Unity Journal最新文献

American Engagement with Nepal: Concerns of China and India 美国与尼泊尔的接触:中国和印度的关切

Unity Journal Pub Date : 2023-02-15 DOI: 10.3126/unityj.v4i01.52246

Dron Prasad Lamichhane

{"title":"American Engagement with Nepal: Concerns of China and India","authors":"Dron Prasad Lamichhane","doi":"10.3126/unityj.v4i01.52246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/unityj.v4i01.52246","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000 How did the United States of America’s active engagement with Nepal become a strategic concern for our neighbors? The USA’s Nepal policy is changing because the new world order appears to be multipolar consonantly; it is believed to be bipolar between the United States and China strategically. The US strategic entry into Nepal and the intense rivalry over the MCC and BRI projects are a reflection of these two countries' growing competition in world politics. It put Nepal at the center of strategic calculations. At the other end, China and India believe that achieving regional and global hegemony requires first establishing their own regional supremacy. That is why they are considering strategic space in South Asia and Nepal. Furthermore, India and U.S. also have strategic alliances in the Indo-Pacific strategic and QUAD. Both of them perceive China as a threat in the Indo-Pacific region. In this tri-lateral rivalry during the global power transition, Nepal may become a geopolitical flash point, serving the strategic interests of those powers. In this scenario, the significance of Nepal's nonalignment foreign policy will be examined through a comparison of Ukraine's and Nepal's geopolitical locations. Nepal shares borders with two Asian behemoths, much like Ukraine does with NATO countries and Russia. The Ukrainian crisis stems from both domestic and foreign policy failures. Politicians are frequently divided into pro-Russian and pro-Western sides, and they fail to recognize their powerful neighbor's sensitivity. In this study, the qualitative method has been used, and secondary data was collected from reliable books, journal articles, and some authentic websites. Explorative research techniques have been used for this research.","PeriodicalId":141351,"journal":{"name":"Unity Journal","volume":"158 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132704455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The Thriving Strategy for Nepal amidst Triangular Competition of China, India, and the United States 中国、印度、美国三角竞争中的尼泊尔繁荣战略

Unity Journal Pub Date : 2023-02-15 DOI: 10.3126/unityj.v4i01.52234

Dharma Bahadur Baniya

{"title":"The Thriving Strategy for Nepal amidst Triangular Competition of China, India, and the United States","authors":"Dharma Bahadur Baniya","doi":"10.3126/unityj.v4i01.52234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/unityj.v4i01.52234","url":null,"abstract":"Nepal’s geostrategic position between the world’s emerging ‘rival’ powers, China and India in the South Asian Region (SAR) has shaped the Nepali people’s psyche. Our neighbors are competing for their economic and security interests over Nepal. Nepal is also strategically important to the United States (US) because of its geographical proximity to China’s Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) and increased Chinese footprints in the region, including Nepal. As a result of the relative weakening of America’s dominant position and the gradual shifting of the geopolitical and economic gravity to the Indo–Pacific, the US aims to reshape alliances and partnerships to counterbalance China’s rise in this new geostrategic space. The Sino–Indian silence over ongoing the Russo–Ukraine war, the Sino–US trade war, Indo–China border dispute, a strong China–Pakistan cooperation, a multi–faceted Indo–US strategic partnership, including the former’s dominant role in the Indo–Pacific Strategy (IPS) and Quad Security Dialogue (Quad) to counter the growing significance of China’s Bridge and Road Initiative (BRI), and the BRI vs. the IPS are major developments taking place in the periphery of Nepal. Nepal’s strategic significance has been further enhanced as a result of the US’ efforts to include it in its IPS so that Nepal could be used as a lever in targeting Chinese influence in the region. In an environment of such conflicting interests, immediate neighbors and the US are trying to expand their influence in various forms over Nepal. With this background, this article endeavors to highlight the latest developments in Nepal’s bilateral relationship with these powers, analytically examine the triangular competition with its implications, and forward relevant recommendations for its security and survival by diplomatically balancing these powers and forestalling their undue pressures. The article is subjectively prepared by analytically reviewing the literature on Nepal under the strategic significance of China, India and the US.","PeriodicalId":141351,"journal":{"name":"Unity Journal","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123641389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Digitizing Cultural Heritage of Nepal: Tools for Conservation and Restoration 数字化尼泊尔文化遗产:保护和修复的工具

