International Journal of Polymer Science最新文献

{"title":"Investigation of Mechanical Properties of FDM-Processed Acacia concinna–Filled Polylactic Acid Filament","authors":"S. Muthu Natarajan, S. Senthil, P. Narayanasamy","doi":"10.1155/2022/4761481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4761481","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, an Acacia concinna filler was blended in a polylactic acid matrix using a single-screw extruder. A composite filament material made from an extruder was used to fabricate polylactic acid/25 wt% A. concinna (PLA/25 wt% AC) composites via a fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique. Composites were fabricated by varying layer thickness, infill density, and printing speed based on Taguchi L9 experimental design. Tensile, flexural, and impact tests were conducted on the printed composite samples as per the ASTM standards. The significance of factors impacting the mechanical properties was determined using analysis of variance. To estimate the strength of PLA/AC composites, mathematical models were developed. In addition, the fractured specimen was examined using scanning electron microscopy to determine the mechanism of fracture. Both the layer height and the infill percentage exhibited a positive influence on strength, which suggests that the layer height or the infill percentage, or both, will increase the material’s strength. The printing speed had a negative influence on the strength, which indicates that the strength decreases as the printing speed increases. The findings suggested that PLA/AC composites could be used to fabricate high-strength, lightweight components using FDM.","PeriodicalId":14283,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42940824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tunable Thin Film Periodicities by Controlling the Orientation of Cylindrical Domains in Side Chain Liquid Crystalline Block Copolymers","authors":"Lei Dong, A. Chandra, Kevin Wylie, Y. Nabae, T. Hayakawa","doi":"10.1155/2022/8286518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8286518","url":null,"abstract":"A facile approach to block copolymer (BCP) domain orientation control in thin films has been demonstrated by employing a BCP with liquid crystalline semifluorinated side chains by tuning the composition of the copolymers of the bottom surface layer (BSL). 1H,1H,2H,2H-Perfluorodecanethiol was attached to a precursor polymer, polystyrene-block-poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PGMA), to obtain a novel BCP with a C8F17-containing liquid crystal (LC) side chain (PS-b-P8FMA). Anisotropic hexagonally packed cylinder domains in a bulk state were first characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The observed morphology transition of BCPs with different fluorinated side chain lengths of –CF3, –C4F9, and –C6F13 suggested the decisive effects of LC side chain ordering on the anisotropic nanostructures. In the thin film study, poly(methyl methacrylate-random-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate-random-methacrylic acid) (PMMA-ran-PTFEMA-ran-PMAA) solution was used as BSLs for tuning the desired periodicities. The surface free energy (SFE) of BSL was simply tailored by changing the composition of comonomers. In atomic force microscopy (AFM) characterization, long-range ordered perpendicularly oriented BCP domains in a hexagonally packed array or parallel oriented BCP domains as striation patterns were easily fabricated on non-preferential or preferential BSL, respectively. The study presents a novel approach to tunable thin film periodicities without changing or modifying BCPs, which is desired in next-generation BCP lithography.","PeriodicalId":14283,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46932960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of Polymer-Based Trigate Nanoscale FinFET for the Implementation of Two-Stage Operational Amplifier","authors":"J. V. Suman, Kusma Kumari Cheepurupalli, H. Allasi","doi":"10.1155/2022/3963188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3963188","url":null,"abstract":"The major motivation behind transistor scaling is the requirement for high-speed transistors with lower fabrication costs. When the fin thickness or breadth is smaller than 10 nm in a trigate FET, charges travel in a nonconfined fashion, resulting in the creation of energy subbands and causing volume inversion. In comparison to the carrier near a surface inversion layer, volume inversion experiences less interface scattering. In large-scale integrations, we have focused on developing a 3D model for surface potential by establishing the three-dimensional Poison’s equation and building a unique fin field-effect transistor (FinFET) structure. In this context, there is a growing interest in developing a low-cost, simple solution that combines plastic (polymer) as a substrate and organic materials to create electronics such as monitors and sensors. The research examines characteristics such as silicon width, oxide thickness, doping concentration, metal work-function about gate, and various surface potentials. For different circuit configurations, it also examines the DC and AC characteristics of the FinFET