International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Study on consumption of fast food and its association with BMI among medical students in a tertiary care center of eastern India","authors":"Sumita Sharma, Lipilekha Patnaik, Sumitra Pattnaik, Gurukrushna Mohapatra","doi":"10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_2_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_2_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Food that is instantly cooked and served at establishments is known as fast food. It consists of foods like pizza, ice cream, chicken nuggets, French fries, fried chicken, sandwiches, and chips. Medical students are no exception to the fact that today’s youth adhere intensely and fashionably to the fast-food culture. As medico has to work in stressful routine that seriously affects the eating habits and different food pattern. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence regarding consumption of fast food among medical students, its pattern, and to explore various factors influencing the students for it. Objectives: To study the consumption of fast food and its association with BMI among medical students in a tertiary care center of eastern India. Methodology: It is a cross-sectional study conducted in IMS & SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha during the month of October 2021 to January 2022. All the undergraduate MBBS students were taken as study population. A structured questionnaire was developed as study tool to capture all data, which were analyzed through SPSS version 26. Results: A total of 177 students participated in the study, among which 56% were male and rest 44% were female students. The mean age was found as 19.67 ± 3.33 years. Though majority students (93.8%) were being aware of the fact that consuming fast food leads to many diseases and disability, most of the students continue to eat fast food. It may be due to reasons of tasteless food at hostel canteen (34.69%), followed by new taste of fast food with company (30.25%) and to avoid wastage of time (4.07%). Conclusion: The superintendent of the hostel should be mindful of ensuring that all students receive food that is of a high standard. Because common people follow the example set by future doctors, medical professionals must be aware of this for the sake of their own well-being. In restaurants, wholesome snacks can take the place of deep-fried dishes. Government and media should support these channels. By enacting strict restrictions to control the marketing of fast meals in the Indian market, the consumption of fast food by youngsters can be decreased. Levying a high fee on manufactured and imported prepared foods. Medical students’ choices of low-fat menu items and the amount of food they order may be limited by nutritional labelling of food.","PeriodicalId":14233,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases","volume":"13 11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135851821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vanillic acid exhibits potent antiproliferative and free radical scavenging effects under in vitro conditions","authors":"Saravanan Surya, Palanisamy Sampathkumar, Shanmugam M. Sivasankaran, Manoharan Pethanasamy, Chakravarthy Elanchezhiyan, Balasubramaniam Deepa, Shanmugam Manoharan","doi":"10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_29_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_29_23","url":null,"abstract":"Cells endure oxidative stress as a result of an imbalance between the status of body’s reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants. Higher production of ROS or weak antioxidant defense mechanism in the cell could lead to various pathological disorders, including carcinogenesis. The present study investigated the in vitro free radical scavenging activity and antiproliferative efficacy of vanillic acid using a spectrum of radical scavenging assays and cytotoxic assays, respectively. Vanillic acid’s antioxidant ability was investigated using in vitro antioxidant assays such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), hydroxyl, and superoxide radical scavenging assays. The current study observed an excellent free radical scavenging capacity of vanillic acid, which was comparable to that of ascorbic acid (reference drug). The antiproliferative effect of vanillic acid was assessed in mammary cancer cells (Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 [MCF-7]) by using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, ROS generation potential, changes in mitochondrial membrane potential, and by evaluating its apoptotic induction potential. The cell viability of breast cancer cells was drastically decreased by vanillic acid, and its antiproliferative potential in MCF-7 cells could be due to its ability to induce excessive generation of ROS and its apoptotic induction potential. The present investigation thus explores antioxidant and antiproliferative properties of vanillic acid under in vitro conditions.","PeriodicalId":14233,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135851605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modified Nutrition Risk in Critically Ill (m-NUTRIC) score to assess nutritional status and outcome in patients of chronic kidney disease: 2-year cross-sectional study","authors":"Prerna Verma, Sunil Kumar, Neha Phate, Sourya Acharya, Anil Wanjari, Shilpa Bawankule, Sachin