Raihani Mohamed, Syafila Kamarudin, Chan Ci En, Yong Jun Wei, Voon Sze Kai, Lee Thong
{"title":"Social Determinants of Suicide Mortality in a Multiethnic Society: Trends, Disparities, and Psychosocial Impacts in Malaysia.","authors":"Raihani Mohamed, Syafila Kamarudin, Chan Ci En, Yong Jun Wei, Voon Sze Kai, Lee Thong","doi":"10.1177/00207640261478535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207640261478535","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14304,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Social Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"207640261478535"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148760098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
João M Castaldelli-Maia, Roger M K Ng, Afzal Javed, Julio Torales, Abdelgadir Hussein Osman, Aida Sylla, Alaa Al-Frokh, Alexandre Carpentier, Amine Larnaout, Anderson Sousa Martins-da-Silva, Antonio Ventriglio, Anucha Lachman, Dan J Stein, Dina Aly-El Gabry, Dirceu Mabunda, Eduardo Adrian Leiderman, Egor Chumakov, Emmanuel Mwesiga, Geraldo F Busatto, Germain Manzekele Bin Kitoko, Helio Elkis, Israel Kanaan Blaas, Japhet Myaba, Joseph El Khoury, José Ricardo López Melgar, Kibrom Haile, Kim Savuon, Liliia Panteleeva, Lingjiang Li, Lucas Ribeiro da Rocha, Maryna Skuhareuskaya, Michael Musalek, Oleg Skugarevsky, Padmavati Ramachandran, Pichet Udomratn, Rodrigo Cordoba, Seon-Cheol Park, Souleymane Dit Papa Coulibaly, Thelma Sanchez-Villanueva, Yong Chon Park, Wael Alraas, Norbert Skokauskas, Danuta Wasserman, Wolfgang Gaebel, Peter Falkai
{"title":"The World Psychiatric Association (WPA) Guideline on Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Management for Low- and Middle-Income Countries.","authors":"João M Castaldelli-Maia, Roger M K Ng, Afzal Javed, Julio Torales, Abdelgadir Hussein Osman, Aida Sylla, Alaa Al-Frokh, Alexandre Carpentier, Amine Larnaout, Anderson Sousa Martins-da-Silva, Antonio Ventriglio, Anucha Lachman, Dan J Stein, Dina Aly-El Gabry, Dirceu Mabunda, Eduardo Adrian Leiderman, Egor Chumakov, Emmanuel Mwesiga, Geraldo F Busatto, Germain Manzekele Bin Kitoko, Helio Elkis, Israel Kanaan Blaas, Japhet Myaba, Joseph El Khoury, José Ricardo López Melgar, Kibrom Haile, Kim Savuon, Liliia Panteleeva, Lingjiang Li, Lucas Ribeiro da Rocha, Maryna Skuhareuskaya, Michael Musalek, Oleg Skugarevsky, Padmavati Ramachandran, Pichet Udomratn, Rodrigo Cordoba, Seon-Cheol Park, Souleymane Dit Papa Coulibaly, Thelma Sanchez-Villanueva, Yong Chon Park, Wael Alraas, Norbert Skokauskas, Danuta Wasserman, Wolfgang Gaebel, Peter Falkai","doi":"10.1177/00207640261449698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207640261449698","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is a pressing need to address the unique challenges of managing Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSD) in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), where mental health resources are scarce and unevenly distributed. To develop this evidence-based guideline, we conducted a systematic review of the literature, followed by three rounds of Delphi surveys with experts from LMICs. The first two Delphi rounds identified and refined priority topics, while the third assessed their practical applicability in resource-limited contexts. The guideline emphasizes early intervention, continuity of care, and the integration of psychosocial interventions with pharmacological treatment, while explicitly tailoring recommendations to the realities of LMICs. Antipsychotic medications remain central, with second-generation agents recommended as first-line treatment for acute psychosis where available, but with recognition that first-generation agents are often the only accessible option. The guideline also discourages mega-dosing and unnecessary polypharmacy-common practices in some LMICs-in favor of rational monotherapy at the lowest effective dose. Psychosocial interventions are positioned as critical but are reframed for scalability: psychoeducation for patients and families, task-sharing to community health workers and trained lay providers, and reliance on peer support and faith-based networks where specialist services are lacking. The guideline stresses comprehensive care addressing physical, mental, and social needs, including vocational rehabilitation and housing support, while acknowledging barriers such as stigma, insecurity, and climate-related disruptions. Cultural adaptation is emphasized throughout, aligning interventions with local beliefs, social norms, and community structures to promote engagement, adherence, and sustainable outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14304,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Social Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"207640261449698"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148684498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Li-Ya A, Yuan Feng, Qinge Zhang, Tian-Mei Si, Roy Abraham Kallivayalil, Andi J Tanra, Amir Hossein Jalali Nadoushan, Kok Yoon Chee, Afzal Javed, Kang Sim, Pornjira Pariwatcharakul, Yukako Nakagami, Toshiya Inada, Kuan-Lun Huang, Shih-Ku Lin, Seon-Cheol Park, Norman Sartorius, Naotaka Shinfuku, Takahiro A Kato, Chee H Ng, Yu-Tao Xiang
