International Journal of Fatigue最新文献

{"title":"High cycle fatigue properties, failure mechanisms and microstructure evolution of 9Cr3W3Co steel under different stress ratios at 650 °C","authors":"Jianning Mai ,&nbsp;Fulin Liu ,&nbsp;Yao Chen ,&nbsp;Chao He ,&nbsp;Linsen Wang ,&nbsp;Zhengbin Zhong ,&nbsp;Wei Zhang ,&nbsp;Hong Zhang ,&nbsp;Chong Wang ,&nbsp;Qingyuan Wang ,&nbsp;Yongjie Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.108971","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.108971","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study investigates the high cycle fatigue properties, failure mechanisms, and microstructure evolution of 9Cr3W3Co steel at 650 °C under stress ratios R of 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5. S-N curves exhibit a continuous decline, with corresponding fatigue strengths at 10⁷ cycles of 116.6, 99.6 and 64.8 MPa for R of 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5, respectively. Surface or sub-surface crack initiation failure (SSCIF) is the only observed failure mode at R = 0.1, while necking induced failure (NIF) dominates at R = 0.5. At R = 0.3, both failure modes coexist. SSCIF mode is characterized by localized plastic deformation and fatigue damage accumulation, with crack propagation and facet formation influenced by the activation of slip systems with relatively high Schmid factors and the grain orientation and local deformation distribution of martensite structures. NIF mode is marked by widespread plastic deformation, void nucleation and coalescence, resulting in the rapid diminution of the effective load-bearing of specimens and ultimately leading to necking failure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14112,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fatigue","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 108971"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143815928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatigue crack growth rate investigation of cold rolled and aged Al-Mg-Zn alloy","authors":"Nidhi Chaubey,&nbsp;Nikhil Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.108968","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.108968","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research explored the fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) characteristics correlating with microstructure of Solution heat treated (SHT), SHT + peak aged (PA), SHT + 45 % cold rolled (CR), SHT + 60 % warm rolled (WR) and SHT + PA + 90 % CR Al-Mg-Zn alloy. The findings indicate that artificial aging and cold rolling process decelerate fatigue crack initiation because of precipitation hardening and work hardening as well as grain boundary strengthening, respectively. Utilizing the Paris model, fatigue crack growth rates during the linear extension stage were analyzed. Analysis of crack paths via scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques revealed ductile fracture(dimples) in case of SHT and SHT + 60 % WR sample, while ductile and brittle mix fracture (dimples and facets) in case of SHT + PA and SHT + 45 % CR sample, whereas brittle fracture (river pattern, facets) in case of SHT + PA + 90 % CR sample were observed. The broadening of precipitate peaks in the X-ray diffraction (XRD) graph of SHT + PA + 90 % CR indicates a rise in dislocation density which is 11.1 <span><math><mrow><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mn>14</mn></msup><msup><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>. The microstructural evolution is characterized using optical −microscopy, EBSD and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. Rod like shape η″ precipitates were observed in TEM images in the case of SHT + PA + 90 % CR sample. Through the partition of IPF image it was observed that higher volume fraction of recrystallized grains was formed in SHT + 60 % WR sample, whereas nano-meter to micrometer size sub grains were formed in the case of SHT + PA + 90 % CR sample. It was observed through orientation distribution function that SHT + 45 % CR is showing strong brass ({110} &lt; 112 &gt; ) texture, whereas SHT + 60 % WR sample is showing strong rotated cube({001} &lt; 110 &gt; ) texture, while 90 % CR sample is showing strong brass({110} &lt; 112 &gt; ), strong Cu({112} &lt; 111 &gt; ) and strong S({123} &lt; 634 &gt; ) texture. Mechanical properties are assessed through tensile, hardness, and fracture tests. The highest values for Vickers hardness (226 HV), tensile strength (526 MPa), and conditional elastic–plastic fracture toughness (J_Q) (344.54 kJ/m²) were obtained after SHT (470 °C) for a duration of 8 h), PA (140 °C for a duration of 21 h) and 90 % CR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14112,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fatigue","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 108968"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143783141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bond behavior of reinforced high-strength concrete under high-cycle fatigue pull-out loading","authors":"Marc Koschemann,&nbsp;Manfred Curbach,&nbsp;Steffen Marx","doi":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.108944","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.108944","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper experimental investigations of the bond behavior between high-strength