiated on the basis of two drivers: public acceptance and technological development. The reference years considered in the study are 2030, 2040 and 2050. In the following, the methodology, the assumptions and the results of the study will be reported.","PeriodicalId":143375,"journal":{"name":"2011 8th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM)","volume":"164 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122066384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ancillary services in the Iberian Electricity market — Current situation and harmonization approaches","authors":"J. Saraiva, H. Heitor, Nuno Correia, Rui Araujo","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2011.5953074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2011.5953074","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the provision of ancillary services in Portugal and Spain in the scope of the Common Iberian Electricity market. The paper reviews the definitions and the international practice regarding ancillary services with emphasis on primary, secondary and tertiary reserves and describes the procedures adopted by the Portuguese and Spanish TSO's to procure and allocate reserve levels. On the other hand, the paper discusses the models that can be used to enlarge the integration of the reserve markets, namely regarding tertiary reserve. Using data from 2009, the paper presents the results of the simulations that were performed for several situations including an ideal unlimited interconnection capacity, the existing interconnection capacity and an interconnection capacity increased by 300 MW. The results obtained indicate that the adoption of a common tertiary reserve list would ultimately be beneficial for the consumers since the cost of tertiary reserve would be reduced. However, a larger integration and cooperation between the two TSO's would be clearly required.","PeriodicalId":143375,"journal":{"name":"2011 8th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124695067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Georgios C. Christoforidis, S. Lazarou, Costantinos Parisses, Marios Bakouris
{"title":"The covenant of mayors initiative: Status in Europe and barriers towards realizing its full potential in Greece","authors":"Georgios C. Christoforidis, S. Lazarou, Costantinos Parisses, Marios Bakouris","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2011.5953099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2011.5953099","url":null,"abstract":"The Covenant of Mayors (COM) initiative invites cities to commit themselves to reduce voluntarily the greenhouse gas emissions within their territories. In this paper the COM initiative is presented and its mechanisms are analyzed. Emphasis is given to its current status in Europe through the introduction of suitable “participation factors”. Moreover, a study is presented concerning the COM initiative in Greece. The situation is presented and analyzed, showing that there exist barriers in realizing its full potential in Greece. The conclusions indicate lack of proper information and communication about the COM initiative and the obligations arising from its signing, difficulty in securing financial support for the development of the required BEIs and SEAPs and limited support from the communities themselves. The results may be used generally for other country's signatories.","PeriodicalId":143375,"journal":{"name":"2011 8th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121575615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"User P-Q diagram as a tool in reactive power trade","authors":"I. Ilic, A. Viskovic, M. Vrazic","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2011.5953078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2011.5953078","url":null,"abstract":"Trading with reactive power will soon become a very important part of electric energy trade. However, while trading, voltage regulation in portable and distribution systems must not be neglected. In order to balance the technical and economic aspects it is necessary to be familiar with the electric power system, the source of electric energy most of all, meaning the synchronous generator and its possibilities. These possibilities are shown in the synchronous generator P-Q diagram. We nowadays use static P-Q diagrams, provided by generator producers, which in most cases refer only to generators. This article presents a dynamic user P-Q diagram containing changeable parameters and showing a real availability of a synchronous aggregate.","PeriodicalId":143375,"journal":{"name":"2011 8th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124137475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}