{"title":"The Inter-Relationships of Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms with Suicidality Among Asian Psychiatric Patients: Findings From the REAP-AD3.","authors":"Li-Ya A, Yuan Feng, Qinge Zhang, Tian-Mei Si, Roy Abraham Kallivayalil, Andi J Tanra, Amir Hossein Jalali Nadoushan, Kok Yoon Chee, Afzal Javed, Kang Sim, Pornjira Pariwatcharakul, Yukako Nakagami, Toshiya Inada, Kuan-Lun Huang, Shih-Ku Lin, Seon-Cheol Park, Norman Sartorius, Naotaka Shinfuku, Takahiro A Kato, Chee H Ng, Yu-Tao Xiang","doi":"10.1177/00207640261473297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207640261473297","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Depressive and anxiety symptoms (depression and anxiety hereafter), and suicidality are common among psychiatric patients. This study examined the network structure of depressive and anxiety symptoms and suicidality among psychiatric patients across Asia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were drawn from the Research on Asian Psychotropic Prescription Patterns for Antidepressants Phase 3 study (REAP-AD3), which included 2,455 psychiatric patients from 11 Asian countries and territories. Depression and anxiety were assessed using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), respectively, while suicidality (i.e., suicidal thoughts or acts) was assessed by a clinical interview. Expected Influence (EI) and Bridge EI were used as centrality indices in the symptom network to characterize the structure of the symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The point prevalence of suicidality was 30.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 28.2, 31.9) among the psychiatric patients. The network analysis identified PHQ2 (\"Sad mood\") as the most central symptom, followed by GAD2 (\"Uncontrollable worry\"). Additionally, PHQ8 (\"Motor disturbances\") and S (\"Suicidality\") were identified as bridge nodes linking depression and anxiety with suicidality. The flow network indicated that PHQ6 (\"Guilt\") and PHQ2 (\"Sad mood\") had the strongest positive associations with suicidality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Suicidality was common among psychiatric patients across Asia. The central and bridge symptoms might represent potential clinical markers and generate hypotheses for longitudinal and interventional research on depression, anxiety, and suicidality in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":14304,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Social Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"207640261473297"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148678672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Desalegn Melika Geleta, Myung-Bae Park, Eunwoo Nam, Nancy Clark
{"title":"A Scoping Review of Person-Centered Mental Health Care for Migrants and Refugees in Humanitarian Settings.","authors":"Desalegn Melika Geleta, Myung-Bae Park, Eunwoo Nam, Nancy Clark","doi":"10.1177/00207640261473294","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00207640261473294","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Refugees and migrants experience disproportionately high rates of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder due to pre-migration trauma and post-resettlement challenges. Although the World Health Organization (WHO) QualityRights framework emphasizes person-centered and rights-based mental health care, its practical application in migrant and refugee mental health settings remains underexplored. This scoping review maps existing evidence on person-centered mental health care (PCC-MH) for migrants and refugees, identifies key barriers and facilitators, and describes existing interventions and care models through the lens of the WHO QualityRights framework. Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, six academic databases and relevant gray literature sources were searched for studies published between 2004 and 2025. Included studies addressed PCC domains such as dignity, autonomy, communication, privacy, stigma reduction, and cultural sensitivity. Data were synthesized and interpreted using the WHO QualityRights framework. Forty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. The evidence consistently showed high mental health needs among migrants and refugees alongside low service utilization. Key barriers included language difficulties, stigma, restrictive policies, and limited cultural competence within health systems. Facilitators comprised culturally adapted interventions, interpreter services, peer- and trauma-informed care, and rights-based approaches, though implementation was often fragmented and inconsistent. Achieving equitable and sustainable mental health care for migrants in humanitarian settings requires systematic integration of PCC principles within national mental health policies and primary-care systems. Core PCC principles must include privileging the rights, lived experience, and voice of migrant groups to effectively promote the mental health and well-being of diverse migrant groups in humanitarian settings. This can include co-designing mental health services and supporting migrants.</p>","PeriodicalId":14304,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Social Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"207640261473294"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148663582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soyeon Kim, Kenneth P Fung, Natalie Rajack, Florence Tang, Aditi Patrikar, Kinwah Fung, Erik L Friesen, Paul Kurdyak, Bernard Le Foll
