International Journal of Social Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Trends and socio-demographic determinants of suicide-related mortality in Türkiye: An epidemiological study from 2009 to 2022.","authors":"Didem Han Yekdeş, Miraç Çağlayan, Ali Cem Yekdeş, Safiye Takır Stewart, Emine Gökçen Selçuk, Ülfiye Çelikkalp, Galip Ekuklu","doi":"10.1177/00207640241285817","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00207640241285817","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Suicide is a leading cause of death, particularly among the young age group, in Türkiye, a country with a high population of young people.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of this study is determine the suicide related mortality trend and some associated socio-demographic factors in Türkiye between 2009 and 2022.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study includes an epidemiological trend on suicide. The Turkish Statistical Institute's data portal was used. The study population is 46,691 people (Male/female ratios = 74.6%/ 25.4%). Changes in mortality trends were evaluated using the Joinpoint Regression method with Annual Percentage Change (APC) and Average Percentage Change (AAPC) analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over the past 14 years in Türkiye, there has been a statistically significant increase in the standardized mortality rate among males (2009-2022 APC = .76, <i>p</i> = .012) and a statistically non-significant decrease among females (2009-2022 APC = -1.62, <i>p</i> = .083). According to the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS-1) classification, the highest increase is observed in the Central Anatolia region followed by the Western Black Sea region (APC = 3.0 and 2.7, respectively; <i>p</i> < .005). While the percentage of primary school and below has decreasing trends (2009-2022 APC = -7.11, <i>p</i> < .005), there is a significant increase in the percentage of university graduates (2009-2016 APC = 10.87, <i>p</i> < .001). Regarding the marital status, there is a significant decrease in the percentage of those who are married (2009-2013 APC = -3.36, <i>p</i> < .001; 2013-2016 APC = 2.42, <i>p</i> = .037; 2016-2022 APC = -2.31, <i>p</i> = .003) and a significant increase in those who have never been married (2009-2013 APC = 2.63, <i>p</i> < .001; 2013-2016 APC = -1.36, <i>p</i> = .002).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although suicide related mortality is below the global average, there has been an increasing trend in turkey in the last 14 years. Analytical and intervention studies on the socio-demographic determinants supporting the increasing trend are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":14304,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Social Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"188-198"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142377920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The trajectory of substance use disorder among people formerly in foster care: A survival analysis.","authors":"Sogol Olamazadeh, Ahmed N Hassan, Bernard Le Foll","doi":"10.1177/00207640241287088","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00207640241287088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Substance use disorder (SUD) represents a significant public health challenge, especially among individuals who have faced early life adversities. Foster care aims to provide a supportive environment for children; however, the relationship between a history of foster care and SUD development remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aims to examine the likelihood of developing SUD among individuals with a history of foster care, who have used substances during their lifetime, compared to those raised by biological parents.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Using data from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (NESARC-III), we analyzed the prevalence of social demographics and clinical variables among individuals who have used alcohol, nicotine, or cannabis. We calculated the probabilities of developing SUD for each factor, including exposure to foster care. Various covariates that could impact SUD occurrence were also assessed. The duration from initial substance use to SUD onset was calculated for both groups. Survival analysis curves were generated for each substance to depict the probability of SUD development over time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our analysis revealed that foster care may act as a protective factor against Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD), with a hazard ratio of 0.25 (95% CI [0.07, 0.88]). No significant associations were found with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) or Nicotine Use Disorder (NUD). Both foster and non-foster care groups exhibited higher probabilities of developing NUD compared to the general population. For cannabis users, the probability of developing CUD stabilizes after approximately 10 years. Family history of SUD and clinical predictors such as mood disorders consistently showed significant associations across all substance groups, highlighting their importance in SUD development.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that foster care may offer some protective benefits, particularly against CUD, emphasizing the need for further research into its protective factors and the development of targeted interventions to reduce SUD prevalence in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":14304,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Social Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"159-167"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142500501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'Impaired in life': Analyzing people's accounts of depression in Ethiopia - Implications for a cultural-eco social approach to global mental health.","authors":"Gojjam Limenih, Arlene MacDougall, Max Well J Smith, Elysee Nouvet","doi":"10.1177/00207640241280620","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00207640241280620","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Depression is a global crisis and a major concern in mental health interventions, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where it significantly impacts disability, quality of life, and economic stability. These chronic stressors have been used to argue for scaling up the detection and treatment of depression as a public health and development priority.