International Journal of Nephrology and Renovascular Disease最新文献

{"title":"Acute Kidney Injury Among Admitted COVID-19 Patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.","authors":"Tigist Kefyalew Goffe,&nbsp;Zewdie Aderaw Alemu,&nbsp;Tadios Niguss Derese,&nbsp;Yohannes Bayou Tilahun,&nbsp;Robel Bayou Tilahun","doi":"10.2147/IJNRD.S402946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IJNRD.S402946","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although diffuse alveolar damage and respiratory failure are the most common symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019, other organ involvement, such as the kidney, has been reported. The incidence of acute kidney injury in COVID-19 patients has been reported to vary greatly. In this study, we look at the magnitude and risk factors for acute kidney injury in COVID-19 patients in Ethiopia, a developing country.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A hospital-based retrospective cross-sectional study design was conducted among admitted COVID-19 patients at Eka Kotebe general hospital and Saint Peter COVID-19 treatment center by reviewing data from September 2020 to September 2021. A random sampling technique with proportional size allocation was used to select a total sample of 402 patients (225 from Eka Kotebe and 177 from St. Peter). Secondary data was collected from patient medical records using a standard, pre-tested data collection checklist using the Kobo toolbox, which was then exported to SPSS version 25.0 for analysis. The association between dependent and independent variables was analyzed using binary logistic regression. A statistical significance test was declared at a p value of <=0.05 with a 95% confidence interval.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 402 patient charts were reviewed, and the proportion of patients with acute kidney injury was found to be 18.9%. After adjusting for potential confounders, age<=35 years (AOR = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.07-0.72), female gender (AOR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.28-0.94), and isolation type ICU (AOR = 5.11, 95% CI = 1.44-18.06) were significantly associated with acute kidney injury.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Acute kidney injury is a common complication in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The prevalence of acute kidney injury in this study was 18.9%. Age, gender, and type of isolation were the factors that had a significant association with acute kidney injury. Clinicians and other concerned parties should provide more care to ICU patients and COVID-19 patients who are older.</p>","PeriodicalId":14181,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nephrology and Renovascular Disease","volume":"16 ","pages":"83-92"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/8b/7c/ijnrd-16-83.PMC10040157.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9573160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevention of Intradialytic Hypotension in Hemodialysis Patients: Current Challenges and Future Prospects.","authors":"Seyed Mehrdad Hamrahian,&nbsp;Salem Vilayet,&nbsp;Johann Herberth,&nbsp;Tibor Fülöp","doi":"10.2147/IJNRD.S245621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IJNRD.S245621","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intradialytic hypotension, defined as rapid decrease in systolic blood pressure of greater than or equal to 20 mmHg or in mean arterial pressure of greater than or equal to 10 mmHg that results in end-organ ischemia and requires countermeasures such as ultrafiltration reduction or saline infusion to increase blood pressure to improve patient's symptoms, is a known complication of hemodialysis and is associated with several potential adverse outcomes. Its pathogenesis is complex and involves both patient-related factors such as age and comorbidities, as well as factors related to the dialysis prescription itself. Key factors include the need for volume removal during hemodialysis and a suboptimal vascular response which compromises the ability to compensate for acute intravascular volume loss. Inadequate vascular refill, incorrect assessment or unaccounted changes of target weight, acute illnesses and medication interference are further potential contributors. Intradialytic hypotension can lead to compromised tissue perfusion and end-organ damage, both acutely and over time, resulting in repetitive injuries. To address these problems, a careful assessment of subjective symptoms, minimizing interdialytic weight gains, individualizing dialysis prescription and adjusting the dialysis procedure based on patients' risk factors can mitigate negative outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14181,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nephrology and Renovascular Disease","volume":"16 ","pages":"173-181"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/84/9d/ijnrd-16-173.PMC10404053.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10324890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-Intensity Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy (LI-ESWT) in Renal Diseases: A Review of Animal and Human Studies.","authors":"Sune Moeller Skov-Jeppesen,&nbsp;Nicky Anúel Petersen,&nbsp;Knud Bonnet Yderstraede,&nbsp;Boye L Jensen,&nbsp;Claus Bistrup,&nbsp;Lars Lund","doi":"10.2147/IJNRD.S389219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IJNRD.S389219","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy (LI-ESWT) has been suggested as a treatment for vascular diseases such as ischemic heart disease, diabetic foot ulcers, and erectile dysfunction. Primarily, LI-ESWT is known for its ability to stimulate angiogenesis and activation of stem cells in target tissues. Application of LI-ESWT in chronic progressive renal diseases is a novel area. The aim of the present review was to summarize available data on the effects of LI-ESWT used in the setting of renal diseases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We systematically searched PubMed, Medline, and Embase databases for relevant studies. Our review included the results from preclinical animal experiments and clinical research.