structure. A differential amplifier is built for RF application based on the device specifications. This work is aimed at improving the semiconductor design structure by adjusting device parameters, analyzing the results, establishing the best FinFET device preferences, and selecting an application for the optimized device. The 3D Poisson’s equation may be used to create an analytical model of a trigate nanosize FinFET, which can then be tested using a TCAD simulator. By constructing such a FinFET, we can structure and analyze various electrostatic parameters. To facilitate the creation of FinFET-based circuits, including product development, a novel transistor needs a creative device basis. The infrastructure’s support denotes a computationally advantageous numerical model that accurately depicts a FinFET. The work presents a compact model for semiconductor manufacturing that permits separate IC productions while achieving higher levels of excellence and using less power. The design outperforms the CMOS by 22.7% in gain, 31.48% in power consumption, and 12.72% in CMRR, while operating at a 5 GHz unity gain frequency.","PeriodicalId":14283,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42767568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and Characterization of Natural Cellulose from Oxytenanthera abyssinica (Lowland Ethiopian Bamboo) Using Alkali Peroxide Bleaching Stages Followed by Aqueous Chlorite in Buffer Solution","authors":"Limenew Abate Worku, R. K. Bachheti, Mesfin Getachew Tadesse","doi":"10.1155/2022/5155552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5155552","url":null,"abstract":"Plants are the primary sources of cellulose. This paper is aimed at isolating cellulose from Oxytenanthera abyssinica via chemical treatments. The thermal behavior, functional group, chemical composition, crystallinity, and morphology of raw (ROA), dewaxed (DOA), alkali-treated (AOA), and bleached (BOA) fibers were examined. TGA, FTIR, DSC, DTA, XRD, and SEM were used for characterization techniques. The effects of chemical treatments were examined by determining the content of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and ash. The cellulose content in the ROA improved from \u0000 \u0000 49.26\u0000 ±\u0000 0.13\u0000 \u0000  wt% to \u0000 \u0000 86.01\u0000 ±\u0000 0.02\u0000 \u0000  wt% due to the removal of noncellulose components using waxing, alkali treatment, and bleaching with alkali peroxide bleaching stages followed by aqueous chlorite in buffer solution. The highest content of cellulose and holocellulose was exhibited in the BOA samples with a yield of \u0000 \u0000 86.01\u0000 ±\u0000 0.02\u0000 \u0000  wt% and \u0000 \u0000 97.61\u0000 ±\u0000 0.17\u0000 \u0000  wt%, respectively. ROA had greater hemicellulose (\u0000 \u0000 21.31\u0000 ±\u0000 0.15\u0000 \u0000  wt%), lignin (\u0000 \u0000 20.63\u0000 ±\u0000 0.12\u0000 \u0000  wt%), and ash content (\u0000 \u0000 3.30\u0000 ±\u0000 0.11\u0000 \u0000  wt%) in comparison to AOA and BOA. The XRD data showed a change in crystallinity after each treatment. Because of the high amount of crystalline cellulose, the XRD results revealed that BOA has a higher crystallinity index (CrI) (59.89%) and peak intensity than AOA, DOA, and ROA. The strength of the FTIR peaks increased in the order of ROA, DOA, AOA, and BOA, indicating that pretreatment causes hemicellulose and lignin to be gradually removed from the Oxytenanthera abyssinica fiber. The TGA, DTG, DTA, and DSC data also confirmed that BOA has the highest thermal stability due to the high content of cellulose. The SEM analysis showed a morphological change in the surface due to chemical treatment. These results confirmed that through chemical pretreatment, a high amount of cellulose was produced from Oxytenanthera abyssinica. Even though Oxytenanthera abyssinica is commonly grown in Ethiopia, few studies have been done on it, and no works have been carried out to isolate and characterize cellulose from the plant. Thus, the findings in this work will encourage researchers to use Oxytenanthera abyssinica as a source of cellulose for various applications, including the manufacture of cellulose nanocrystals, polymer matrix biofilters, green biocomposite reinforcing agents, and hydrogel synthesis.","PeriodicalId":14283,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41458843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospects of Hydrogels in Agriculture for Enhancing Crop and Water Productivity under Water Deficit Condition","authors":"S. Patra, R. Poddar, M. Brestič, P. Acharjee, P. Bhattacharya, S. Sengupta, Payel Pal, N. Bam, Barun Biswas, V. Bárek, P. Ondrisik, M. Skalický, A. Hossain","doi":"10.1155/2022/4914836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4914836","url":null,"abstract":"In arid and semiarid regions and under rainfed conditions, water availability is one of the principal ecological constraints that hinder agriculture’s sustainability. The super absorbent polymer (agricultural) is water-absorbing and is cross-linked to absorb aqueous solutions through bonding with water molecules. It is a new approach to water management under water-stressed conditions to conserve soil moisture in the active rooting zone