Unity Journal最新文献

{"title":"नेपालको द्वन्द्व व्यवस्थापनका सहयोगी तर विस्मृत पात्र र पक्षहरु {Helpful but forgotten characters and aspects of Nepal's conflict management}","authors":"बालानन्द Balananda शर्मा Sharma","doi":"10.3126/unityj.v4i01.52140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/unityj.v4i01.52140","url":null,"abstract":"बिक्रम सम्बत २०५२ (सन् १९९६) बाट तत्कालीन नेकपा (माओवादी)ले सुरु गरेको सशस्त्र द्वन्द्वले गर्दा नेपालमा जुन परिमाणमा मानवीय, सामाजिक र आर्थिक चोट र पीडा पर्न गयो त्यसको पूर्ण तथ्य बाहिर आउने सम्भावना न्यून छ । द्वन्द्वले साधारण नागरिकको जीवन प्रणाली नराम्ररी बिथोल्यो, हजारौं परिवार बिचल्लीमा परे र अनाहकमा धेरैले मृत्यु–वरण गर्नुपर्यो। कतिको सिन्दुर पुछियो, नाबालक टुहुरा बने, कमाउने व्यक्ति अस्ताउंदा वृद्ध र बालक सडकमा धकेलिए । त्यस्तै, सशस्त्र द्वन्द्वले नित्याएको मनोवैज्ञानिक दुष्प्रभावको सही लेखा जोखा पनि कहिल्यै हुन सकेन । हरेक नेपालीले द्वन्द्व जतिसक्दो चांडो टुङ्गियोस् भन्ने चाहना राखेका थिए । राज्यमा नेपालीले नेपालीलाई नै मार्ने क्रम रोकिनु पथ्र्यो, धेरैको ज्यान गएपछि मात्र रोकियो। यस क्रममा स्वदेशी र विदेशी धेरै व्यक्ति र संगठनले आफ्नो स्तरबाट खेल्न सक्ने भूमिका निर्वाह गरे र न्यायोचित जस पनि लिए । तर मुलुकमा थप रक्तपात जोगाउन अन्य अनगिन्ति व्यक्ति वा समूहले पनि अनौपचारिक वा औपचारिक तहमा आ–आफ्नो तर्फबाट अहम भूमिका निर्वाह गरे, तर नेपथ्यमै रहे। त्यस्ता गुणकारी व्यक्ति वा संस्थालाई यथोचित नमन गर्नै पर्दछ । यसै सन्दर्भमा, नेपालको शान्ति प्रक्रियामा प्रत्यक्ष वा परोक्षरुपले सम्झनयोग्य भूमिका निर्वाह गरी थप रक्तपात हुनबाट नेपाली समाजलाई जोगाएका केही पात्र र पक्षहरुकाबारे प्रस्तुत लेखमा केही चर्चा गर्ने प्रयास गरिएको छ । \u0000{Due to the armed conflict started by the then CPN (Maoist) from Bikram Sambat 2052 (year 1996) in Nepal, JuneHuman, social and economic injuries and pain have been inflicted on the scale, and the full truth is unlikely to come outis The conflict has severely disrupted the lives of ordinary citizens, leaving thousands of families stranded and helplessMany had to die. Whose vermilion has been wiped away, minors have become orphans, old people and children have lost their livelihood Pushed into the street. Similarly, there will never be an accurate account of the psychological effects of armed conflictcould not Every Nepali wanted the conflict to end as soon as possible. Nepali to Nepali in the state The killing process had to be stopped, it was stopped only after many people died. In this process, many people, domestic and foreign, and The organization played the role it could play at its level and took whatever was justified. But more in the country Countless other individuals or groups also do their part, informally or formally, to prevent bloodshed Played an important role, but remained in the background. Such meritorious persons or institutions should be properly bowed down. In this context, more bloodshed by directly or indirectly playing a memorable role in Nepal's peace process In this article, an attempt has been made to discuss some of the characters and aspects that saved Nepali society from happening.}","PeriodicalId":141351,"journal":{"name":"Unity Journal","volume":"210 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115494119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Smart Surveillance System in National Security","authors":"Sristi Suman","doi":"10.3126/unityj.v4i01.52248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/unityj.v4i01.52248","url":null,"abstract":"Surveillance has been considered essential in maintaining order and discipline since the dawn of time. This paper explores various domains revolving around the Smart surveillance system ranging from the primitive definition, and how it deviates from traditional surveillance to how we can implement the system on a fundamental level which can be scaled up to work on national-level systems. With the rising criminal activity in today’s world, there is a need for a proposed solution in surveillance applications that can examine human behavior and recognize people with criminal pasts and detect abnormal activities. This article focuses on proposing advancements in Surveillance Systems in Nepal such that Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems will be able to recognize people with criminal pasts and also keep track of a person's behaviour to predict if any acts of violence are about to take place or not. The research aims to explore the potential for such a system in Nepal and other places around the world, including questions such as: what specific types of AI Surveillance are the governments deploying and “The feasibility and challenges of adopting a Smart Surveillance System in Nepal”. The research methodology consists of secondary sources of data to collect the information. A