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eleven animal studies and one clinical study were included in the review. In the animal studies, LI-ESWT was used for the treatment of hypertensive nephropathy (n=1), diabetic nephropathy (n=1), or various types of ischemic renal injury (ie, artery occlusion, reperfusion injury) (n=9). The clinical study was conducted in a single-arm cohort as a Phase 1 study with patients having diabetic nephropathy. In animal studies, the application of LI-ESWT was associated with several effects: LI-ESWT led to increased VEGF and endothelial cell proliferation and improved vascularity and perfusion of the kidney tissue. LI-ESWT reduced renal inflammation and fibrosis. LI-ESWT caused only mild side effects in the clinical study, and, similarly, there were no signs of kidney injury after LI-ESWT in the animal studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LI-ESWT, as a non-invasive treatment, reduces the pathological manifestations (inflammation, capillary rarefaction, fibrosis, decreased perfusion) associated with certain types of renal disease. The efficacy of renal LI-ESWT needs to be confirmed in randomized clinical trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":14181,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nephrology and Renovascular Disease","volume":"16 ","pages":"31-42"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e6/6c/ijnrd-16-31.PMC9912820.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10705072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Integral Role of Chloride & With-No-Lysine Kinases in Cell Volume Regulation & Hypertension.","authors":"Ioannis Koulouridis,&nbsp;Efstathios Koulouridis","doi":"10.2147/IJNRD.S417766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IJNRD.S417766","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chloride anions are the most abundant in humans. For many years, it has been believed that chloride is simply a counterion of all other cations, ensuring the electroneutrality of the extracellular space. Recent data suggests that chloride anions possess a broad spectrum of important activities that regulate vital cellular functions. It is now evident that, apart from its contribution to the electroneutrality of the extracellular space, it acts as an osmole and contributes to extracellular and intracellular volume regulation. Its anionic charge also contributes to the generation of cell membrane potential. The most interesting action of chloride anions is their ability to regulate the activity of with-no-lysine kinases, which in turn regulate the activity of sodium chloride and potassium chloride cotransporters and govern the reabsorption of salt and excretion of potassium by nephron epithelia. Chloride anions seem to play a crucial role in cell functions, such as cell volume regulation, sodium reabsorption in the distal nephron, potassium balance, and sodium sensitivity, which lead to hypertension. All of these functions are accomplished on a molecular level via complicated metabolic pathways, many of which remain poorly defined. We attempted to elucidate some of these pathways in light of recent advances in our knowledge, obtained mainly from experimental studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14181,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nephrology and Renovascular Disease","volume":"16 ","pages":"183-196"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/57/61/ijnrd-16-183.PMC10438449.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10050034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time to Diabetic Nephropathy and its Predictors Among Diabetic Patients Treated in Wolaita and Dawuro Zone Hospitals, Ethiopia: A Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Tiwabwork Tekalign,&nbsp;Mistire Teshome Guta,&nbsp;Nefsu Awoke,&nbsp;Tesfaye Yitna Chichiabellu,&nbsp;Mengistu Meskele,&nbsp;Gubay Anteneh,&nbsp;Tilahun Saol Tura,&nbsp;Shimelash Bitew Workie","doi":"10.2147/IJNRD.S396574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IJNRD.S396574","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) develops in nearly half of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and one-third of those with type 1 DM during their lifetime. The incidence of DKD as a cause of end stage renal disease is increasing each year. So this study aimed to assess the time to develop diabetic nephropathy and predictors among diabetic patients treated in Wolaita zone hospitals.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A ten-year retrospective cohort study had conducted among 614 diabetic patients using systematic random sampling in Wolaita and Dawuro zone hospitals. Bivariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression had used to identify the possible associations between variables. Those variables with a p-value of less than 0.25 in bivariable analysis exported to multivariable Cox regression analysis. Finally, variables with p-value less than 0.05 at multivariable Cox regression were considered significantly significant. The Cox-proportional hazard model assumption had checked using the Schoenfeld residual test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the total participants, 93 (15.3%; 95% CI = 12.45-18.14) patients had developed nephropathy in 820,048 people year observation. A mean time to diabetic nephropathy in this study was 189.63 (95% CI, 185.01, 194.25) months. Being illiterate (AHR: 2.21, 95% CI: 1.34-3.66), being hypertensive (AHR: 5.76, 95% CI: 3.39-9.59), and being urban dwellers (AHR: 2.25, 95% CI: 1.34-3.77) increases the hazard of nephropathy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to this follow-up study, the overall incidence rate is substantially high over ten year follow-up period. The mean time to develop diabetic nephropathy was sixteen years. Educational status, place of residence, and being hypertensive were the predictors. So stakeholders should work on complication reduction measures and awareness creation of the impact of comorbidities.