of crops by reducing the evaporation, deep percolation, and runoff losses. Agricultural hydrogels are water retention granules which swell their original size to numerous intervals when they come in contact with water. It can absorb and retain a huge amount of moisture under plentiful rainfall and irrigation events and release it back to the soil for mitigating crop water demand when the rhizosphere zone dries up under drought conditions. It plays multifarious roles in agriculture including soil-water retainer, nutrient and pesticide carriers, seed coating, soil erosion reducer, and food additives. It has the extraordinary ability in improving different physicochemical, hydrophysical, and biological properties of soil, simultaneously decreasing irrigation frequency, enhancing the water and nutrient use efficiencies, and increasing the yield and quality of the field, plantation, ornamental, and vegetable crops. These biodegradable materials are nontoxic to the soil, crop, and environment. Hence, the addition of the hydrogel polymer will be a promising and feasible technological tool for augmenting crop productivity under moisture stressed conditions.","PeriodicalId":14283,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64779027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Characterization of Pullulan-Carboxymethyl Cellulose Blend Film for Packaging Applications","authors":"Murugesan Thangavelu, Senthil Vadivu Kulandhaivelu","doi":"10.1155/2022/9649726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9649726","url":null,"abstract":"Edible packaging materials have widespread applications in pharmaceutical industries. In this study, the physical, thermal, colour, mechanical, and water barrier properties of a novel edible film based on pullulan (PUL) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) were investigated. The blend films were made by the solution casting method with 3 g of total solid content. The following percentages of 100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75, and 0/100 were used to prepare the films. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to analyze the interaction between PUL and CMC. At the level of 75/25 percentage of PUL, CMC film showed the lowest EAB% (5.55%), the highest values for TS (17.30 MPa), WVP value (\u0000 \u0000 4.12\u0000 ×\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 10\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 −\u0000 10\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000  g m-1s-1Pa-1), and water contact angle of 63.43°. By increasing the CMC concentration, blend films became slightly greenish and yellowish but appeared transparent with UV blocking ability. This study reveals that 75/25 (PUL/CMC) blend film has a good potential that can be used in producing edible packaging films to protect the quality of pharmaceutical products with interesting specifications.","PeriodicalId":14283,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44258414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and Properties of a New Type of Terpyridine Cholesterol Derivative Gelator with Applications to Medical Treatments","authors":"L. Qiu, Yang Liu, YU Miao, Weiwei Zhang, A. Gong, Zhipeng Liu","doi":"10.1155/2022/3695462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3695462","url":null,"abstract":"Low molecular mass gelators (LMMGs), as a new type of intelligent soft material, possess good response properties to light, electricity, heat, and ultrasound and have many potential applications in fields such as intelligent sensing, biological materials, and drug release. Additionally, steroid derivatives have been a focus in the study of LMMGs for their desirable properties as well, such as their rigid framework, multichiral center, and strong van der Waals accumulation. Furthermore, the coordination ability of terpyridine has been an emphasis in the study of supramolecular chemistry and coordination chemistry as well. Attempts have been made with terpyridine groups that have special responses, such as terpyridine with steroid derivatives, to build more specialized and functional gelators. In this study, we used 2-acetylpyridine, 2-formaldehyde, and cholesterol to synthesize 6-(2,2:6\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ′\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ,2\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ″\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 -terpyridine-4\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ′\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 -carboxamide group) hexanoic acid (with a yield of 64.39%, P1), glycine cholesterol ester (with a yield of 70.36%, P2), and DMTCP (with a yield of 88.92%). Infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, and gelator performance tests were then conducted to measure the gelation effect of the materials and to explore their gelation mechanisms. Compared to P1 and P2, the DMTCP synthesized by P1 and P2 was able to form gel in more kinds of solvents. In addition, when it contains both terpyridine and cholesterol functional groups, the gelation properties of DMTCP were also significantly improved, and all the gels prepared in the four solvents in which