comparative document study, a quick survey with ICT experts, journal articles, and research on current technologies, found that Nepal is not far behind in technological advancements though it lacks policy-level intervention on AI which shows Nepal can enhance its national security by adopting an AI-powered Surveillance System.","PeriodicalId":141351,"journal":{"name":"Unity Journal","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115658571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rethinking National Security in the Context of Nepal","authors":"Muskan Pandey, Gunjan Jha","doi":"10.3126/unityj.v4i01.52247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/unityj.v4i01.52247","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores discourses of rethinking national security and the modern security challenges of Nepal, especially targeting the factors of both comprehensive and human security. The existing literature on Nepal has discussed the issues of threats such as fraud, cyber-crime, corruption, transnational organized crime, such as, illegal migration, identity politics raised by ethnic and religious groups, transit hub of narcotics, political disputes, economic downturns etc., and suggests ways of addressing those threats in both policies and implications. Security practices in Nepal sustains a gap in addressing non-traditional security mechanisms where the basic issues of the security dilemma, socio-cultural cohesion, political strength, diplomatic support, and military readiness are widely overlooked. In such a context, this paper explores the undergoing modern security challenges in Nepal based on a holistic approach. The critical constructivism perspective has been applied to rethink different dimensions of national security. This paper raises pertinent questions for strategic intervention in the contemporary context considering Nepal’s geostrategic importance, diplomatic presence, and national interest. The conclusion of the paper portrays the ways of ensuring national security which eventually helps security professional researchers and scholars.","PeriodicalId":141351,"journal":{"name":"Unity Journal","volume":"512 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131607886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Nepali Army’s Contribution to Nation Building","authors":"Anand Singh Bhat","doi":"10.3126/unityj.v4i01.52240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/unityj.v4i01.52240","url":null,"abstract":"  \u0000 The nation-building process involves various approaches such as democratization, inclusiveness, promotion of nationalism, unification, internal restructuring for cultural promotion, and developmental activities to build the loyalty of peripheral people towards the centre. The Nepali State has been employing the Nepali Army as a strategic means to build the Nepali Nation. However, how the Nepali Army has contributed to nation building since its establishment is area that is under-explored. Hence, this article focuses on some of these important strategies using nation-building theories. It is argued that the Nepali army has been significantly contributing to nation building through territorial unification, internal restructuring, and developmental activities in support of nation building since the unification of Modern Nepal. This study initially discusses the contribution of the Nepali Army in territorial unification by conquering principality states and internal restructuring through consolidation of administration and promotion of nationalism. Thereafter, it delves into the integration of local folk cultures to build the Nepali Culture and inscription symbols. Finally, the article analyses developmental works in support of nation building that connects peripheral remote places with the capital city Kathmandu. A conceptual framework based on Saunders' Research Onion Peeled Method is applied with purposive sampling and document study from John Galtung and Stein Rokkan's theoretical lenses has been applieed. The article finds that the Nepali Army initially contributed to the nation building through a unification campaign before consolidating nationalism in the 1950. Further, the Nepali Army continued participating in development activities to link the periphery to the center.","PeriodicalId":141351,"journal":{"name":"Unity Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114193044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of Nepal’s National Security Council and National Security Policy","authors":"R. Sharma","doi":"10.3126/unityj.v4i01.52236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/unityj.v4i01.52236","url":null,"abstract":"In a democratic system, there is a discussion about who will be the \"guardian of the guards.