concrete and steel reinforcement under static and cyclic loading are presented. The tests were mainly conducted with beam-end specimens and supplementary with classical pull-out samples. The experimental program included 67 quasi-static and 56 cyclic tests on two high-strength concretes and one normal strength concrete, whereby a very short bond length of twice the bar diameter was used. The results of the static tests showed a linear relationship between the bond strength and the concrete compressive strength for a pull-out failure. In the static beam-end tests, splitting cracks were generally observed resulting in a lower bond strength than that from the pull-out tests. Based on the static bond strengths, samples were exposed to cyclic loading with up to 20 million load cycles. In these tests, both the influence of the upper stress level and the loading frequency was investigated. In general, the number of load cycles until fatigue failure varied greatly despite almost the same stress range. The causes of the excessive scattering are discussed in particular in relation to existing S-N curves. With regard to the increase in slip under cyclic load, both the specimens with and without failure showed a clear dependence on the concrete compressive strength. Based on these results, a modified approach for the displacement factor is presented. Finally, the results are critically reviewed and recommendations for further investigations are given.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14112,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fatigue","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 108944"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of fatigue crack initiation after overloads with substructure-sensitive crystal plasticity","authors":"Shahram Dindarlou ,&nbsp;Gustavo M. Castelluccio","doi":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.108937","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.108937","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microstructure-sensitive fatigue initiation prognosis approaches typically assume uniform periodic loading and often overlook in-service overloads, which increase uncertainty and reduce life prediction accuracy. Similarly, certification efforts rarely evaluate experimentally the impact of different overloads due to the prohibitive costs. Therefore, predictive models that estimate overload effects on fatigue initiation damage without extensive experimental data are valuable to improve prognosis approaches. However, the literature lacks microstructure-sensitive approaches capable of assessing overload effects with models that simultaneously predict monotonic and cyclic responses without recalibration.</div><div>This work presents a novel strategy to predict the effects of overloads on early cyclic damage by evaluating the refinement dislocation structures. A substructure-based crystal plasticity approach relies on independent parameterizations from monotonic and cyclic loading to predict overload responses, without requiring additional experiments. The model agreement with macroscale experiments was further validated by comparing dominant mesoscale structures after overloads in single- and poly-crystals for metals and alloys. The analysis also identified overload-resistant crystal orientations and demonstrated that overloads increase the likelihood of initiating fatigue cracks in low apparent Schmid factor grains under low-amplitude fatigue. We conclude by discussing the value of material-invariant mesoscale parameters to rank overloads effect for materials and loading conditions for which no experiments are available.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14112,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fatigue","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 108937"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid crack healing and fatigue life extension in single-edge notched pure titanium via electropulsing treatment","authors":"Shengwei Zhang ,&nbsp;Howook Choi ,&nbsp;Jingyu Wang ,&nbsp;Zhijie Liu ,&nbsp;Heung Nam Han ,&nbsp;Sung-Tae Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.108967","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.108967","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the efficacy of electropulsing treatment (EPT) in healing a fatigue-induced crack and improving the fatigue resistance of a single-edge notched pure titanium specimen. Targeted fatigue cycles are applied to induce a pre-crack at the notch root. Then, an electric pulse with a density of 88 A/mm² and a duration of 0.4 s is applied to the fatigued specimen. The experiment demonstrates that EPT completely heals the fatigue-induced crack and extends the fatigue life of the specimen to the conditional fatigue limit greater than one million cycles from the original fatigue life around 55,000 cycles. Electric-thermal simulation and microstructure analysis show that the significant enhancement in fatigue life is predominantly driven by the formation of large compressive residual stress, generating due to the inhomogeneous thermal expansion and phase transformation-induced volume change at the notch region. Also, microstructure change during EPT weakens the texture strength and ultimately enhances the ductility of the notch root, further increasing fatigue life. The induced compressive residual stress and enhanced ductility at the notch root effectively inhibit crack initiation and propagation. This study confirms that EPT technique is effective to heal fatigue damage or to prolong the fatigue life of notched pure Ti component.