{"title":"Equity-Related Determinants of Frequent Emergency Department Visits for Substance Use Disorders: A Population-Based Study in Ontario, Canada.","authors":"Soyeon Kim, Kenneth P Fung, Natalie Rajack, Florence Tang, Aditi Patrikar, Kinwah Fung, Erik L Friesen, Paul Kurdyak, Bernard Le Foll","doi":"10.1177/00207640261419135","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00207640261419135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Substance use disorders (SUDs) represent a growing public health concern in Canada, contributing to emergency department (ED) overcrowding and high system costs. Despite rising rates of SUD-related ED visits, the role of equity-related determinants, such as socioeconomic status, households and dwellings marginalization, and access to coordinated care, remains insufficiently understood.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study examined how equity-related and sociodemographic factors, along with clinical and service utilization characteristics, are associated with frequent ED visits for SUD in Ontario, Canada.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using provincial health administrative data from ICES, we conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of individuals aged 12 and older with an SUD-related ED visit between April 2022 and March 2023. Frequent ED visits were defined as three or more substance use-related emergency department visits in the 12 months preceding an individual's index visit, excluding the index visit itself, which represented approximately the 90th percentile of visit frequency in the cohort. Logistic regression identified factors associated with frequent ED utilization (⩾3 annually).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Frequent SUD-related ED visitors were disproportionately young adults (25-44 years) and male. Individuals in the most housing-unstable areas had significantly higher odds of frequent ED visits. Racialized and newcomer indices were not statistically associated with frequent visits. Comorbid mental illness, chronic diseases, and alcohol use were strong clinical correlates. High service utilization patterns, including prior mental health and acute care hospitalizations, were also associated with frequent ED use.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High-frequency ED users with SUD reflect a convergence of clinical complexity, socioeconomic vulnerability, and systemic gaps. While households and dwellings marginalization emerged as a key factor, the absence of associations with racialized or newcomer indices should not be misread as a lack of need, as these indices were measured at the area level. These findings highlight the urgent need for equity-informed, integrated care to reduce preventable ED use.</p>","PeriodicalId":14304,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Social Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"1426-1438"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13478429/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147321501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Julio Torales, João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia, Antonio Ventriglio
{"title":"The 2026 FIFA World Cup as a Global Moment of Collective Hope and Social Connectedness: Implications for Social Psychiatry.","authors":"Julio Torales, João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia, Antonio Ventriglio","doi":"10.1177/00207640261468247","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00207640261468247","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14304,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Social Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"1067-1069"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148436499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fahimeh Saeed, Mahdieh Saeidi, Elaheh Ghalehnovi, Azin Farzin, Mohsen Vahedi, Sasidhar Gunturu, S Bentolhoda Mousavi, Ali Nazeri Astaneh, Amir Hossein Jalali Nadoushan, Neda Ali Beigi, Sheikh Shoib
{"title":"Medical Residents' Levels of Stress, Anxiety, and Depression: A Multicentric Cross-Sectional Survey.","authors":"Fahimeh Saeed, Mahdieh Saeidi, Elaheh Ghalehnovi, Azin Farzin, Mohsen Vahedi, Sasidhar Gunturu, S Bentolhoda Mousavi, Ali Nazeri Astaneh, Amir Hossein Jalali Nadoushan, Neda Ali Beigi, Sheikh Shoib","doi":"10.1177/00207640251411971","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00207640251411971","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to assess the prevalence and predictors of depression, anxiety, and stress among medical residents in Tehran, Iran.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1 to February 28, 2022, as part of a broader investigation into mental health among medical residents A total of 353 medical residents from various universities in Tehran participated. Data were collected via an online questionnaire, including the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) and demographic variables. Statistical analyses, including Pearson's Chi-square test and linear regression, were used to identify significant mental health predictors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was 69.3%, 63.2%, and 64.6%, respectively. Significant predictors included marital status, gender, number of children, housing situation, specialty type, and workload. First-year residents reported higher psychological distress than senior residents. Surgical residents exhibited the highest levels of depression, anxiety, and stress, followed by medical and paramedical specialties.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings highlight the urgent need for targeted mental health interventions for medical residents in Tehran, addressing specific risk factors across specialties and residency years to enhance well-being and healthcare quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":14304,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Social Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"1356-1365"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146226828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nora Yanyi Sun, Antonia E Caba, Leah M Lessard, Megan S Paceley, Lisa A Eaton, Ryan J Watson