\" For this, the military is made answerable to the parliament and parliamentary oversight bodies are established to make military affairs transparent and accountable to the civilian government. Democratic countries have adopted security policies in which the civilian government controls security strategy and priorities, which were previously handled by the military. A high-level body has been established in various countries to provide strategic direction to the country. For example, the National Security Act of 1947 established the National Security Council (NSC) in the United States; the United Kingdom established one in 2010; and India and Nepal both established one in the post-1990. In Nepal, the NSC of 1990, with only two members and the Prime Minister as chairperson, was unable to bring civilians and military personnel together, resulting in a security dilemma. However, Constitution of Nepal (2015) explicitly enjoins the NSC to formulate security policy and other strategic policies. The Nepali security policy, namely the National Security Policy (NSP), was enacted for the first time in 2016 by the government. This NSP was said to be revised by th e government in 2019, but what about the policy and what were the NSC’s roles in policy formulation are still kept secret to date?In this backdrop, this paper focuses on whether and to what extent the government takes geopolitics and security sensitivities of Nepal into account while formulating the NSP and constituting the NSC. This will focus on raising the government's security priority and will aid in identifying the factors influencing the evolution of the NSC and NSP. Hence, the research question addressing this objective is mainly, \"What are the factors contributing to the evolution and development of NSC and NSP in Nepal?\" For this, the academic literature, domestic laws, and national security and defense policy were studied. In addition, semi-structured questionnaires were used to interview experts on national security in an attempt to explore the evolution of NSC and NSP in general and the practicality of security governance in particular. This paper concludes by defending the necessity of the NSP and NSC in articulating the security vision and maintaining some continuity in the future security vision of Nepal's decision-makers.","PeriodicalId":141351,"journal":{"name":"Unity Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122105675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implications on Nepal’s Foreign Affairs of the Sino-Indian Rapprochement over Lipulekh","authors":"G. Bhattarai","doi":"10.3126/unityj.v4i01.52235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/unityj.v4i01.52235","url":null,"abstract":"When China and India get closer, will Nepal be uncomfortable with losing its strategicspace? The available literature on Sino-Indian conflict and competition in the Himalayanregion do not divulge the impacts of Sino-Indian cooperation on Nepal. By examining theSino-Indian rapprochement over Nepal’s Lipulekh, this study elaborates the implications ofIndia’s and China’s neighborhood policies on Nepal’s foreign policy. In 2015, while Nepalwas concentrating on post-earthquake relief, rehabilitation, and reconstruction, China andIndia—the two Asian geopolitical rivals, decided to use Nepal’s Lipulekh as a trading corridor,without Nepal’s consent. The Sino-Indian agreement over Nepal’s Lipulekh not only stirredcontroversy in Nepal but also raised questions over the intention of Nepal’s two immediateneighbors. Although 2015 was not the first time that Nepal’s neighbors agreed upon the Lipulekhroute, the case of the Sino-Indian rapprochement in Lipulekh is studied and methodologicallyanalyzed under the framework of exploratory research design. By situating Nepal’s case in theconceptual framework of small states, first, this study surveys Nepal’s foreign policy behaviorin the context of Nepal’s Gulliverian neighborhood through deductive reasoning. Second, theimpacts of the multi-faceted Sino-Indian interactions on Nepal’s foreign policy are identifiedthrough inductive reasoning. Finally, the implications of the neighborhood policies of Chinaand India toward Nepal are discussed against the backdrop of the Sino-Indian rapprochementover Nepal’s Lipulekh.","PeriodicalId":141351,"journal":{"name":"Unity Journal","volume":"238 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123099314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Russia–Ukraine Conflict: Nepal’s Foreign Policy in New Dimension of World Power","authors":"Hiranya Lal Lamsal","doi":"10.3126/unityj.v4i01.52244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/unityj.v4i01.52244","url":null,"abstract":"  \u0000 How can Nepal engage with big powers? To do so, what kind of foreign policy should Nepal adopt? These questions are the main concerns of the study. In the present world scenario, foreign policy requires building a rapport with other countries Any country would need distinctive foreign policies to ensure national security, territorial integrity, and the protection of people’sovereignty. This study aims at exploring Nepal’s foreign policy in light of the ongoing Russia–Ukraine conflict. It follows an interpretative research design. It uses an inductive, qualitative method of study, collecting secondary data in the form of expert interviews, content-specific thematic analysis to construct a specific set of themes about the Russia-Ukraine conflict. The paper unfolds how foreign policy safeguards the territorial integrity of a country and protects the interest of its citizens, both within and outside the country. It has exemplified Ukraine’s situation as a reminder to small powers so that they tread a fine line in balancing between the preservation of sovereignty and signifying strategic empathy towards the interests of major powers.","PeriodicalId":141351,"journal":{"name":"Unity Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122818223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"प्रकृति संरक्षणमा नेपाली सेनाको योगदान {Nepali Army's contribution to nature conservation}","authors":"पशुपति Pasupati अधिकारी Adhikari","doi":"10.3126/unityj.v4i01.52262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/unityj.v4i01.52262","url":null,"abstract":"बि.स. २०३२ देखि प्रकृतिसंरक्षणमा संलग्न नेपाली सेनाको प्रकृतिसंरक्षण सम्बन्धी कमाण्ड संरचनाभित्र १५ युनिटमा ८,११७ आधारभूत फौज कार्यरत छन् । सेनाको संलग्नतापछि गंैडा, बाघ, हात्ती, घडियाल गोही जस्ता दुर्लभ वन्यजन्तु चोरी शिकार र वासस्थान विनाशका कारण नेपालबाट लोप हुनबाट जोगिएका छन् । प्रकृतिसंरक्षणमा नेपाली सेनाको योगदानलाई अझै कसरी परिष्कृत गर्न सकिन्छ भन्ने विषयमा अनुसन्धान गर्न यो अध्ययन गरिएको हो । त्यसका लागि प्राथमिक र द्वितीय स्रोतबाट संकलित तथ्याङ्कलाई विश्लेषण गरी प्रतिवेदन तयार पारिएको छ । यस अध्ययनमा प्रकृतिसंरक्षणको इतिहास, नेपाली सेनाले प्रकृति संरक्षणको क्षेत्रमा हालसम्म सम्पादन गरेका कामहरुको समीक्षा, सेना र नागरिक विचको सम्बन्ध, सेनाको सबलीकरण, मानव अधिकार उल्लङ्घनका सवालका साथै प्रकृति संरक्षणमा सेनाको संलग्नतापछि देखिएका व्यवस्थापकीय सबल र कमजोर पक्षहरु समेटिएका छन् । जैविक विविधता र भू–दृश्यको संरक्षण, चोरी शिकार नियन्त्रण, संयुक्त व्यवस्थापनको मोडल र पर्यटन प्रबद्र्धनमा सहयोग सबल पक्ष रहेका छन् भने प्रकृति संरक्षणको काम सैनिक संगठनभित्र आन्तरिकीकरण हुन नसक्दा तदर्थ रुपमा चल्दै आउनु, संरक्षण शिक्षा र समन्वयमा कमी कमजोर पक्ष रहेका छन् । सेनाको कुशल कार्यक्षमताले गर्दा गंैडा, बाघ लगायतका वन्यजन्तु नेपालबाट लोप हुनबाट जोगिएका छन् । तर यिनको संरक्षणमा प्राकृतिक र मानवजन्य चुनौतिहरु बढ्दै गएका हुँदा दीर्घकालसम्म आजकै स्थितिमा जोगाई राख्न मुस्किल छ । वन्यजन्तु संरक्षण अत्यन्तै सम्वेदनशील काम भएकाले सेनाले आफ्नो कार्य क्षमता गुमाउँदै गएको खण्डमा अहिलेसम्म हासिल गरेका उपलब्धि पनि गुम्ने छन् । त्यसैले योजनाबद्ध रुपमा सैनिक सबलीकरणका कार्यक्रमहरु सञ्चालन गर्नु पर्दछ । {B.S. Since 2032, 8,117 basic troops are working in 15 units within the nature conservation command structure of the Nepali Army, which has been involved in nature conservation. After the involvement of the army, rare wild animals like wildebeests, tigers, elephants, crocodiles have been saved from extinction in Nepal due to poaching and habitat destruction. This study was conducted to investigate how the contribution of the Nepali Army in nature conservation can be improved. For that, a report has been prepared after analyzing the data collected from primary and secondary sources. In this study, the history of nature conservation, the review of the work done by the Nepali Army in the field of nature conservation, the relationship between the army and the citizens, the empowerment of the army, the question of human rights violations as well as the managerial strengths and weaknesses seen after the involvement of the army in nature conservation are covered.Conservation of biological diversity and landscape, poaching control, joint management model and cooperation in tourism promotion are strong aspects, while the work of nature conservation cannot be internalized within the military organization, running on an ad hoc basis, lack of conservation education and coordination are weak aspects. Due to the efficient performance of the army, wild animals such as tigers and tigers have been saved from extinction in Nepal.However, due to the increasing natural and man-made challenges