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14112,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fatigue","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 108967"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatigue damage evolution and lifetime prediction of ferrite-cementite steel with combined plasticity","authors":"Manjiang Yu,&nbsp;Fangli Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.108969","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.108969","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rolling contact fatigue of rail steel caused by repeated contact stresses with the wheel needs to be clarified to ensure the safety of wheel-rail operation. The fatigue damage of rail steel studied from an experimental perspective provides a good phenomenon of its surface spalling in rail transportation, whereas the damage activity below the contact surface that triggers this failure phenomenon is difficult to observe. In this work, a combined plasticity model for ferrite with crystal plasticity and cementite with isotropic plasticity is proposed, which has been used to study the fatigue damage behavior of pearlitic rail steel. The results indicate that the subsurface crack propagation approximately parallel to the contact surface is the final link in the formation of the surface micropit. The downward expanding crack from the surface will meet up with the deeper internal cracks to produce macropit. As the sphericity of the grains increases from 0.145 to 0.2, the surface crack in the ferrite-cementite steel with the grain size of 50 μm extends all the way to the bottom of the upcoming macropit and lacks the micropit formation stage. In addition, the surface spalling associated with micropit connections can be delayed by increasing the cementite fraction. The presence of macropits destroys the surface integrity of rail steel, so it needs to be detected and addressed in a timely manner.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14112,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fatigue","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 108969"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probabilistic description of the cyclic R-curve based on microstructural barriers","authors":"Joona Vaara ,&nbsp;Kimmo Kärkkäinen ,&nbsp;Miikka Väntänen ,&nbsp;Jukka Kemppainen ,&nbsp;Bernd Schönbauer ,&nbsp;Suraj More ,&nbsp;Mari Å man ,&nbsp;Tero Frondelius","doi":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.108953","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.108953","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A model for the probabilistic cyclic R-curve has been derived. The model is based on the commonly used hypothesis of consecutive microstructural barrier fronts defining the erratic behavior of microstructurally short cracks and the transition to physically short cracks with declining importance of the microstructural features. The model can describe the linkage between the traditional cyclic R-curve analyses and the El-Haddad type Kitagawa-Takahashi diagrams with the asymptotic fatigue limit at small defect sizes. The model fit against the experimental non-propagating crack lengths perfectly matches the observed and predicted fatigue limit for several defect types and sizes. The presented framework can be used to analyze any geometry, loading history, or defect configuration, including defect interaction problems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14112,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fatigue","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 108953"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143777422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of white etching area damage based on machine learning model combined with crystal plasticity under rolling contact fatigue","authors":"Jun Wang ,&nbsp;Jinhua Chen ,&nbsp;Shuxin Li ,&nbsp;Yongcheng Lin ,&nbsp;Siyuan Lu ,&nbsp;Feng Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.108965","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.108965","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A machine learning model combined with crystal plasticity finite element method (CPFEM) was developed to predict the formation of butterfly white etching area (WEA) damage under rolling contact fatigue (RCF). Initially, RCF tests were conducted to generate butterfly-wing WEA. Following this, a CPFEM model based on phase-field constitutive theory was established for simulations. Subsequently, machine learning (ML) models were trained and evaluated using data obtained from experiments, literature, and CPFEM simulations. The XGBoost algorithm and SMOTE-NC algorithm were employed to address missing data and augment the dataset, respectively. The results showed that the ML model, combined with CPFEM, can successfully simulate the formation of butterfly WEA damage under different non-metallic inclusion parameters, such as shape, size, and depth. The simulation is in good agreement with experimental data, confirming the viability of using machine learning to predict