</p>","PeriodicalId":14181,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nephrology and Renovascular Disease","volume":"16 ","pages":"163-172"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f0/e7/ijnrd-16-163.PMC10275322.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9716278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Clinical Manifestations and Efficacy of Different Treatments Used for Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Shaheer Farooqi,&nbsp;Afshan Mumtaz,&nbsp;Aabiya Arif,&nbsp;Mehwish Butt,&nbsp;Una Kanor,&nbsp;Samuel Memoh,&nbsp;Mohammad Aadil Qamar,&nbsp;Abubakr Yosufi","doi":"10.2147/IJNRD.S392231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IJNRD.S392231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) is a rare disorder that occurs in association majorly with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The lack of collective quantitative data on its clinical manifestations and the different treatment options' efficacy, call the need for our investigation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review was conducted covering a timeline from inception up to July 2022 without any restrictions. Article screening and data extraction were performed independently on PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library. The keywords that we used were CKD, NSF, Gadolinium enduced fibrosis, etc; shortlisted articles were assessed for risk of bias. Data were presented as frequencies and percentages, with a confidence interval of 95%. A chi-square test was also done to find significant relationships, with a <i>p</i>-value <0.05 considered significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We had 83 patients in this review consisting of 44 (55.7%) females with a mean age of 51.4±14.6 years. Sixty-nine (83.1%) patients had chronic kidney disease predisposition to NSF. Previous exposure to gadolinium-based contrast dyes was seen in 66 (79.5%) patients). The most common symptom in patients was cutaneous lesions in 69 (83.1%) patients. The most used treatments were ultraviolet therapy, renal transplant, and extracorporeal photopheresis; in 13.3% of the patients each. Condition in most patients either improved (67.1%) or remained stable (11.8%). Chi-square testing found that the treatments offered were also seen to be significantly related to outcome (p=0.015).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings in this study provide a quantitative measurement of NSF's presentations and treatment efficacies. This serves to make way for researchers to form comprehensive guidelines on the presentation-based treatment of NSF.</p>","PeriodicalId":14181,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nephrology and Renovascular Disease","volume":"16 ","pages":"17-30"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ba/bd/ijnrd-16-17.PMC9842517.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10607728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyperkalemia and the Use of New Potassium Binders a Single Center Experience from Vestfold Norway (The PotBind Study).","authors":"Thea Bjune,&nbsp;Thea Bjerkestrand Bøe,&nbsp;Stig Arne Kjellevold,&nbsp;Kristian Heldal,&nbsp;Sadollah Abedini","doi":"10.2147/IJNRD.S401623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IJNRD.S401623","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Hyperkalemia is a common metabolic complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with several serious adverse events. We aimed to treat/prevent hyperkalemia using the new of potassium-binders, allowing maintained renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASi) treatment in proteinuric CKD and/or congestive heart failure (CHF) patients.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cohort study in long-term users of potassium binders for chronic hyperkalemia. Patients aged 18 years and older, treated with potassium-binders and who met the reimbursement criteria and indication for RAASi treatment were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-seven percent of the patients were males and mean age was 65 years. During the study period, no patients were admitted to hospital due to hyperkalemia after initiation of potassium binders. Potassium maximum values were significantly lower after treatment. Few patients reported major side effects, and discontinuation was mostly due to normokalemia. We found no significant changes in bicarbonate, serum creatinine or GFR stage after starting potassium binder treatment. All patients on RAASi treatment before initiating potassium-binders were retained on RAASi treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>New potassium binders in clinical practice are an easy and safe treatment with few side effects and good tolerance, that significantly lowers the risk of hyperkalemia. Furthermore, and most importantly, patients can be maintained on RAASi treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":14181,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nephrology and Renovascular Disease","volume":"16 ","pages":"73-82"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e8/4c/ijnrd-16-73.PMC10027611.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9363532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survival Rates in Elderly Patients on Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis.","authors":"Bach Nguyen,&nbsp;Quynh Thi Huong Bui,&nbsp;Phuong Que Tran","doi":"10.2147/IJNRD.S397555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IJNRD.S397555","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The present study aimed at evaluating the survival rate, its associated factors, and the causes of death in elderly patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) in Vietnam.