DMTCP can form gels were stimulus responsive.","PeriodicalId":14283,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48520981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural and Physicomechanical Properties of an Active Film Based on Potato Starch, Silver Nanoparticles, and Rose Apple (Syzygium samarangense) Extract","authors":"Raj Kumar, Naina Gautam, S. Yadav, T. Venketesh, Nasir Awol","doi":"10.1155/2022/7816333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7816333","url":null,"abstract":"In the current research work, active films were made from potato starch (PS) and AgNP solution comprising of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and rose apple extract (RE) via the casting method at various concentrations. AgNP solution in the PS matrix significantly altered the physical properties such as opacity, water vapor permeability mechanical property, solubility, and swelling index of the films. The influence of AgNP solution on the properties of the films was deeply examined. The results found that the 15% AgNP solution films exhibited better physicochemical properties. The presence of AgNP solution in the PS matrix significantly improved the properties of active films which is evident from the results of FTIR and SEM. Results show that AgNPs and PS were uniformly mixed and formed continuous and homogenous films without bubbles and cracks. In addition, the AgNP solution in the films significantly improved the antibacterial activity against S. aureus than P. aeruginosa in the films.","PeriodicalId":14283,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47449465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical Properties and Electrical Resistivity of the Friction Stir Spot-Welded Dissimilar Al–Cu Joints","authors":"N. Mohanraj, N. Kumar, P. Prathap, P. Ganeshan, K. Raja, V. Mohanavel, A. Karthick, M. Muhibbullah","doi":"10.1155/2022/4130440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4130440","url":null,"abstract":"Alternative methods for dissimilar metal joining particularly aluminium and copper have gain interest in manufacturing sectors. Friction stir spot welding was carried out on the AA6061 and C11000 wires of 2 mm diameter. This research paper reported the results on microstructures and mechanical properties of the spot-welded joints, and also special attention is provided for electrical resistivity of the welds. The microstructures reveal the information of grain structure and bonding. The width of diffusion layer significantly reduced with low dwell times. For a plunge depth of 1 mm, the maximum tensile strength (294 MPa) is achieved during the higher rotational speed (1400 rpm). For the same plunge depth, lower tensile strength values are exhibited by the joint produced using the lower rotational speed (800 rpm). Hardness of the weld region recorded 70 HV which is less than Cu (115 HV) and greater than Al (40 HV). FSSW joints (0.30 to 0.34 μΩ) offered higher range of electrical resistivity than that of base metal (0.02 μΩ). The results highlighted in this paper might be helpful for both academic researchers and industrialists.","PeriodicalId":14283,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41977452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Different Dielectric and Magnetic Nanoparticles on the Electrical, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties of Unidirectional Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Composites","authors":"H. Ahmad, T. Hussain, Y. Nawab, S. Salamat","doi":"10.1155/2022/5952450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5952450","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon fiber-reinforced particulate composites are immensely used in commercial and military applications due to their excellent functional and mechanical performance. Several studies have been reported to use nanofiller in carbon fiber-reinforced composites to improve their functional and mechanical performance. However, a comparative study was required to depict the best dielectric and magnetic nanofillers with excellent functional and mechanical performance. The current research was performed to compare the effect of different dielectric and magnetic nanoparticles on the electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties of carbon fiber-reinforced composites. The objective was to identify a nanofiller with excellent electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties with the same weight ratio and a potential candidate for EMI shielding application. Unidirectional composite prepregs containing 2% (by weight) of each magnetic and dielectric nanofillers were fabricated on an in-house developed lab-scale UD prepreg manufacturing setup. Among the dielectric nanofillers, the composite samples containing MWCNT nanofiller showed the highest electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties. The composite samples containing titanium oxide nanofillers showed better flexural, electrical, and thermal properties among magnetic nanofillers.","PeriodicalId":14283,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Polymer Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41662481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}