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Behavioral and Quantitative Game Theory最新文献

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Correlated equilibrium, conformity and stereotyping 相关均衡，从众和刻板印象
Behavioral and Quantitative Game Theory Pub Date : 2010-05-14 DOI: 10.1145/1807406.1807419
E. Cartwright, M. Wooders
{"title":"Correlated equilibrium, conformity and stereotyping","authors":"E. Cartwright, M. Wooders","doi":"10.1145/1807406.1807419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1807406.1807419","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate that correlated equilibrium can express conformity to norms and the coordination of behavior within social groups. Given a social group structure (a partition of players into social groups), we propose three properties that one may expect of a correlated equilibrium consistent with social group structures satisfying behavioral conformity. These are: (a) within-group anonymity (conformity within groups); (b) group independence (no conformity between groups), and (c) predictable social group behavior (ex-post stability). We also consider stereotyped beliefs --- beliefs that all (other) players in a social group can be expected to behave in the same way. We demonstrate that:\u0000 (1) Correlated equilibrium satisfying both (a) and (b) exist very generally;\u0000 (2) If there are many players then a correlated equilibrium satisfying (a), (b) and (c) exists;\u0000 (3) Stereotyping is not costly to the player who stereotypes.","PeriodicalId":142982,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Quantitative Game Theory","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127480867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Revealed altruism without independence of irrelevant alternatives 显露出的利他主义，没有独立于无关的选择
Behavioral and Quantitative Game Theory Pub Date : 2010-05-14 DOI: 10.1145/1807406.1807486
James C. Cox, V. Sadiraj
{"title":"Revealed altruism without independence of irrelevant alternatives","authors":"James C. Cox, V. Sadiraj","doi":"10.1145/1807406.1807486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1807406.1807486","url":null,"abstract":"Revealed altruism theory (Cox, Friedman, and Sadiraj, 2008) is a theory of reciprocity that is grounded in neoclassical preference theory. The unconditional preferences included in revealed altruism (RA) theory are neoclassical; they satisfy the generalized axiom of revealed preference (GARP) and are independent of irrelevant alternatives. The reciprocal preferences included in RA theory do not satisfy GARP and they can be dependent on choices not made by another. This paper introduces an inconsistency with independence of irrelevant alternatives (IIA) into the non-reciprocal preference component of RA theory. This dependence is inspired by the axiom of monotonicity (Kalai and Smorodinsky, 1975) introduced into bargaining theory as an alternative to Nash's IIA axiom. The extended RA theory can rationalize patterns of giving and taking in dictator games (List, 2007; Bardsley, 2008) previously thought to be anomalous. It also rationalizes effects of earned vs. unearned endowments on dictators' choices (Cherry, et al., 2002). And the theory continues to rationalize data from many games involving reciprocity.","PeriodicalId":142982,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Quantitative Game Theory","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132116246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Beyond Nash equilibrium: solution concepts for the 21st century 超越纳什均衡:21世纪的解决方案概念
Behavioral and Quantitative Game Theory Pub Date : 2010-05-14 DOI: 10.1145/1807406.1807475
Joseph Y. Halpern
{"title":"Beyond Nash equilibrium: solution concepts for the 21st century","authors":"Joseph Y. Halpern","doi":"10.1145/1807406.1807475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1807406.1807475","url":null,"abstract":"Nash equilibrium is the most commonly-used notion of equilibrium in game theory. However, it suffers from numerous problems. Some are well known in the game theory community; for example, the Nash equilibrium of repeated prisoner's dilemma is neither normatively nor descriptively reasonable. However, new problems arise when considering Nash equilibrium from a computer science perspective: for example, Nash equilibrium is not robust (it does not tolerate \"faulty\" or \"unexpected\" behavior), it does not deal with coalitions, it does not take computation cost into account, and it does not deal with cases where players are not aware of all aspects of the game. In this talk, I discuss solution concepts that try to address these shortcomings of Nash equilibrium. This talk represents joint work with various collaborators, including Ittai Abraham, Danny Dolev, Rica Gonen, Rafael Pass, and Leandro Rego.","PeriodicalId":142982,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Quantitative Game Theory","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132284394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The bilateral consistent prekernel for (boundary) balanced games and ordinal prekernels for economic environments (边界)平衡对策的双边一致预核和经济环境的有序预核