Agrawal","doi":"10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_9_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_9_23","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health concern in India and has high prevalence, morbidity, and mortality due to significant percentages of subjects with poor socioeconomic status as well as poor management of health resources. Many apparatuses are available to assess nutrition status among patients of CKD. This study was conducted to identify nutritional risk in CKD patients using a modified Nutrition Risk in Critically ill (m-NUTRIC) score without using interleukin-6 values. Method: This prospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital for a time period of 2 years from 2020 to 2022. The modification of diet in renal disease approach was used for the staging of the CKD. m-NUTRIC scores were calculated and scores ≥5 were graded in high-risk categories and were associated with adverse outcomes, whereas scores <5 were categorized as low risk. Result: Among 250 patients with CKD enrolled, 65 patients were in the age group 18 to 40 years having a mean m-NUTRIC score of 4.46 ± 1.76; in the age group 40 to 60 years 5.18 ± 1.67; and in the age group older than 60 years 5.88 ± 1.77. The mean (standard deviation [SD]) m-NUTRIC score in hemodialysis group was 5.69 ± 1.63 and in nonhemodialysis group was 4.15 ± 1.66. At m-NUTRIC cutoff of 5, predicted hemodialysis is having 66% specificity and 77% sensitivity. It predicts mortality with a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 89% at a cutoff of m-NUTRIC of 6. Conclusion: This study showed that m-NUTRIC score may be an important tool that determines requirement of hemodialysis and mortality in CKD patients. Moreover, these scores were higher in stages 4 and 5 of CKD.","PeriodicalId":14233,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases","volume":"149 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135851819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Broca’s Aphasia as an Only Presenting Feature in Neurocysticercosis with Multiple Cysts: A Rare Case Report","authors":"Harshitha Reddy, Divit Shah, Venkat Reddy, Sunil Kumar, Sourya Acharya, Sachin Aggarwal","doi":"10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_21_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_21_23","url":null,"abstract":"Neurocysticercosis is a parasitic infection in the brain. Speech involvement is rare in the case of neurocysticercosis. Here we discuss a 60-year-old man with multiple brain cysticercosis who had Broca’s aphasia and responded well to treatment with corticosteroids and albendazole. Lesions affecting the anterior perisylvian speech region cause Broca’s aphasia, which was evident on brain imaging.","PeriodicalId":14233,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases","volume":"354 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135851817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Full Outline of Unresponsiveness (FOUR) and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) in Determining Outcome among Patients in Critical Care Units – A Prospective Study","authors":"Anandhi Deva Amirtharaj, Shreedevi Balachandran, Arunodaya Ramarao Gujjar, Judie Arulappan, Sathish Kumar Jaypal","doi":"10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_6_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_6_23","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate assessment and monitoring of level of consciousness is fundamental for prompt management and recognising warning signs of deterioration in the patient. The Glasgow coma scale (GCS), a widely used tool was compared with full outline of unresponsiveness (FOUR) score as an alternate tool for assessment and prognostication of the outcome. The purpose of this study aimed to compare and evaluate the accuracy between GCS and FOUR score (FS) tool in the neurological assessment and predicting the functional outcome. Materials and Methods: For this observational study, 131 patients were recruited from two major teaching hospitals in Middle Eastern countries. Data was collected on admission from emergency department and reassessed on day two &amp; four. Patient was followed on discharge and outcome evaluated using the Glasgow outcome scale (GOS). Results: The mean age was 56.39±17.29 (18- 87years) with 83(63.4%) male patients. 93 (71%) patients admitted with neurological problems. In terms of predicting the outcome using the GOS, the area under the ROC curve was 92% (CI- 95%, 0.870-0.975) for FS and 74.73 % (CI-95%, 0.825-0.951) for GCS. The sensitivity and specificity for FS on admission (0.976 &amp; 0.543), day two (0.971 &amp; 0.495) &amp; day four (0.971 &amp; 0.340) and for GCS is (0.918 &amp; 0.370) (0.941 &amp; 0.433) (0.971 &amp; 0.330). Conclusions: The FS tool is precise in predicting power of mortality and is an ideal complementary or substitute tool for GCS.","PeriodicalId":14233,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135851825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bibliometric Profile of the World Scientific Production on Thanatology in Nursing: Visibility, Impact, and Alternative Metrics","authors":"Fran Espinoza-Carhuancho, John Barja-Ore, Frank Mayta-Tovalino","doi":"10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_11_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_11_23","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: We will analyze the bibliometric metrics of the global scientific production in thanatology for nursing care. Methods : A cross-sectional and retrospective study