Unity Journal Pub Date : 2023-02-15 DOI: 10.3126/unityj.v4i01.52245

Prashamsa Ghimire

{"title":"Digitizing Cultural Heritage of Nepal: Tools for Conservation and Restoration","authors":"Prashamsa Ghimire","doi":"10.3126/unityj.v4i01.52245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/unityj.v4i01.52245","url":null,"abstract":" Our identity as a human being is a result of generations of handed-down culture and traditions. The definition with which we identify today as a society, as a community, as a nation and as a world all dates back to time immemorial. Be it the 2015 Earthquake that hit Nepal and shattered most of our preserved monuments or the stolen artifacts which are sold for millions to foreign countries illegally, every passing day, our identity as Nepalese is threatened. With little importance paid to the ‘actual conservation’ of our temples, monuments, arts and crafts, this paper calls for sensitivity towards a cultural emergency. While problems exist, solutions have been adopted in the past, like the 3-D Laser Scanning of Pancha Deval Temple or the efforts made by National Heritage Documentation Project for constructing a wide-ranging digital records of historical artistic monuments in the danger of extinction. To preserve the roots of our forefathers, we should ramp up the process of utilizing available technology. With the evolution of technology, we have many resources to take inspiration from. Digitization of Cultural and National Heritage will help secure our original heritage in the finest of the finest circumstances. With the aid of technologies like Machine Algorithms, Laser scanning and many more not only the physical structure of the heritage can be preserved but also the age long history behind the heritage will be intact. The following paper outlines some possibilities of using new technologies in the heritage of Nepal and possibilities to explore further.","PeriodicalId":141351,"journal":{"name":"Unity Journal","volume":"187 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131952963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nepal’s Significance amidst the Tripartite Competition between China, India and the US 中、印、美三方竞争中的尼泊尔意义

Unity Journal Pub Date : 2023-02-15 DOI: 10.3126/unityj.v4i01.52241

Karisma Regmi

{"title":"Nepal’s Significance amidst the Tripartite Competition between China, India and the US","authors":"Karisma Regmi","doi":"10.3126/unityj.v4i01.52241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/unityj.v4i01.52241","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000 Geopolitics is never static. After the Cold War, relations among the US, China and India have changed significantly. With the rise of India and China as new economic powers invites an increasing interest of the US. While each has competitive and rival ambitions, Nepal is still trying to get the benefit from the tripartite competition. The US fearing China’s rising power wants to increase its influence in Indo-Pacific region through ‘Indo-Pacific Strategy’. China, also wanting to be next power, wants to exert its influence in the region through ‘Belt and Road Initiative’. First, this paper examines an increasing interest of each of the state and their overlapping interests. In all this, Nepal is brewing in the hot pot of the tripartite competition. Nepal is in a delicate situation where there will be pressure to choose one side, without annoying another and thus testing Nepal to strike a balance. Secondly, the paper examines the weaknesses of Nepal’s foreign policy and the lessons to learn from it. In all this, Nepal should objectively study the major and rising power diplomacy, their implications and safeguard own national interests. This paper is developed by adopting qualitative method using descriptive and analytical approaches. Although Nepal’s role might seem minor at regional and global level, the country is significant to its neighbors and the US to strengthen their geo-political strategies.","PeriodicalId":141351,"journal":{"name":"Unity Journal","volume":"291 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115666278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Relationship between Defense Expenditure and Economic Growth in Nepal 尼泊尔国防费与经济增长的关系

Unity Journal Pub Date : 2023-02-15 DOI: 10.3126/unityj.v4i01.52242

O. Poudel

引用次数: 0

Environment and Culture: Adaptations that have Shaped Nepal 环境与文化:塑造尼泊尔的适应

Unity Journal Pub Date : 2023-02-15 DOI: 10.3126/unityj.v4i01.52231

Anupma Rai

引用次数: 0

Umpiring Technology and Tactical and Strategic Privacy in Cricket 板球裁判技术与战术和战略隐私

Unity Journal Pub Date : 2023-02-15 DOI: 10.3126/unityj.v4i01.52232

Suman Dc

{"title":"Umpiring Technology and Tactical and Strategic Privacy in Cricket","authors":"Suman Dc","doi":"10.3126/unityj.v4i01.52232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/unityj.v4i01.52232","url":null,"abstract":"Each sport has an allotted area for innovative tactics and strategies, while some sports go beyond the sporting rules and regulations. The use of present-day technologies in sports has helped teams and management better understand their rivals’ strategies and tactics through tactical and strategic analysis, and the teams always look for such type of resources to prepare their teams accordingly. The use of sports technology at various levels, from training to officiating a match, itself might reveal a team’s tactics and strategies to its opponents and to a greater group, which could influence the team’s plan and the way it has been executed. For an instance, different umpiring technologies are used in the sports like cricket to execute the game in a fair manner. Imagine a scenario where umpiring technology invades the privacy of the players' tactics and strategies by disclosing them while officiating the game. In the meantime, the implementation of umpiring technology has not been investigated from the perspective of athletes’ tactical and strategic privacy. Therefore, this research paper aims to investigate the dimensions of umpiring technology in sports in relation to strategic and tactical privacy and to imply how the responsible uses of sports technology can be made for the betterment of overall sports. In the process, this research investigates concepts of strategy, tactics, and privacy in relation to pertinent ideas like gamesmanship in sports. Following that, these concepts are applied in a couple of cases in international cricket matches, demonstrating whether the sports technology can reveal a team’s tactical and strategic privacy to various parties. In a broader sense, this research can assist individuals in comprehending various aspects of using sports technology responsibly.","PeriodicalId":141351,"journal":{"name":"Unity Journal","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132680607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Navigating China’s Military Modernization 引领中国军事现代化