{"title":"Latent Profiles of Disordered Eating Behaviors Associated with Bullying and Mental Health Among Sexual and Gender Diverse Youth.","authors":"Nora Yanyi Sun, Antonia E Caba, Leah M Lessard, Megan S Paceley, Lisa A Eaton, Ryan J Watson","doi":"10.1177/00207640261417942","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00207640261417942","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study examined associations of social identity and experience variables with specific patterns of disordered eating behaviors among sexual and gender diverse youth, a population at elevated risk of disordered eating behaviors and eating disorders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using data from a nationwide U.S. survey of sexual and gender diverse youth between the ages of 13 and 18 (<i>n</i> = 10,743), we determined profiles of engagement across three disordered eating behaviors: restriction, binge-eating, and purging through Latent Profile Analysis and examined the associations between profile membership and gender, sexual orientation, race/ethnicity, four types of bullying victimization (gender-based, sexual orientation-based, race-based, weight-based), lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ)-specific parental acceptance, and depressive and anxiety symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three latent profiles emerged: (1) High Restriction & Binge-eating (28.6%), (2) Low Disordered Eating Behaviors (36.9%), (3) High Restriction (34.4%). All bullying victimization was significantly associated with increased odds of belonging to a disordered profile (Restriction and Binge-eating, and High Restriction); weight-based bullying was specifically associated with greater odds of belonging to the High Restriction & Binge-eating profile. Parental acceptance was most strongly associated with not belonging to either disordered profile. The High Restriction & Binge-eating profile was associated with more elevated depressive and anxiety symptoms than the High Restriction profile.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Binge-eating distinguished two patterns of disordered eating behaviors among sexual and gender minority youth; the High Restriction & Binge-eating profile associated with slightly worse social experiences and outcomes. Future prevention and intervention efforts may focus on fostering safer environments for sexual and gender diverse youth through reducing bullying and increasing parental acceptance, as these social experience variables were more strongly associated with disordered eating behaviors profile membership than identity variables.</p>","PeriodicalId":14304,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Social Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"1400-1411"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147306056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comment on \"Revictimization and Mental Health Service Use in Intimate Partner Violence: A Comparison of Single and Multiple Reports Using Linked Police and Health Registers\".","authors":"Lisbeth M Rubio, Kayla V McNeely","doi":"10.1177/00207640261438822","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00207640261438822","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14304,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Social Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"1452-1453"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147580927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marco Faldi, Livio Tarchi, Emanuele Cassioli, Eleonora Rossi, Jiska Ristori, Alessandra Daphne Fisher, Giovanni Stanghellini, Valdo Ricca, Giovanni Castellini
{"title":"Mental Pain and Psychological Correlates in Individuals With Gender Dysphoria.","authors":"Marco Faldi, Livio Tarchi, Emanuele Cassioli, Eleonora Rossi, Jiska Ristori, Alessandra Daphne Fisher, Giovanni Stanghellini, Valdo Ricca, Giovanni Castellini","doi":"10.1177/00207640251409842","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00207640251409842","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous studies have observed high mental distress in individuals with gender dysphoria (GD). A deeper investigation on constructs underlying mental distress in this specific population is warranted, given the high burden of neglected health needs.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To assess mental pain levels in individuals with GD, compared to a control group, and to evaluate potential psychological correlates.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In this case-control study, 180 individuals were enrolled between January 2020 and January 2024 (94 individuals with GD and 86 controls). All participants completed the following questionnaires: Identity and Eating disorders questionnaire, Orbach & Mikulincer Mental Pain scale, Symptom CheckList 90 - Revised, Beck Depression Inventory II.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among participants with GD, 39 were undergoing gender affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) while 55 were not. Individuals with GD showed significantly higher levels of mental pain than those in the control group (Cohen's <i>d</i> = 0.318, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Positive correlations emerged between mental pain and general mental distress (<i>r</i> = .559, <i>p</i> < .001), depression (<i>r</i> = .828, <i>p</i> < .001), or embodiment disturbances (<i>r</i> = .582, <i>p</i> < .001). Individuals with GD undergoing GAHT for at least one year showed lower levels of mental pain than those seeking GAHT, but not exposed to GAHT at the time of evaluation (Cohen's <i>d</i> = 0.571, <i>p</i> < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Mental pain is elevated in individuals with GD, with specific correlates related to mental distress, depression, and embodiment disturbances. Preliminary evidence suggests that GAHT may reduce levels of mental pain in individuals with GD.</p>","PeriodicalId":14304,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Social Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"1331-1339"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146096906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}