Hitoshi Soyama , Daniel G. Sanders , Conall Wisdom , Dwayne Arola , Mamidala Ramulu
{"title":"Effects of the stress concentration factor and residual stress on the improvement in the fatigue properties of powder-bed-fused Ti6Al4V via cavitation abrasive surface finishing","authors":"Hitoshi Soyama , Daniel G. Sanders , Conall Wisdom , Dwayne Arola , Mamidala Ramulu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.109285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.109285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Additively manufactured metals, such as powder-bed-fused titanium alloy (PBF/Ti6Al4V), are promising materials; however, their fatigue strength is only half that of wrought metals, which limits their practical applications. In the as-built condition, their low fatigue strength is caused by the high surface roughness due to the partially melted particles remaining on the material surface after PBF, surface defects and internal or near-surface defects. In this study, PBF/Ti6Al4V was treated by cavitation abrasive surface finishing (CASF) post-processing to improve the fatigue strength. Results were compared with those of grinding. During CASF, abrasive impacts removed the surface defects and promoted smoothing, and cavitation impacts introduced compressive residual stress. The fatigue properties were evaluated using a plane bending fatigue test. The fatigue strength of the as-built PBF/Ti6Al4V at 10<sup>7</sup> cycles was improved via CASF by up to 65 %. To quantitatively determine the effects of surface smoothing on the improvement in the fatigue properties via post-processing, the effective stress concentration factor was estimated using the surface roughness and profile valley radii. Additionally, the residual stress was determined using X-ray diffraction. The results revealed that the stress concentration factor and compressive residual stress are the key parameters to improve the fatigue strength of as-built PBF/Ti6Al4V.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14112,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fatigue","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 109285"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhancement of mechanical properties and fatigue performance of pure copper through GP and TaC reinforcements in metal matrix composites","authors":"Karthick Ganesan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.109282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.109282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pure copper (Cu) and its composites are widely utilized in electrical, thermal, and structural applications due to their high conductivity and mechanical properties. However, improving fatigue resistance is essential for their long-term reliability. This study examines the low-cycle fatigue (LCF) and fatigue crack growth behavior of pure Cu, and a Cu-based metal matrix composite (MMC) reinforced with graphite (GP) and tantalum carbide (TaC). The Cu-GP-TaC MMC was fabricated by stir casting with a composition of 80% Cu, 10 % GP, and 10 % TaC by volume. Comparative mechanical assessments, including tensile testing, LCF analysis, and fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) evaluation, reveal superior fatigue performance of the composite. EBSD characterization further confirms significant grain refinement, weakened texture intensity, and a predominance of high-angle grain boundaries (15°–65°) in the composite compared with pure Cu, all of which contribute to improved strength and fatigue resistance. The Cu-GP-TaC MMC exhibits higher tensile strength, enhanced strain life, and improved fatigue resistance across strain amplitudes (0.6 %–1.2 %) compared to pure Cu. S-N curve analysis indicates increased fatigue life and superior cyclic stress distribution. The composite also demonstrates greater strain hardening and higher plastic strain energy density at half-life cycles, contributing to an extended transition life. FCGR analysis confirms enhanced resistance to crack propagation under cyclic loading. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) fractography reveals reduced crack initiation and propagation, attributed to the reinforcement’s strengthening effect. These findings highlight the Cu-GP-TaC MMC’s potential for high-performance structural applications, fatigue-resistant electrical contacts, and thermal management systems requiring enhanced mechanical reliability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14112,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fatigue","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 109282"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145047313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chipeng Zhang , Wei Li , Shunpeng Zhu , Shengnan Hu , Dapeng Jiang , Jian Chen , Guowei Bo
{"title":"BEiT deep learning-aided investigation on the creep-fatigue fracture mechanisms of variously heat-treated FB2 steel","authors":"Chipeng Zhang , Wei Li , Shunpeng Zhu , Shengnan Hu , Dapeng Jiang , Jian Chen , Guowei Bo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.109281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.109281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The service life of FB2 steel, a boron-modified 9 % Cr martensitic stainless steel for high-temperature applications, is predominantly governed by its creep-fatigue resistance. Therefore, the stress-controlled cycling loading tests with different dwell time (5, 15, 30 s) at 620 ℃ were employed to study the creep-fatigue behavior of FB2 steel. Meanwhile, two martensitic lath widths of 286 nm (H-FB2 steel) and 568 nm (L-FB2 steel) were tailored for FB2 steel by different heat treatment. Both FB2 variants exhibited pronounced cyclic softening behavior. However, H-FB2 steel showed significantly lower performance than L-FB2 steel, with the latter exhibiting a 64.7 % greater elongation and superior creep-fatigue life improvements of 21.9 %, 14.2 %, and 8.5 % at holding durations of 5 s, 15 s, and 30 s respectively. Further, the BEiT deep learning method achieved an accuracy of 94.4 % for fractographic analysis, by which the fracture mode was identified as brittle and ductile fracture for H-FB2 and L-FB2 steel, respectively. This difference is attributed to the lower initial dislocation density and fine spherical carbides (M<sub>23</sub>C<sub>6</sub> and MX types) in L-FB2 steel, which could accommodate more dislocation and restrict dislocation movement at martensite lath boundaries. This effectively delays both crack initiation and propagation processes, and consequently improves the creep-fatigue resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14112,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fatigue","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 