{"title":"The correct authorship of Arthropoda—A reappraisal","authors":"Carlos A. MARTÍNEZ-MUÑOZ","doi":"10.18476/2023.472723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18476/2023.472723","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The scientific name Arthropoda has been repeatedly cited with various incorrect authorship data. This unsatisfactory situation was reviewed in 2013 and the “correct citation” was affirmed to be “Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848” based on the available evidence. Here, the review of historical literature is expanded with additional sources from the Biodiversity Heritage Library. The Greek compound noun “Arthropoda” was used as a scientific name at the rank of class already in 1843, containing the subclasses Crustacea, Arachnoidea, and Insecta. Additionally, the French morphological term “arthropodes” has been used in Zoology since at least 1832. The new citation of the name is proposed as “Arthropoda Gravenhorst, 1843”. Zusammenfassung Der wissenschaftliche Name Arthropoda wurde wiederholt mit verschiedenen falschen Urheberangaben zitiert. Die unbefriedigende Situation wurde 2013 überprüft und die „korrekte Zitierung“auf der Grundlage der verfügbaren Literatur mit „Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848“bestätigt. Hier wird die Recherche historischer Literatur um zusätzliche Quellen aus der Biodiversity Heritage Library erweitert. Das griechische zusammengesetzte Substantiv „Arthropoda“wurde bereits 1843 als wissenschaftlicher Name im Rang einer Klasse verwendet, der die Unterklassen Crustacea, Arachnoidea und Insecta enthielt. Darüber hinaus wird der französische morphologische Begriff „arthropodes“in der Zoologie seit mindestens 1832 verwendet. Die neue Zitation des Namens wird als „Arthropoda Gravenhorst, 1843“vorgeschlagen.","PeriodicalId":141328,"journal":{"name":"Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde A","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131357839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"CHAPTER 7Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Iran","authors":"","doi":"10.18476/2023.997558.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18476/2023.997558.7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":141328,"journal":{"name":"Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde A","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127746464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Rajaei, O. Karsholt, A. Hofmann, V. Nazari, Jonah M. Ulmer, Dominic Wanke, R. Zahiri
{"title":"CHAPTER 2A historical review of lepidopterology in Iran","authors":"H. Rajaei, O. Karsholt, A. Hofmann, V. Nazari, Jonah M. Ulmer, Dominic Wanke, R. Zahiri","doi":"10.18476/2023.997558.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18476/2023.997558.2","url":null,"abstract":"The historical and cultural significance of Lepidoptera in Iran cannot be overstated. Despite this, research on the topic has been sporadic and often disjointed. The cultural fascination with Lepidoptera extends far into Iranian history. Butterfly-like motifs can often be seen on prehistoric ceramics, including those from Tapeh Sialk, Kashan (3300 BC); however, their true identity remains unclear (nazaRi 2003). Stylized butterflies are commonly illustrated on the margins of Persian miniature paintings from the Safavid (1501–1722) and later periods, or as artistic decorations on tiles, toiletry or other everyday objects now preserved in museums around the world. The fami liar combination of “Sham’o Gol’o Parvaneh” (the candle, the flower and the butterfly), which is abundantly present in the poetry of Hafez and other giants of Persian literature, symbolizes the anguish of a soul in love. It is unclear who collected the first lepidopteran in Iran. However, we do know that the first described species from Iran was Zygaena cuvieri Boisduval, [1828], collected by French physician and entomologist GUillaUme-antoine oliVieR, who travelled to the country in 1796. This taxon was described based on a single specimen collected in “aux environs d’Amaden, en Perse”, which most probably refers to “Hamadan”, as it is mentioned on the route map of oliVieR (1804). The “H” at the beginning of the name is unspoken in French (Hofmann & tRemeWan 2020: 59–61), and was likely transcribed phonetically by oliVieR. Over a half-century later, the first list of Iranian Lepidoptera was published by KollaR & ReDtenbacHeR (1849), based on specimens collected by the famous Austrian bo tanist tHeoDoR KotscHy. Since oliVieR collected his first Zygaena in the mountains of western Iran, nearly 900 authors have contributed to the study of Lepidoptera in Iran, publishing roughly 1,700 works on the topic from short communications to tome-like monographs. In this catalogue, we hope to condense and reflect this body of work.","PeriodicalId":141328,"journal":{"name":"Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde A","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128313366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"CHAPTER 4General patterns of the Lepidoptera fauna of Iran","authors":"H. Rajaei, Sajad Noori, O. Karsholt, R. Zahiri","doi":"10.18476/2023.997558.