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to explore illness narratives of depression among patients' and to gain insights into multifaceted suffering, its impact on persons' lives, and help seeking. This study is part the broader study which examined global mental health, biopolitics, and depression in Ethiopia, conducted in hospice setting to explore the conception of depression in Bahirdar city, Northern Ethiopia, among patients and health care providers. In this study, we focus on patients' accounts of depression.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We employed an ethnography method using in-depth interviews, fieldnotes, and observation to collect the data. A thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Drawing from cross-cultural and critical psychiatry perspectives, we situate depression within its cultural-eco social framework.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study revealed that patients' experiences and conception of depression are deeply intertwined with Ethiopia's sociocultural, economic, and spiritual context. Depression was often described as a state of being 'impaired in life', reflecting the complex interplay of individual struggles and societal pressures. Integrating quotes from patients, we demonstrated in this analysis the ways in which biographically specific challenges, societal pressures, and mental well-being are understood by study participants in accordance with Ethiopian cultural and religious norms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study suggests moving beyond narrow interpretative frameworks in GMH praxis to understand and address the complex dimensions of depression in Ethiopia and similar contexts. The study advocates for a cultural-ecosocial approach to depression, emphasizing the need for mental health interventions that consider the broader social and cultural factors contributing to mental distress.</p>","PeriodicalId":14304,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Social Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"78-89"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11800728/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142465430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors predicting employment status among persons with schizophrenia: A cross-sectional study from Chennai, India.","authors":"T Indhumathi, B Nisha, Jothilakshmi Durairaj, T C Ramesh Kumar, J Selva Savari Raj, Adith Swarup, Tejasvini Ponnambalam, Vijaya Raghavan","doi":"10.1177/00207640241280161","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00207640241280161","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Even among other mental disorders, a diagnosis of schizophrenia is associated with an abnormally low employment rate. However, those who can find employment report mental health improvements and diminishing symptoms.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed a variety of sociodemographic factors between groups of schizophrenia-diagnosed employed and unemployed individuals to attempt to determine any causal relationships.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A group of 52 employed and 48 unemployed individuals from the same outpatient hospital were surveyed. Patients were asked about their sociodemographic background and employment history, as well as subjected to a variety of tests to quantify critical aspects of their symptomatology. These included the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS), and Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP). The Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS) and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) were administered to assess comorbid depression and anxiety. Lastly, the Simpson Angus Scale (SAS) measured any extrapyramidal side effects caused by the patients' medications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Initial analysis by the Student's <i>t</i>-test and chi-square test revealed correlations between employment status and symptomatology, but upon performing logistic regression, peer support was found to be the only significant predictor of employment status (OR = 0.119, CI [0.40, 0.354], <i>p</i> = .001). Based on these results, the creation of peer support systems at work through fostering inclusive, well-informed, and destigmatized environments should be employers' predominant focus.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Future studies conducted longitudinally can strengthen the conclusions found and confirm the optimal manners in which to address the matter of aiding the integration of schizophrenic and similarly symptomatic individuals into the labor force.</p>","PeriodicalId":14304,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Social Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"90-99"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142132694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathways to suicide for children and youth in Guyana: A life charts analysis.","authors":"Charlotte Shaw, Jaimee Stuart, Troy Thomas, Kairi Kõlves","doi":"10.1177/00207640241280625","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00207640241280625","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Suicide is the third leading cause of death among youth aged 15 to 29 years old globally. Guyana has the highest rate of youth suicide in the world, yet only limited research exists.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of this study is to identify key features of the suicide pathway for Guyanese children and youth and to distinguish meaningful subgroups.