WEA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14112,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fatigue","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 108965"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143833601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic effects of graphene nanoplatelets and carbon nanofibers on thermomechanical fatigue response of modified glass/epoxy composites","authors":"Jafar Amraei ,&nbsp;Tomasz Rogala ,&nbsp;Andrzej Katunin ,&nbsp;Izabela Barszczewska-Rybarek ,&nbsp;João M. Parente ,&nbsp;Paulo N.B. Reis","doi":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.108963","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.108963","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explored the synergistic role of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) on the thermomechanical fatigue performance of modified glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP). Three composite materials were investigated including unmodified GFRP, GFRP modified with GNPs (0.75 wt% GNPs), and GFRP modified with hybrid nano-reinforcements (0.375 + 0.375 wt% GNPs and CNFs). Their fatigue strengths were assessed using two thermography-based approaches (i.e. Δ<em>T</em>–<em>σ</em>, and <span><math><mrow><mover><mi>q</mi><mo>̇</mo></mover><mo>-</mo><mi>σ</mi></mrow></math></span>), with the minimum curvature radius (MCR) and maximum perpendicular distance (MPD) procedures individually incorporated into each approach. The results extracted from thermographic approaches highlighted the negative influence of GNPs on fatigue strength, while HNPs contributed to fatigue strength improvement. The <span><math><mrow><mi>S</mi><mo>-</mo><mi>N</mi></mrow></math></span> curves were constructed as a reference to assess the reliability of fatigue strengths derived from thermographic approaches. Unlike the MCR, incorporating MPD analysis into Δ<em>T</em>–<em>σ</em> and <span><math><mrow><mover><mi>q</mi><mo>̇</mo></mover><mo>-</mo><mi>σ</mi></mrow></math></span> approaches demonstrated good alignment with fatigue strength values derived from <span><math><mrow><mi>S</mi><mo>-</mo><mi>N</mi></mrow></math></span> curves. Nevertheless, the introduced MPD-based <span><math><mrow><mover><mi>q</mi><mo>̇</mo></mover><mo>-</mo><mi>σ</mi></mrow></math></span> approach provided a more reliable strategy for assessing the fatigue strengths of these composites. Moreover, the <span><math><mrow><mi>S</mi><mo>-</mo><mi>N</mi></mrow></math></span> curve analysis, supported by thermal responses and microscopic observations, illustrated that while GNPs enhanced the low-cycle fatigue performance, incorporating HNPs notably improved the life of modified GFRP composite across both low- and high-cycle regimes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14112,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fatigue","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 108963"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatigue crack growth in nickel-based alloy 247DS with side-brazed pre-sintered preform","authors":"Ashok Bhadeliya ,&nbsp;Birgit Rehmer ,&nbsp;Birgit Skrotzki ,&nbsp;Torsten Jokisch ,&nbsp;Jürgen Olbricht ,&nbsp;Bernard Fedelich","doi":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.108961","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.108961","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pre-sintered preform (PSP) brazing is employed in the repair of gas turbine components made of nickel-based alloys, including restoring the surface and dimensions of turbine blades and vanes. This study investigates the fatigue crack growth (FCG) behavior of Alloy 247DS specimens with side-brazed PSP material, mimicking a typical sandwich structure formed during such repairs. FCG tests were conducted at an elevated temperature of 950 °C and a stress ratio (<em>R</em>) of 0.1 on specimens with PSP layer thicknesses of 1.5 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, and 4.5 mm to assess the influence of PSP thickness on fatigue crack growth behavior. Fractographic and metallographic analyses were performed to elucidate the underlying crack growth mechanisms and the microstructural characteristics of both materials. The results revealed that a crack consistently initiated in the PSP material, originating from the starter notch, particularly at the specimen corner during the pre-cracking phase. Additionally, crack propagation in the PSP material consistently advanced ahead of the crack in the Alloy 247DS. This crack growth behavior is attributed to the difference in elastic properties and microstructural differences between the PSP and base material. Metallographic analysis revealed the presence of porosity and brittle precipitates within the PSP material, which led to faster intergranular crack growth. Conversely, Alloy 247DS exhibited transgranular crack growth, contributing to the observed crack propagation behavior. This study demonstrates the applicability of standard FCG testing methods and an approach to characterize the FCG behavior in sandwich specimens, where crack growth occurs simultaneously in both materials, providing a preliminary understanding of crack growth behavior in Alloy 247DS with side-brazed PSP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14112,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fatigue","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 108961"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}