Behavioral and Quantitative Game Theory Pub Date : 2010-05-14 DOI: 10.1145/1807406.1807412
G. Orshan, Peter Sudhölter, J. Zarzuelo
{"title":"The bilateral consistent prekernel for (boundary) balanced games and ordinal prekernels for economic environments","authors":"G. Orshan, Peter Sudhölter, J. Zarzuelo","doi":"10.1145/1807406.1807412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1807406.1807412","url":null,"abstract":"It is proved that the bilateral consistent prekernel is not empty and intersects the core of (boundary) balanced games. The proof is introduced in a general framework, which enables us to apply it to pure exchange economy environments. As a result a family of non-empty ordinal solution concepts that intersect the core is defined directly on the economy environment. Such solution concepts that are defined by means of individual excesses associated with the economy may be considered as ordinal (pre) kernels. While a canonical ordinal (pre) kernel does not arise naturally, a parallel approach to that used to derive an ordinal Shapley value yields one of them.","PeriodicalId":142982,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Quantitative Game Theory","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134063841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Avoiding unfairness of Owen solutions in linear production games 避免线性制作游戏中欧文解决方案的不公平性
Behavioral and Quantitative Game Theory Pub Date : 2010-05-14 DOI: 10.1145/1807406.1807483
F. Fernández, Federico Perea, J. Puerto
{"title":"Avoiding unfairness of Owen solutions in linear production games","authors":"F. Fernández, Federico Perea, J. Puerto","doi":"10.1145/1807406.1807483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1807406.1807483","url":null,"abstract":"The Owen set is a well-know solution concept for the class of Linear Production games, which is included in the core. Despite their stability, Owen allocations might give null payoff to players which are absolutely necessary for any possible benefit to arise. We introduce a new solution set that overcomes such drawbacks. Some of its properties are shown as well as an axiomatic characterization.","PeriodicalId":142982,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Quantitative Game Theory","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127931695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Oligopoly pricing in congested networks 拥挤网络中的寡头垄断定价
Behavioral and Quantitative Game Theory Pub Date : 2010-05-14 DOI: 10.1145/1807406.1807409
E. Melo
{"title":"Oligopoly pricing in congested networks","authors":"E. Melo","doi":"10.1145/1807406.1807409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1807406.1807409","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we study the problem of oligopoly pricing in congested markets when the demand faced by every firm is stochastic. In particular, we consider a general network, where every link is owned by a firm which charges prices in order to maximize its profits. In this environment we show the existence of a pure strategy price equilibrium, where the latency functions are assumed to satisfy continuity, monotonicity and convexity. Given this existence result, we show how to compute bounds for the inefficiency and how the result can be adapted to study price and capacity competition.","PeriodicalId":142982,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Quantitative Game Theory","volume":"506 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123201121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Implications of "online-to-store" on retailers' pricing strategy and consumers' demand allocation “线上到店”对零售商定价策略和消费者需求分配的影响
Behavioral and Quantitative Game Theory Pub Date : 2010-05-14 DOI: 10.1145/1807406.1807448
Shuya Yin, James Cao, Rick So
{"title":"Implications of \"online-to-store\" on retailers' pricing strategy and consumers' demand allocation","authors":"Shuya Yin, James Cao, Rick So","doi":"10.1145/1807406.1807448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1807406.1807448","url":null,"abstract":"As internet retailing has become increasingly prevalent, firms have continued to innovate by adopting multi-channel strategies. One of these innovations is the introduction of a distribution channel, commonly known as site-to-store or online-to-store, where consumers can purchase online and pick up in-store. In this project, our focus is on understanding the effects of the site-to-store channel on the retailer's pricing strategy, profitability, and demand realization.","PeriodicalId":142982,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Quantitative Game Theory","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122628128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Asymptotic analysis of large population stochastic games 大种群随机对策的渐近分析
Behavioral and Quantitative Game Theory Pub Date : 2010-05-14 DOI: 10.1145/1807406.1807474
Ramesh Johari, S. Adlakha, G. Weintraub