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The psychological autopsy (PA) method was used to generate life charts for 15 Guyanese children and youth (10-29 years) who died by suicide. Nineteen close contacts of these individuals were interviewed about the life events of the decedent between 6 months and 5 years after their death. Semi-structured interviews lasting 30 to 150 min took place between November 2021 and January 2022. The interview data were converted into life charts and these were reviewed to uncover meaningful subgroups of suicide pathways.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three groups with distinct suicide pathways were identified: hard life (46%), mental illness (20%) and interpersonal stress (20%). There were also two male youths for whom the suicidal antecedents and pathways were unclear. Interpersonal stress, alcohol, exposure to suicide and family history of suicide were common factors identified across groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings emphasise the role of both acute and protracted interpersonal stress for child and youth suicide in Guyana. The structure and dynamics of Indo-Guyanese families are discussed. Interventions recommended include enhancing child and youth community engagement, improving mental health and suicide literacy, alcohol restriction, increasing access to support services, and reducing stigma.</p>","PeriodicalId":14304,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Social Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"100-108"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11800713/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142287244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suicidal behaviors among high school graduates with preexisting mental health problems: A machine learning and GIS-based study.","authors":"Firoj Al-Mamun, Md Emran Hasan, Nitai Roy, Moneerah Mohammad ALmerab, Mohammed A Mamun","doi":"10.1177/00207640241279004","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00207640241279004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Suicidal behavior among adolescents with mental health disorders, such as depression and anxiety, is a critical issue. This study explores the prevalence and predictors of past-year suicidal behaviors among Bangladeshi high school graduates, employing both traditional statistical and machine learning methods.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To investigate the prevalence and predictors of past-year suicidal behaviors among high school graduates with mental health disorders, evaluate the effectiveness of various machine learning models in predicting these behaviors, and identify geographical disparities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 1,242 high school graduates (54.1% female) in June 2023, collecting data on sociodemographic characteristics, mental health status, sleep patterns, and digital addiction. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS, while machine learning and GIS analyses were conducted with Python and ArcMap 10.8, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the participants, 29.9% reported suicidal ideation, 15.3% had suicide plans, and 5.4% attempted suicide in the past year. Significant predictors included rural residence, sleep duration, comorbid depression and anxiety, and digital addiction. Machine learning analyses revealed that permanent residence was the most significant predictor of suicidal behavior, while digital addiction had the least impact. Among the models used, the CatBoost model achieved the highest accuracy (69.42% for ideation, 87.05% for planning, and 94.77% for attempts) and demonstrated superior predictive performance. Geographical analysis showed higher rates of suicidal behaviors in specific districts, though overall disparities were not statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Enhancing mental health services in rural areas, addressing sleep issues, and implementing digital health and community awareness programs are crucial for reducing suicidal behavior. Future longitudinal research is needed to better understand these factors and develop more effective prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14304,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Social Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"65-77"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142132695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Help-seeking from traditional healers in patients with severe mental illness and its relationship with internalized stigma.","authors":"Alp Üçok, Atilla Tekin, Erkan Göçüm, Sena Aydın, Ekin Deniz Sarıbaş, Mehmet Alper Arslan, Ezgi Ince-Guliyev, Neşe Direk Tecirli","doi":"10.1177/00207640241284242","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00207640241284242","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Help-seeking from traditional healers (TH) is common in patients with severe mental illness. However, the differences between patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are not well-known. Although internalized stigma is also common in patients with severe mental illness, its impact on help-seeking from TH is not studied.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate help-seeking from TH and the relationship between help-seeking from TH and internalized stigma in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, we collected information about help-seeking from TH and clinical characteristics by using a semi-structured interview form from 310 patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in two sites with different socio-cultural backgrounds. We measured internalized stigma by using The Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that 47% of the patients visited TH in any phase of their illness, and 46% of them sought help from TH before their first contact with a psychiatrist. Those who grew up in rural areas, were less educated, who attempted suicide before, with resistance to treatment, and with a family member who also admitted to TH were more frequent among the help-seekers from TH. This group also had more hospitalizations and higher Clinical Global Impression scores. Internalized stigma was found to be higher in the schizophrenia group, and it was related to help-seeking from TH and delay in admission to psychiatric facilities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that help-seeking from TH is common both in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and it has socio-cultural, illness-related, and stigma-related predictors.