International Journal of Peptides最新文献_第9页

Ghrelin: central nervous system sites of action in regulation of energy balance. 胃饥饿素:调节中枢神经系统能量平衡的作用部位。

International Journal of Peptides Pub Date : 2010-01-01 Epub Date: 2010-02-15 DOI: 10.1155/2010/616757

Mark Fry, Alastair V Ferguson

引用次数: 42

Ghrelin cells in the gastrointestinal tract. 胃肠道中的胃饥饿素细胞。

International Journal of Peptides Pub Date : 2010-01-01 Epub Date: 2010-03-14 DOI: 10.1155/2010/945056

Ichiro Sakata, Takafumi Sakai

{"title":"Ghrelin cells in the gastrointestinal tract.","authors":"Ichiro Sakata, Takafumi Sakai","doi":"10.1155/2010/945056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/945056","url":null,"abstract":"Ghrelin is 28-amino-acid peptide that was discovered from the rat and human stomach in 1999. Since the discovery of ghrelin, various functions of ghrelin, including growth hormone release, feeding behavior, glucose metabolism, memory, and also antidepressant effects, have been studied. It has also been reported that ghrelin in the gastrointestinal tract has an important physiological effect on gastric acid secretion and gastrointestinal motility. Ghrelin has a unique structure that is modified by O-acylation with n-octanoic acid at third serine residues, and this modification enzyme has recently been identified and named ghrelin O-acyl transferase (GOAT). Ghrelin is considered to be a gut-brain peptide and is abundantly produced from endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal mucosa. In the gastrointestinal tract, ghrelin cells are most abundant in the stomach and are localized in gastric mucosal layers. Ghrelin cells are also widely distributed throughout the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, abundance of ghrelin cells in the gastric mucosa is evolutionally conserved from mammals to lower vertebrates, indicating that gastric ghrelin plays important roles for fundamental physiological functions. Ghrelin cells in the gastrointestinal tract are a major source of circulating plasma ghrelin, and thus understanding the physiology of these cells would reveal the biological significance of ghrelin.","PeriodicalId":14239,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Peptides","volume":"2010 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2010/945056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29267560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 115

The effect of ingested macronutrients on postprandial ghrelin response: a critical review of existing literature data. 摄入的大量营养素对餐后胃促生长素反应的影响:对现有文献数据的批判性回顾。

International Journal of Peptides Pub Date : 2010-01-01 Epub Date: 2010-02-02 DOI: 10.1155/2010/710852

Chrysi Koliaki, Alexander Kokkinos, Nicholas Tentolouris, Nicholas Katsilambros

{"title":"The effect of ingested macronutrients on postprandial ghrelin response: a critical review of existing literature data.","authors":"Chrysi Koliaki, Alexander Kokkinos, Nicholas Tentolouris, Nicholas Katsilambros","doi":"10.1155/2010/710852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/710852","url":null,"abstract":"Ghrelin is a powerful orexigenic gut hormone with growth hormone releasing activity. It plays a pivotal role for long-term energy balance and short-term food intake. It is also recognized as a potent signal for meal initiation. Ghrelin levels rise sharply before feeding onset, and are strongly suppressed by food ingestion. Postprandial ghrelin response is totally macronutrient specific in normal weight subjects, but is rather independent of macronutrient composition in obese. In rodents and lean individuals, isoenergetic meals of different macronutrient content suppress ghrelin to a variable extent. Carbohydrate appears to be the most effective macronutrient for ghrelin suppression, because of its rapid absorption and insulin-secreting effect. Protein induces prolonged ghrelin suppression and is considered to be the most satiating macronutrient. Fat, on the other hand, exhibits rather weak and insufficient ghrelin-suppressing capacity. The principal mediators involved in meal-induced ghrelin regulation are glucose, insulin, gastrointestinal hormones released in the postabsorptive phase, vagal activity, gastric emptying rate, and postprandial alterations in intestinal osmolarity.","PeriodicalId":14239,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Peptides","volume":"2010 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2010/710852","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29272597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 62

Ghrelin in chronic kidney disease. Ghrelin在慢性肾脏疾病中的作用。

International Journal of Peptides Pub Date : 2010-01-01 Epub Date: 2010-03-17 DOI: 10.1155/2010/567343

Wai W Cheung, Robert H Mak

引用次数: 27

Ghrelin's Roles in Stress, Mood, and Anxiety Regulation. 胃饥饿素在压力、情绪和焦虑调节中的作用。

International Journal of Peptides Pub Date : 2010-01-01 Epub Date: 2010-02-14 DOI: 10.1155/2010/460549

Jen-Chieh Chuang, Jeffrey M Zigman

引用次数: 110

Rikkunshito and ghrelin. 力kunshito和饥饿素。

International Journal of Peptides Pub Date : 2010-01-01 Epub Date: 2010-01-26 DOI: 10.1155/2010/283549