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>This is a retrospective, observational study conducted among patients aged ≥65 years who underwent CAPD at Thong Nhat Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, from April 2012 to December 2020. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the cumulative survival rate, and the Log rank test was used to analyze the factors associated with the survival rate of patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study enrolled a total of 68 patients with a mean age of 71.93 ± 7.44 years at the initiation of CAPD. The most common complication among kidney failure patients was diabetic nephropathy (39.71%). The rate of concomitant cardiovascular diseases was 58.82%. The average survival rate was 45.59 ± 4.01 months. Peritonitis was the most common factor causing death (31.25%), followed by cardiovascular diseases (28.12%) and malnutrition (25%). The factors that impacted the survival rate included concomitant cardiovascular diseases, low serum albumin (<35 g/dL), and an indication of CAPD due to exhausted vascular access for hemodialysis at baseline. The main factor associated with a shorter survival time was concomitant cardiovascular diseases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It is necessary to improve the survival time beyond 5 years for elderly patients undergoing CAPD, especially for those with concomitant cardiovascular diseases. Besides the prevention of peritonitis, adequate measures to protect from cardiovascular diseases and malnutrition will reduce the mortality rate in patients on CAPD.</p>","PeriodicalId":14181,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nephrology and Renovascular Disease","volume":"16 ","pages":"131-141"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c9/29/ijnrd-16-131.PMC10122850.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9438018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-Life Anemia Management Among Patients with Non-Dialysis-Dependent Chronic Kidney Disease in Three European Countries.","authors":"Danilo Fliser,&nbsp;Maria Mata Lorenzo,&nbsp;Katherine Houghton,&nbsp;Claire Ainsworth,&nbsp;Martin Blogg,&nbsp;Elena González de Antona Sánchez,&nbsp;Jose Portoles","doi":"10.2147/IJNRD.S401598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IJNRD.S401598","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anemia is prevalent among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), yet current evidence indicates that treatment may not adhere to Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines. We aimed to document the management of patients with non-dialysis-dependent (NDD)-CKD receiving erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) therapy in Europe.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective, observational study extracted information from medical records in Germany, Spain, and the UK. Eligible patients were adults with NDD-CKD stages 3b-5 who initiated ESA therapy for anemia between January and December 2015. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin (Hb) <13.0 g/dL (males) or <12.0 g/dL (females). Data regarding ESA treatment, treatment response, concomitant iron therapy and blood transfusions were extracted up to 24 months post-ESA initiation, and data on CKD progression until abstraction date.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight hundred and forty-eight medical records were abstracted. Approximately 40% received no iron therapy prior to ESA initiation. At ESA initiation, mean ± standard deviation Hb level was 9.8 ± 1.0 g/dL. Most patients received darbepoetin alfa, and switching between ESAs was rare (8.5% of patients). Concomitant intravenous and oral iron therapy was prescribed for 36% and 42% of patients, respectively, during initial ESA therapy. Mean Hb levels reached the target level (10-12 g/dL) within 3-6 months of ESA initiation. Hb, transferrin saturation, and ferritin levels were infrequently monitored from 3 months post-ESA initiation. Rates of blood transfusion, dialysis, and diagnosis of end-stage renal disease were 16.4%, 19.3%, and 24.6%, respectively. Rates of kidney transplant and death were 4.8% and 8.8%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Among ESA-treated patients, ESA initiation was in accordance with KDIGO guidelines, but subsequent monitoring of Hb and iron deficiency were suboptimal.</p>","PeriodicalId":14181,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nephrology and Renovascular Disease","volume":"16 ","pages":"115-129"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d6/54/ijnrd-16-115.PMC10108867.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9441189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Susceptibility to Chronic Kidney Disease: Links, Risks and Management.","authors":"Hanny Sawaf,&nbsp;Tariku T Gudura,&nbsp;Sylvester Dorobisz,&nbsp;Dianne Sandy,&nbsp;Xiangling Wang,&nbsp;Shane A Bobart","doi":"10.2147/IJNRD.S363041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IJNRD.S363041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. In recent years, our understanding of genetic causes of CKD has expanded significantly with several renal conditions having been identified. This review discusses the current landscape of genetic kidney disease and their potential treatment options. This review will focus on cystic kidney disease, glomerular disease with genetic associations, congenital anomalies of kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT), autosomal dominant-tubulointerstitial kidney disease (ADTKD), inherited nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14181,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nephrology and Renovascular Disease","volume":"16 ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f6/0b/ijnrd-16-1.PMC9831004.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10528310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}