with a bibliometric approach evaluated publications indexed in Scopus from 2017 to 2022. MESH terms were selected, and together with the Boolean operators AND OR a search strategy was developed and applied on December 20, 2022. We also analyzed the metadata of the publications included in the study using Elsevier’s Scival program. Results : Scientific production has increased from 29 in 2017 to 48 in 2022. Most of the articles analyzed had national cooperation (45.2%) and single authorship was presented in a lower proportion (9.6%). The United States (55) is the country with the most publications; in addition, South Korea had the lowest production (10) and lowest weighted impact (FWCI: 0.35). The articles are mainly published in first-quartile journals, such as the Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. The University of Toronto has 71% more citations than expected. Lester David and Dadfar Mahboubeh lead the subject with four published articles each. Conclusion : Thanatology in the field of nursing is a topic that has increased in recent years, and its main means of dissemination are the scientific journals of the Q1 and Q2 quartile. The leading country in this area was the United States, while Brazil was the only Latin American country with institutions among the most productive.","PeriodicalId":14233,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135851820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Frequency Hearing Sensitivity Level among Young Adults with Insulin-Dependent and Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"Gnana Sekaran, Tamil Selvan Gnanasekaran, Kala Samayan, Kumar JS, Venkataraman Prabhu, Selvarajan G, Muthukumaran G, Ambethkar Suprent, Deepalakshmi K","doi":"10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_57_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_57_22","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood sugar levels. Patients of DM body cells are exposed to excessive amounts of plasma glucose, and the symptoms reported to complicate the sensory hearing organ. Spiral ganglion atrophy, vestibulocochlear nerve myelin sheath degradation, a reduction in the number of spiral lamina nerve fibres, and thickening of the stria vascularis and small arteries capillary walls are all potential chronic auditory repercussions of diabetes. The damage to any part of the hearing mechanism can lead to hearing loss. The present study aimed to investigate the high-frequency hearing sensitivity level among young adults diagnosed with Insulin-dependent and Non-Insulin dependent Diabetes Mellitus. It is an observational study design. Totally 90 participants were included between the age range of 31–40 years and divided into three groups (Control, Insulin-dependent DM, and Non-Insulin dependent DM). Each group had 30 participants. The results indicated that the hearing sensitivity level in high frequencies decreased when compared to lower frequencies. Most of the participants were observed to have reduced hearing sensitivity from mild to moderately severe sensorineural hearing loss. The study concluded that strong evidence that hearing loss may be a sign of DM.","PeriodicalId":14233,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases","volume":"160 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135851823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of peripheral nerve conduction in iron deficiency anemia patients in Indian rural adult population attending a tertiary care hospital","authors":"Vaishali M Paunikar, Alka T Rawekar, Suchit A Barapatre","doi":"10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_19_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_19_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common nutritional deficiency anemia in India. Peripheral neuropathy can result due to iron deficiency as it disrupts myelination and neuronal energetics in neuronal functioning. Nerve conduction studies (NCS) can quantitatively detect peripheral nerve dysfunction. This study was conducted to observe effect of IDA on peripheral nerve conduction velocity in adults using neuroelectrophysiological techniques with the aim to recommend Complete Blood Count for serologic evaluation of patients with peripheral neuropathy in Indian population. Objectives: This study aims to compare motor and sensory nerve conduction study parameters between controls and IDA patients and evaluate the effect of various grades of IDA on motor and sensory nerves. Methodology: 30 newly diagnosed patients of IDA in age group of 20-45 yrs and 30 healthy controls in same age group were recruited in this study. NCS was conducted on bilateral motor and sensory median and ulnar nerves in Neurophysiology laboratory using Neurosoft machine. Neuroelectrophysiological data of both the groups was evaluated and analysed using Student’s unpaired t test. Also, patients were categorised as mild, moderate and severe anemia cases and one way ANOVA was used for comparison among patients with various grades of anemia. Results: CMAP (compound muscle action potential), SNAP (sensory nerve action potential) and nerve conduction velocity (NCV) of bilateral median and ulnar nerves was reduced and DL (distal latency) was increased in bilateral median and ulnar nerves in patients with IDA compared to controls. The results were statistically significant ( p =0.001). A highly significant difference between motor and sensory nerve conduction values between mild, moderate and severe IDA patients was also observed ( p =0.001). Conclusion: The results of the study confirmed peripheral nerves involvement in IDA patients. As severity of anemia increases, peripheral neuropathy worsens. These results can be extrapolated for screening patients with peripheral neuropathy for iron deficiency as a routine part of diagnostic approach for peripheral neuropathy.","PeriodicalId":14233,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135851827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nerve conduction parameters and its correlations with glycemic control and duration in type 2 diabetes mellitus − A cross-sectional study","authors":"Rafi Mohamed Shaji, Mohammed Abdullah, Divya Nagabushana1, Ashwin Kulkarni, Shaikh Mohammed Aslam S","doi":"10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_18_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_18_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetic neuropathy is one of the most common microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) and can lead to a wide array of complications, which are concerning as these are considered a leading cause of disability due to foot ulceration, amputation, gait disturbances, and injuries secondary to falls. Nerve conduction studies (NCS) enable the diagnosis of sensory and motor neuropathy even if the dysfunction is subclinical. This study was conducted to assess the correlation between glycated hemoglobin and duration of diabetes with the parameters of NCS among patients of type 2 DM. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care center in South India. The study was conducted from November 2022 to February 2023. Sixty patients with type 2 DM who presented to the outpatient department with symptoms of neuropathy were included in the study. Detailed clinical history was taken and clinical examination was done. NCS was conducted in them. The parameters of NCS were correlated with HbA1c and duration of diabetes. The statistical analysis was carried out using the SPSS software version 29.0. Results: Sixty patients with type 2 DM were included in the study. The mean age of type 2 DM patients was 60.92 ± 10.9 years. The mean duration of type 2 DM (in years) was 12.8 ± 6.5. Twenty-three participants (38.3%) had solely an axonal pattern of diabetic neuropathy; whereas 20 (33.3%) participants showed a combined axonal and demyelinating pattern of diabetic neuropathy. There was a significant negative correlation between HbA1c and NCS parameters such as nerve conduction velocity, amplitude, and persistence ( p < 0.001); and a significant positive correlation between HbA1c and NCS parameters such as latency and F -wave latency ( p < 0.001). There was a significant correlation between parameters of NCSs and duration of DM ( p < 0.001). Conclusion: Glycemic control and duration of DM have a significant impact on the nerve conduction parameters. Patients with poor glycemic control have decreased NCS parameters such as velocity, amplitude, and persistence; and increased parameters such as latency and F -wave latency. Strict glycemic control can be reinforced for better management of diabetic neuropathy.","PeriodicalId":14233,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135851824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-medication practice among medical students in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Lavanya Pawar, None Srikanth, Somashekara SC","doi":"10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_27_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_27_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The rise in trends of self-medication, particularly among medical students without being aware of its consequences, especially during the COVID pandemic, has raised a major concern. Self-medication may lead to unintended consequences, such as adverse events, unnecessary expenses, delay in attending professional evaluation, masking of symptoms, and drug interactions. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to analyze the prevalence, practice, and pattern of self-medication during the COVID-19 pandemic among medical students. Materials and Methods: In October 2022, a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted using a validated, pretested questionnaire. Information regarding the demographic details, symptoms that led to self-medication, various drugs used, source of drug information, drug used/drug groups used, and reasons for self-medication during COVID-19 were all described in terms of frequency and percentage. Results: In the present study, 80% of the students practiced self-medication. Fever and headache were the most common symptoms for which self-medication was taken. Paracetamol and azithromycin were the most common drugs used for self-medication. Forty-four percent of the students used medical formulas from the previous consultation as the source of drug information, and 16% from the Internet. About 85% of students obtained the drug from a pharmacy. Thirty-two percent of the students self-medicated because they had symptoms of COVID-19 and 29% as a preventive measure. Conclusion: Self-medication was widely practiced by medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. There is a need to educate medical students through various measures about the rational use of self-medication.","PeriodicalId":14233,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases","volume":"208 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135851826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}