{"title":"Asymptotic analysis of large population stochastic games","authors":"Ramesh Johari, S. Adlakha, G. Weintraub","doi":"10.1145/1807406.1807474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1807406.1807474","url":null,"abstract":"We study stochastic games with a large number of players, where players are coupled via their payoff functions. A standard solution concept for such games is Markov perfect equilibrium (MPE). It is well known that the computation of MPE suffers from the \"curse of dimensionality.\" To deal with this complexity, several researchers have introduced a notion of mean field equilibrium that we call oblivious equilibrium (OE). In OE, each player reacts to only the average behavior of other players. In this paper, we develop a unified framework to study OE in large population stochastic games. In particular, we prove that under a set of simple assumptions on the model, an OE always exists. Furthermore, as a simple consequence of this existence theorem, we prove that OE approximates MPE well: we show that from the viewpoint of a single agent, a near optimal decision making policy is one that reacts only to the average behavior of its environment. We also study two different classes for games, competition and coordination games. For these classes of games, we isolate key assumptions on the model primitives under which OE exists and approximates MPE asymptotically.","PeriodicalId":142982,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Quantitative Game Theory","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123146850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On reducing the influence of Condorcet cycles from pairwise election data 从两两选举数据中减少孔多塞周期的影响
Behavioral and Quantitative Game Theory Pub Date : 2010-05-14 DOI: 10.1145/1807406.1807462
Sunanda Roy, Abhijit Chandra
{"title":"On reducing the influence of Condorcet cycles from pairwise election data","authors":"Sunanda Roy, Abhijit Chandra","doi":"10.1145/1807406.1807462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1807406.1807462","url":null,"abstract":"Recent developments in voting theory show that Condorcet profiles embedded in electorates are responsible for distortions in pairwise election tallies of any pair of candidates from a given set. Such distortions are the sole cause of conflicts between the various pairwise voting methods and of reversals of rankings, when candidates are dropped from or added to the set. Because of the strong symmetry of the rankings of the candidates within these profiles, it can be argued that Condorcet profiles represent complete ties between the candidates. Hence removing their influence from the pairwise scores should not matter and moreover is justified because of the distortions they induce. The paper discusses a method of removing or reducing the influence of Condorcet profiles from pairwise elections data.","PeriodicalId":142982,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Quantitative Game Theory","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127925252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dynamic inventory competition with stockout-based substitution 基于缺货替代的动态库存竞争
Behavioral and Quantitative Game Theory Pub Date : 2010-05-14 DOI: 10.1145/1807406.1807443
Rodney P. Parker, T. Olsen
{"title":"Dynamic inventory competition with stockout-based substitution","authors":"Rodney P. Parker, T. Olsen","doi":"10.1145/1807406.1807443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1807406.1807443","url":null,"abstract":"This paper continues the stream of literature observed in Olsen and Parker (2008) where retailers compete under a Markov equilibrium solution concept. In this presentation, we consider a duopoly where retailers compete by providing inventory under the circumstances where unsatisfied customers may seek satisfaction elsewhere or leave. A very general framework is formulated to address a variety of customer avenues when stock is unavailable. We find a base-stock inventory policy is the equilibrium policy in the infinite horizon (open loop) under several mild conditions; this model's solution is known as an equilibrium in stationary strategies (ESS). We consequently determine conditions under which the parsimonious base-stock policy is the Markov equilibrium (closed loop) in a discrete-time dynamic game for a general time horizon, coinciding with the ESS base-stock levels. Importantly, when these conditions do not apply, we have counterexamples where a firm has a unilateral incentive to deviate from the ESS, stocking at a higher level. These examples demonstrate a value of inventory commitment, where the retailer may extract a benefit over multiple periods through committing to a higher stocking level and forcing her rival to understock. Our conclusion is that when the Markov solution is base-stock, it coincides with the ESS, but other Markov solutions also exist.","PeriodicalId":142982,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral and Quantitative Game Theory","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132519087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
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