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18476/2023.997558.4","url":null,"abstract":"*1 In: Rajaei, H. & KaRsHolt, O. (eds.): Lepidoptera Iranica. – Integrative Systematics 6 (Special Issue): 69–81. The main purpose of this catalogue was to improve our knowledge of the Lepidoptera fauna of Iran and acquire a better knowledge of the patterns of distribution of this large insect order within the country. These patterns not only show the large-scale structure of the faunal elements of this order in Iran, but also highlight research gaps and and other needs in Iranian lepidopterology, which should be addressed before we lose more habitats and species. This chapter addresses questions such as: How many lepidopteran species are reported from Iran? How many of them are truly present in Iran? I.e., how many need further confirmation and how many have been erroneously reported? How many of the reported species are regarded as synonyms today? How are they systematically distributed (e.g., how many species are known per family)? How are they geographically distributed, both horizontally and vertically? Which taxonomic groups are especially in need of additional sampling efforts and taxonomic revisions? Finally, how many are endemic to Iran? Species diversity","PeriodicalId":141328,"journal":{"name":"Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde A","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129820818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"CHAPTER 3A brief introduction to the phylogeny of Iranian Lepidoptera","authors":"R. Zahiri, H. Rajaei","doi":"10.18476/2023.997558.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18476/2023.997558.3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":141328,"journal":{"name":"Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde A","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133528757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Rajaei, A. Hausmann, M. Scoble, Dominic Wanke, David M. Plotkin, G. Brehm, Leidys Murillo‐Ramos, P. Sihvonen
{"title":"An online taxonomic facility of Geometridae (Lepidoptera), with an overview of global species richness and systematics","authors":"H. Rajaei, A. Hausmann, M. Scoble, Dominic Wanke, David M. Plotkin, G. Brehm, Leidys Murillo‐Ramos, P. Sihvonen","doi":"10.18476/2022.577933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18476/2022.577933","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We present a new, online, open access portal to the geometrid moths of the world (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). The portal provides access to the global database including data on classification, valid genera and species, synonyms and type localities, and to an online list of valid names. The value of this online facility, inter alia, is demonstrated by using the underlying data to update our understanding of the global and regional species richness of the family. We also review, clarify and list the family-group names (family, subfamily, tribe) of the Geometridae to provide users with a better understanding of the higher category framework when they access the database. Currently, the Geometridae database includes 34,897 available species-group names. Of these, 7,891 are considered synonyms (23% of available names), giving a total of 27,006 valid species-group names, which in turn comprise 23,872 species names and 3,134 subspecies names. The world fauna is classified into 2,019 genera, 92 tribes and 9 subfamilies. Our paper also includes an annotated list of all 202 subfamily, tribe and subtribe names in systematic order. One hundred family-group names (49.5%) are considered synonyms. Although most geometrid species were described in the 19th and 20th centuries, the average number of new species descriptions from 2000–2022 has been fairly constant at around 80 per year, implying there is still much more hidden geometrid diversity yet to be discovered. Zusammenfassung Ein neues, frei zugängliches Online-Portal zu den Geometriden der Welt (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) wird hier vorgestellt. Das Portal bietet Zugang zu einer globalen Datenbank mit Informationen zur Klassifikation, zu sämtlichen validen Gattungs- und Artnamen, Synonymen und Typuslokalitäten. Die Bedeutung dieser öffentlich zugänglichen Datensammlung liegt darin, unsere Kenntnisse über den globalen und regionalen Artenreichtum der Familie Geometridae zu verbessern. Außerdem wurden die Namen der höherrangigen Taxa (Familie, Unterfamilie, Tribus) überarbeitet, ihr Status geklärt und aufgelistet, um den Benutzern ein besseres Verständnis der Phylo-genie nach dem augenblicklichen Stand der Forschung zu vermitteln. Derzeit umfasst die Familie der Geometriden 23.872 beschriebene und valide Arten und 3.134 validierte Unterarten, während weitere 7.891 Namen als Synonyme betrachtet werden (23 % der verfügbaren Namen). Die weltweite Fauna ist in 2.019 Gattungen, 92 Triben und 9 Unterfamilien unterteilt. Unsere Arbeit enthält zudem eine kommentierte Liste aller 202 Unterfamilien-, Tribusund Subtribusnamen in systematischer Reihenfolge. 