</p>","PeriodicalId":14304,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Social Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"129-137"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142465429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of social media screen-exposure time on suicidal ideation among Pakistani adolescents.","authors":"Mamoona Alyas, Rameez Ali Mahesar, Sheikh Shoib, Muhammad Babar Khan, Syeda Ayat-E-Zainab Ali, Antonio Ventriglio","doi":"10.1177/00207640241285133","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00207640241285133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adolescence is a crucial life stage for the individual identity formation. The growing employment of social media and screen-exposure among teenagers and the concerning rise in suicide ideation rates in this susceptible group both suggested this study. Thus, we explored the association between adolescents' suicidal ideation and their daily social media screen-exposure.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We surveyed 502 students, aged 13 to 19 years old, recruited in colleges and universities of Punjab, Pakistan. The survey was based on a 28-item self-reported questionnaire and demographic data collection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Approximately 40% of adolescents reporting suicidal ideation showed an extended social media screen-exposure, as well as significant depressive feelings and problematic personality traits. In particular, suicidal ideation increased by 0.39 for each one-unit increase in screen-exposure time and levels of depression increased by 0.21 times by unit of screen-exposure. The correlation coefficients further indicated a moderate positive association between depression and suicidal thoughts as well as personality traits played as mediators between social media screen-exposure time and suicidal ideation among adolescents.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study found a positive association, even if modest, between the use of social media screens and suicidal ideation among adolescents. This evidence may suggest to adopt specific strategies to address the use of media among youths and prevent mental disorders related to the prolonged and inappropriate use of digital technologies in those users with a vulnerable personality.</p>","PeriodicalId":14304,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Social Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"149-158"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142465434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of perceived parental attitude in children exposed to sexual abuse: A case-control study.","authors":"Nurten Gülsüm Bayrak, Elif Güzide Emirza, Sevda Uzun","doi":"10.1177/00207640241284973","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00207640241284973","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The enduring impact of children being subjected to sexual abuse is characterized by lasting traumatic effects.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aims to assess the influence of perceived parental attitudes on the incidence of sexual abuse in children who have experienced such abuse, comparing them with a control group.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The research took place at the Child Advocacy Center (CAC) of a hospital in northern Turkey and in the pediatric outpatient clinics of the same institution. The study evaluated 101 children who were exposed to sexual abuse and 100 children who were not. Data collection took place between November 2022 and August 2023. The study employed a 'Descriptive Information Form' and the 'Parental Attitude Scale' for both case and control groups. The <i>t</i>-test for independent samples, descriptive statistics, and logistic regression analysis were used for data analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analysis of scores from the Parental Attitude Scale revealed significantly lower mean scores in acceptance-involvement and strictness-supervision in the case group (<i>p</i> < .05). The mean scores for 'acceptance-involvement' (<i>X¯</i> = 22.82 ± 6.26, <i>X¯</i> = 25.71 ± 3.89) were highest in the case and control groups. Neglectful attitude (38.6%) was more prevalent in the case group, while the control group exhibited a higher frequency of democratic attitude (37%). In terms of predictors, acceptance-involvement (<i>OR</i> = 1.091, <i>p</i> = .005) and maternal employment (<i>OR</i> = 4.410, <i>p</i> < .001) were identified as the most significant predictors of exposed to sexual abuse. The study's Cronbach's alpha value for the scale was α = .743.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study's findings on parental attitudes suggest a potential connection between children's exposure to sexual abuse and inadequate parental acceptance, involvement, supervision, and control.</p>","PeriodicalId":14304,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Social Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"138-148"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142346599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suicide among adolescents in Brazil in times of pandemic: A perspective.","authors":"Raphael Mendonça Guimarães, Marcelo Rasga Moreira, Nilson do Rosário Costa","doi":"10.1177/00207640241280609","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00207640241280609","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14304,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Social Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"212-213"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142132696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}