109281"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145047311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Deformation behavior and failure mechanism during in-phase and out-of-phase thermomechanical fatigue in directionally solidified CM247LC superalloy","authors":"Ranjeet Kumar , Subhrajit Patnaik , Bhagyaraj Jayabalan , Subrata Mukherjee , Ede Hari Krishna , Dibyendu Chatterjee , Kartik Prasad , Sumantra Mandal","doi":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.109274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.109274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work investigates thermomechanical fatigue (TMF) behavior in directionally solidified CM247LC superalloy at the strain amplitude of ± 0.5 % and ± 0.8 % under in-phase (IP) and out-of-phase (OP) conditions in the temperature interval of 573 K ↔ 1143 K. TMF test results reveal that fatigue life significantly reduces under IP condition due to accumulation of greater strain localization attributed to synergistic effect of creep-fatigue-oxidation damage, especially at high strain amplitude. Conversely, under OP condition, fatigue life degrades due to oxidation-fatigue damage and formation of micro-twins, specifically at high strain amplitude. The alloy exhibits hardening followed by softening behavior under IP condition, whereas it shows continuous hardening under OP condition. Initial hardening in all the TMF conditions is associated with dislocation–dislocation and dislocation-precipitate interactions. The softening phenomena under IP condition is attributed to shearing of γ′ precipitates by stacking faults and anti-phase boundary, whereas the hardening phenomena under OP condition is associated with micro-twins, especially at high strain amplitude. Commonly, strain accumulation is found near the MC carbides in all conditions. Fractography analysis substantiates this fact and shows micro-cracks near MC carbides. Additionally, fractography analysis reveals oxide spike under OP condition, where strain localization is significantly high, as evidenced by electron backscatter diffraction analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14112,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fatigue","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 109274"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145047314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A dual boundary element method-based framework for prediction of fatigue crack growth in layered and graded halfspaces","authors":"Sha Xiao, Yuan-Zuo Wang, Xiu-Li Du","doi":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.109275","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.109275","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A dual boundary element method (DBEM)-based framework for predicting fatigue crack growth in layered and graded halfspaces is established in this study. The framework integrates automated mesh generation, a DBEM-based solver for the crack-tip stress intensity factor (SIF), and the crack growth prediction. This integrated system automates the entire analysis workflow of the fatigue crack growth in layered and graded halfspaces, eliminating the need for laborious manual modeling and significantly enhancing computational efficiency. The validity of the proposed framework is verified using benchmark cases of a penny-shaped crack embedded within a layered halfspace subjected to internal pressure and far-field uniform tensile stress on the external boundary surface. Regarding cyclic load distribution, the analytical methodology is applicable to fatigue crack growth driven by both externally applied tensile stress (on the external boundary surface) and internal pressure (on the crack faces). In terms of crack location classification, the method is suitable for analyzing cracks situated at the interface between dissimilar materials within a halfspace and cracks distributed within layered and graded halfspaces. Furthermore, the framework enables the systematic investigation of the influence of critical factors such as the loading protocol, the elastic modulus gradient of the graded material, and the initial crack shape on crack growth behavior. According to results of parametric analyses, the SIF at the tip of interfacial cracks within the functionally graded materials (FGMs) can be effectively reduced by strategically tailoring the elastic modulus gradient distribution. Subsequently, this reduction in SIF directly enhances the fatigue life of FGMs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14112,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fatigue","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 109275"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145045490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An engineering-applicable stress-life model for dovetail joints incorporating leading-edge stress gradient and micro-slip effects","authors":"Tianxing Chai, Dasheng Wei, Xiyuan Zhang, Xiang Liu, Xinyu Pu, Shun Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.109271","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.109271","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focuses on TC4 titanium alloy dovetail joints and proposes a life assessment method that incorporates both stress gradient and fretting slip effects. The research begins with the design of specialized fretting fatigue test specimens to investigate the coupled phenomena of fretting fatigue and wear. Numerical simulations based on the dovetail contact configuration are then conducted to thoroughly analyze the stress distribution characteristics and their dynamic variations at the contact leading edge. To address the unique stress distribution features at the contact leading edge, the study develops a simplified method for rapid determination of the critical distance with gradient modification. This leads to the establishment of a stress-life model that simultaneously considers both the stress gradient and micro-slip amplitude at the contact leading edge. In addition, compared with the elastoplastic analysis, this life prediction model also has good accuracy under pure elastic finite element analysis, which is very convenient for engineering application. The proposed model demonstrates several advantages, including minimal fitting parameters, clear physical interpretation of fretting damage parameters, and improved prediction accuracy. Experimental validation shows that 90% of the predicted results fall within a 1.5x scatter band, significantly enhancing the accuracy of fretting fatigue life prediction and engineering applicability for dovetail joints.