100 dieser Namen (49,5 %) werden als Synonyme betrachtet. Während die meisten Geometriden-Arten im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert beschrieben wurden, liegt die durchschnitt-liche Zahl der neuen Artbeschreibungen von 2000 bis 2022 ziemlich konstant bei etwa 80 pro Jahr, was bedeutet, dass eine bedeutende Zahl von Geometriden noch darauf wartet, entdeckt zu werden.","PeriodicalId":141328,"journal":{"name":"Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde A","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123734704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ann-Kathrin Mertz, Jessica Awad, Ingo Wendt, Christiane Dalitz, L. Krogmann
{"title":"Curation and digitization of insect galls in the collection of the State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart","authors":"Ann-Kathrin Mertz, Jessica Awad, Ingo Wendt, Christiane Dalitz, L. Krogmann","doi":"10.18476/2022.491606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18476/2022.491606","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Although many natural history collections include gall specimens, a uniform curatorial standard remains to be developed. A subset of the gall collection at the State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart served as a model to examine historical methods of gall preservation and explore digitization of specimen data. Six gall storage methods are compared and critically evaluated based on qualitative assessment of specimen condition. Pinning material in insect drawers is recommended, although preservation on herbarium sheets is best suited for digitization and storage in envelopes is the most space-efficient. A gall digitization method is described. Digitized data were used to generate a map, revealing collecting bias and the existence of underexplored areas in terms of gall diversity. Additionally, the systematic treatment of the gall collection yielded new records for the following species in Baden-Württemberg: Aulacidea hieracii (Bouché, 1834), Cynips agama Hartig, 1840, Diastrophus rubi (Bouché, 1834), Diplolepis nervosa (Curtis, 1838), Phanacis centaureae Förster, 1860, Xestophanes potentillae (Retzius in De Geer, 1783) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae); Euura pedunculi (Hartig, 1837) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae); Rabdophaga albipennis (Loew, 1850), Rabdophaga degeerii (Bremi, 1847), Rabdophaga heterobia (Loew, 1850), Rabdophaga terminalis (Loew, 1850) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae); Aphis symphyti Schrank, 1801 (Hemiptera: Aphididae); Livia junci Schrank, 1789 (Hemiptera: Psyllidae); Adelges abietis (L., 1758), Sacchiphantes viridis (Ratzeburg, 1843) (Hemiptera: Adelgidae). Zusammenfassung Obwohl viele naturkundliche Sammlungen Belege von Pflanzengallen enthalten, wurden hierfür keine einheitlichen kuratorischen Standards entwickelt. Ein Teilbestand der Gallensammlung des Staatliches Museums für Naturkunde Stuttgart dient als Modell, um historische Methoden der Aufbewahrung von Pflanzengallen zu unter-suchen und die Digitalisierung von Belegdaten voranzutreiben. Sechs Methoden zur Gallenlagerung werden verglichen und basierend auf einer qualitativen Bewertung des Zustands der Sammlungsobjekte bewertet. Das Nadeln von Gallen in Insektenkästen ist unsere empfohlene Aufbewahrungsmethode, obwohl die Fixierung auf Herbar-blättern für die Digitalisierung ideal ist und die Aufbewahrung in Umschlägen am platzsparendsten. Ein Verfahren zu Digitalisierung von Gallen wird beschrieben. Mit den Daten wurde eine Verbreitungskarte erstellt, die auf einseitige Sammelaktivitäten und das Vorhandensein wenig untersuchter Regionen hindeutet. Die systematische Aufarbeitung der Gallensammlung brachte für folgende Arten neue Nachweise aus Baden-Württemberg: Aulacidea hieracii (Bouché, 1834), Cynips agama Hartig, 1840, Diastrophus rubi (Bouché, 1834), Diplolepis nervosa (Curtis, 1838), Phanacis centaureae Förster, 1860, Xestophanes potentillae (Retzius in De Geer, 1783) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae); Euura pedunculi (Hartig, 1837) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae); Rabdophaga albipen","PeriodicalId":141328,"journal":{"name":"Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde A","volume":"232 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127582571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}