Unity Journal Pub Date : 2023-02-15 DOI: 10.3126/unityj.v4i01.52229

Hindu Sanskriti Karki

{"title":"Navigating China’s Military Modernization","authors":"Hindu Sanskriti Karki","doi":"10.3126/unityj.v4i01.52229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/unityj.v4i01.52229","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000 Nepal has repeatedly experienced the lurching effects of the increased tension between China and India. Consequently, both countries have engaged in rigorous military modernization and securitization techniques. The emerging context has posed a question of how Nepal can adopt a military strategy. The capacity of a small power to curtail the reeling effect of the tension between the great power depends on its security preparedness policy. Historical military strategists require any country (powerful or weak) to conduct meticulous research about the opponent or the potential opponents’ military strength before devising any military defense or offense. Acknowledging India’s dominant position in the region and its overwhelming military engagement with the small powers in South Asia, the scholarly discourse on India’s military capacity is voluminous. However, only a few studies have examined China’s military modernization in the new era under President Xi Jinping and what it connotes to the small powers in the south. In this regard, the paper conducted a detailed analysis of China's military transformation under President Xi Jinping. The findings show that China's military organization has adopted a centralized reform mechanism, and its armed forces have been equipped with advanced technological ammunition to build a “World Class Army.” Such a powerful buildup in the northern front makes it imperative for Nepal to rethink its security preparedness policy to deter the spillover effect of the conflict between the great powers in the region or beyond.","PeriodicalId":141351,"journal":{"name":"Unity Journal","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114785245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Media Representation: Coverage of the Nepali Army's Rescue and Relief Operations 媒体代表:报道尼泊尔军队的救援行动

Unity Journal Pub Date : 2023-02-15 DOI: 10.3126/unityj.v4i01.52250

Krishna Aryal

{"title":"Media Representation: Coverage of the Nepali Army's Rescue and Relief Operations","authors":"Krishna Aryal","doi":"10.3126/unityj.v4i01.52250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/unityj.v4i01.52250","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000 This paper explores the media representation of the Nepali Army in its efforts of rescue and relief operations at home and abroad. In recent decades, the Nepali Army personnel have been directly involved in multiple public–welfare affairs along with their primary responsibilities of national security and territorial protection. Media representation of the Nepal Army has been examined from the perspective of Stuart Hall's classification of representation of meaning through language works. To unfold the media representation of the Nepali Army in its significant roles and core principles, I have taken a sample of the Nepali mass media content from the coverage of the Sankatmochan rescue and relief operations launched by the Nepal Army in two major national dailies, Kantipur and Nagarik in the aftermath of the 2015 Gorkha earthquake, for a period of a fortnight. The Nepali Army’s effective manoeuvre of the earthquake relief embodies the institution’s relevance in serving the cause of humanity along its core tasks of maintaining security, peace and order at home and abroad. In this paper, the coverage of different activities run by the Nepal Army is characterized as either reflective, intentional or constructionist. Moreover, the content concerning such rescue and relief operations has been contributing to shaping the image of the institution.","PeriodicalId":141351,"journal":{"name":"Unity Journal","volume":"1 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123531155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Leveraging Military Diplomacy in Nepal’s Foreign Policy 在尼泊尔外交政策中运用军事外交

Unity Journal Pub Date : 2023-02-15 DOI: 10.3126/unityj.v4i01.52233

Ratna Keshari Maharjan

{"title":"Leveraging Military Diplomacy in Nepal’s Foreign Policy","authors":"Ratna Keshari Maharjan","doi":"10.3126/unityj.v4i01.52233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/unityj.v4i01.52233","url":null,"abstract":"Military diplomacy, which notably developed following the end of World War II, is the peaceful utilization of military resources for cooperative relations with foreign countries to enhance national interests and attain objectives of foreign policy. Before and after the codification of the Foreign Policy, 2020, Nepal employed a variety of diplomatic strategies. However, since military diplomacy is not explicitly incorporated into the foreign policy, this paper focuses on prevailing legislations regulating military diplomacy and the challenges they impose on relevant authorities to facilitate military diplomacy. This paper also makes recommendations to the concerned authorities to expand military diplomacy by mitigating misconceptions, taking initiatives to lead in the UN Peacekeeping Missions, establishing proper coordination, and developing common consensus about national interests in global forums. The paper uses both primary and secondary sources for data collection and desk reviews and Key Informants Interview form the foundation of the study. This paper is divided into four parts explaining the meaning and forms of military diplomacy and foreign policy, the historical aspect of military diplomacy, its use as a tool, and hindrances in promoting military diplomacy to attain objectives of foreign policy.","PeriodicalId":141351,"journal":{"name":"Unity Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129793289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1