Tomohisa Hattori

{"title":"Rikkunshito and ghrelin.","authors":"Tomohisa Hattori","doi":"10.1155/2010/283549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/283549","url":null,"abstract":"Rikkunshito is a popular Japanese traditional medicine that is prescribed in Japan to treat various gastrointestinal tract disorders. In a double-blind controlled study, rikkunshito significantly ameliorated dysmotility-like dyspepsia and brought about a generalized improvement in upper gastric symptoms such as nausea and anorexia when compared with a control group. Several studies in rats have shown enhanced gastric emptying and a protective effect on gastric mucosa injury with rikkunshito administration. In addition, rikkunshito in combination with an anti-emetic drug is effective against anorexia and vomiting that occur as adverse reactions to chemotherapy in patients with advanced breast cancer. However, the mechanism by which rikkunshito alleviates gastrointestinal disorders induced by anticancer agents remains unclear. It has recently been shown that rikkunshito ameliorates cisplatin-induced anorexia by mediating an increase in the circulating ghrelin concentration. Moreover, Fujitsuka et al. found that decreased contractions of the antrum and duodenum in rats treated with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor were reversed by rikkunshito via enhancement of the circulating ghrelin concentration. These findings show that rikkunshito may be useful for treatment of anorexia and may provide a new strategy for improvement of upper gastrointestinal dysfunction.","PeriodicalId":14239,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Peptides","volume":"2010 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2010/283549","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29200112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 28

Synthesis of Peptides from α- and β-Tubulin Containing Glutamic Acid Side-Chain Linked Oligo-Glu with Defined Length. α-和β-含谷氨酸侧链寡聚谷氨酸定长微管蛋白合成多肽。

International Journal of Peptides Pub Date : 2010-01-01 Epub Date: 2010-12-15 DOI: 10.1155/2010/189396

Werner Tegge, Carlos F S Bonafe, Aileen Teichmann, Christian Erck

引用次数: 3

Ghrelin and functional dyspepsia. 胃泌素与功能性消化不良

International Journal of Peptides Pub Date : 2010-01-01 Epub Date: 2010-01-12 DOI: 10.1155/2010/548457

Takashi Akamizu, Hiroshi Iwakura, Hiroyuki Ariyasu, Kenji Kangawa

引用次数: 0

Metabolic and cardiovascular effects of ghrelin. 胃饥饿素对代谢和心血管的影响。

International Journal of Peptides Pub Date : 2010-01-01 Epub Date: 2010-03-16 DOI: 10.1155/2010/864342

Manfredi Tesauro, Francesca Schinzari, Miriam Caramanti, Renato Lauro, Carmine Cardillo

{"title":"Metabolic and cardiovascular effects of ghrelin.","authors":"Manfredi Tesauro, Francesca Schinzari, Miriam Caramanti, Renato Lauro, Carmine Cardillo","doi":"10.1155/2010/864342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/864342","url":null,"abstract":"Ghrelin, an endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor, is synthesized as a preprohormone and then proteolytically processed to yield a 28-amino acid peptide. This peptide was originally reported to induce growth hormone release; large evidence, however, has indicated many other physiological activities of ghrelin, including regulation of food intake and energy balance, as well as of lipid and glucose metabolism. Ghrelin receptors have been detected in the hypothalamus and the pituitary, but also in the cardiovascular system, where ghrelin exerts beneficial hemodynamic activities. Ghrelin administration acutely improves endothelial dysfunction by increasing nitric oxide bioavailability and normalizes the altered balance between endothelin-1 and nitric oxide within the vasculature of patients with metabolic syndrome. Other cardiovascular effects of ghrelin include improvement of left ventricular contractility and cardiac output, as well as reduction of arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance. In addition, antinflammatory and antiapoptotic actions of ghrelin have been reported both in vivo and in vitro. This review summarizes the most recent findings on the metabolic and cardiovascular effects of ghrelin through GH-dependent and -independent mechanisms and the possible role of ghrelin as a therapeutic molecule for treating cardiovascular diseases.","PeriodicalId":14239,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Peptides","volume":"2010 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2010/864342","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29273058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 82

Integrating GHS into the Ghrelin System. 将 GHS 纳入胃泌素系统。

International Journal of Peptides Pub Date : 2010-01-01 Epub Date: 2010-03-18 DOI: 10.1155/2010/879503

Johannes D Veldhuis, Cyril Y Bowers

{"title":"Integrating GHS into the Ghrelin System.","authors":"Johannes D Veldhuis, Cyril Y Bowers","doi":"10.1155/2010/879503","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2010/879503","url":null,"abstract":"Oligopeptide derivatives of metenkephalin were found to stimulate growth-hormone (GH) release directly by pituitary somatotrope cells in vitro in 1977. Members of this class of peptides and nonpeptidyl mimetics are referred to as GH secretagogues (GHSs). A specific guanosine triphosphatate-binding protein-associated heptahelical transmembrane receptor for GHS was cloned in 1996. An endogenous ligand for the GHS receptor, acylghrelin, was identified in 1999. Expression of ghrelin and homonymous receptor occurs in the brain, pituitary gland, stomach, endothelium/vascular smooth muscle, pancreas, placenta, intestine, heart, bone, and other tissues. Principal actions of this peptidergic system include stimulation of GH release via combined hypothalamopituitary mechanisms, orexigenesis (appetitive enhancement), insulinostasis (inhibition of insulin secretion), cardiovascular effects (decreased mean arterial pressure and vasodilation), stimulation of gastric motility and acid secretion, adipogenesis with repression of fat oxidation, and antiapoptosis (antagonism of endothelial, neuronal, and cardiomyocyte death). The array of known and proposed interactions of ghrelin with key metabolic signals makes ghrelin and its receptor prime targets for drug development.","PeriodicalId":14239,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Peptides","volume":"2010 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2925380/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29267562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0