in","PeriodicalId":141351,"journal":{"name":"Unity Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128799472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Artificial Intelligence in the Military: An Overview","authors":"Utsav Sharma Gaire","doi":"10.3126/unityj.v4i01.52237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/unityj.v4i01.52237","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000 Modern-day research and innovation have expedited the proliferation of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Its impacts on society, economy, and power are ever-increasing. This paper highlights the remarkable advancements in the entire ecosystem of AI-associated technologies comprising machine learning, computer vision, natural language processing, robotics, brain-machine interface, etc., and their innovative usage in pioneering military technologies/strategies. This paper scrutinizes the unprecedented contingencies and challenges of AI application on three core facets of future defence, i.e., Autonomous Weaponry and Warfare, Intelligence, and National Security. Several powers in the “geopolitical chessboard” have already begun to exploit AI for military applications like intelligence analysis, surveillance, autonomous weaponry, reconnaissance, and logistics. This will eventually propel AI to be the new dimension of military strength evaluation and a pivotal entity for national security. This paper predicts the future of military applications, their constraints and challenges, and also recommends the steps to be pursued by technologically fragile countries like Nepal to acclimatize with these AI-induced transformations. The research will follow a qualitative methodology to analyse AI development and its military incorporation, challenges, and prospects. The review of the published articles, opinions, commentaries, and findings worldwide on AI-driven innovations underscores the results. In sum, the research aims to discuss the future of military applications in light of the burgeoning ecosystem of AI.","PeriodicalId":141351,"journal":{"name":"Unity Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127508705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in Global Power Relations, Geopolitical Complexity and Nepal's National Security Challenges","authors":"Khadga K.C.","doi":"10.3126/unityj.v4i01.52249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/unityj.v4i01.52249","url":null,"abstract":"  \u0000 There are clear signs that the balance of power in the globe is shifting. The USA, an established superpower, and China, a developing superpower, are vying for the world's attention. Eventually, Russia is showing strength to establish herself as one of the other axis powers to transform the global order from unipolar to multipolar. India, Nepal's immediate neighbor with an open border and decades-old, strong bilateral links, is also evolving into a regional power, or at the very least, is on track to appear as the world's second-largest economy in near future. In this juncture, Nepal is more of security significance to China, India, and the US due to its geostrategic location. Nepal, which is constrained by a number of treaties with India, has already declared its support for both the US Millennium Challenge Corporation and China's Belt and Road Initiative. The New World Order has seen a new regional security climate in South Asia and growing polarization leading to large power rivalry forming a China-India plus the US . Additionally, attempts are being made to strengthen the security ties between the US and Nepal through the State Partnership Program (SPP) and with China through the Chinese Global Security Initiative (GSI), both of which may pose serious challenges to Nepal's national security. Thus, Nepal must maintain strict nonalignment foreign policy, increase the use of soft powers, and take a proactive, impartial, and balanced attitude in its diplomatic operations in order to face the expanding national security challenges resulted from geopolitical complexity. Also, Nepal needs to maintain strategic balance among the great powers, promoting the value of green energy and nurturing soft power. For Nepal, accomplishments of such goals and objectives through the preservation of the Himalayas, promoting Nepal's rich cultural heritage of the Buddha and accelerating mililtary diplomacy in the UNPKO have been indispensable. Nepal's foreign and national security policy should be both inside and outward looking, fostering her regional and the multilateral engagements in SAARC, BIMSTEC, Shanghai Cooperation, and the United Nations.","PeriodicalId":141351,"journal":{"name":"Unity Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114360361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}