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14112,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fatigue","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 109271"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145047310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rotary ultrasonic rolling chamfer: impact on surface integrity and fatigue performance of load-bearing holes","authors":"Shulong Feng , Pingfa Feng , Feng Feng , Honglin Zheng , Jianfu Zhang , Xiangyu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.109269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.109269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fatigue failure of load-bearing holes under high-frequency cyclic loading remains a critical challenge in mechanical systems due to geometric stress concentration. This study proposes a novel rotary ultrasonic rolling chamfer (RURC) process to improve the fatigue performance of load-bearing holes. A simulation model, developed based on the kinematic and force analysis of the RURC process, was employed to predict residual stress distributions and optimize static force parameters. Finally, fatigue experiments were conducted to assess the effectiveness of the RURC process. The simulation results of surface residual stress showed good agreement with experimental data, with a maximum deviation of 7.9 %. An appropriate increase in static force can effectively enhance the compressive residual stress at the chamfer surface, although it may also intensify local stress concentration. The RURC process significantly improves fatigue resistance by inducing beneficial compressive residual stress, refining the grain structure, increasing microhardness, and reducing surface roughness, with residual stress playing a critical role. Under optimized conditions (375 N static force), a surface compressive residual stress of 250 MPa was achieved. Fatigue life increased by 57 % under a maximum cyclic stress of 340 MPa and by 107 % under 220 MPa. These findings demonstrate that the RURC process has strong potential as an effective method for further enhancing fatigue performance in load-bearing holes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14112,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fatigue","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 109269"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145045488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of tool pre-heating on the fatigue behavior of lubricant-free additive friction stir deposition repairs of AA7050 aircraft fastener holes","authors":"I.Y. Hidalgo , V.A. Rojas , N.I. Palya , N. Zhu , L.N. Brewer , G.W. Kubacki , P.G. Allison , J.B. Jordon","doi":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.109272","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.109272","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study demonstrates the successful repair of fastener holes in AA7050-T7451 plates using twin-rod additive friction stir deposition (TR-AFSD), a solid-state additive manufacturing technology. Oversized holes surrounded by blend-out regions, simulating the removal of corrosion-damaged areas that are commonly found around fastener holes, were repaired via TR-AFSD using the same AA7050 feedstock materials without any pre-sprayed graphite lubricant. Two repair strategies were evaluated: Repair Methodology A (RM-A), where the tool directly engages the substrate, and Repair Methodology B (RM-B), which incorporates a preheating dwell on a sacrificial plate to enable instantaneous material flow upon deposition. RM-B reached the peak axial forge force (26.16 kN) faster than RM-A, thereby enhancing volumetric filling and densification. Optical and electron microscopy revealed defect-free, metallurgically bonded interfaces, while cross-sectional hardness profiles showed no significant differences between the two repair methodologies. Under tension–tension (R = 0.1) fatigue loading at a 25 MPa constant stress amplitude, samples repaired with RM-B achieved an average fatigue life of 27,918 ± 2,817 cycles, compared to 24,800 ± 1,766 cycles for unrepaired, oversized controls. These results highlight the novelty and effectiveness of TR-AFSD in restoring structural integrity and improving fatigue resistance in aerospace-grade aluminum components.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14112,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fatigue","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 109272"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145061257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiageng Jin , Yuanna Xu , Peng Wang , Qing Wang , Guangyao Li , Junjia Cui , Hao Jiang
{"title":"Fatigue evolution behavior of flat electromagnetic self-pierce riveted CFRP/aluminum structures","authors":"Jiageng Jin , Yuanna Xu , Peng Wang , Qing Wang , Guangyao Li , Junjia Cui , Hao Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.109261","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.109261","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flat electromagnetic self-pierce riveting (FE-SPR) can connect carbon fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRP) and aluminum alloys with low damage and high efficiency in the automobile field. However, the lack of quantitative understanding of the fatigue performance of FE-SPR joints and the evolution of CFRP damage is hindering their engineering application. Therefore, the optimal process parameter, and the corresponding joint fatigue crack propagation, CFRP damage, and joint fatigue evolution are systematically investigated. The results showed that the optimal performance was achieved with the discharge voltage of 300 V, resulting in CFRP damage areas of 8.73 mm<sup>2</sup> and a peak load of 6.28 kN. Three fatigue failure modes were achieved: complete fracture of the aluminum plate; local tearing of the aluminum plate; and tensile shear failure. The fracture of the aluminum plate for the low load level was attributed to fretting on the faying surface between the rivet and aluminum plate. This caused stress concentration, leading to crack initiation and propagation, resulting in eventual fracture. The ultrasonic nondestructive testing was conducted to evaluate the area of the CFRP damage under different fatigue life. It was found that, when the rivet leg was partially pulled out, the areas of CFRP damage increased slightly during the stage of stable cycle loading. Instead, it was more the initiation and propagation of cracks inside the aluminum plate. This result can provide a reference for practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14112,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fatigue","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 109261"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145020500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparison of methods for the determination of fatigue critical flaw size and implementation for probabilistic fatigue assessment","authors":"Lorenzo Rusnati , Giuliano Minerva , Luca Patriarca , Stefano Miccoli , Stefano Beretta","doi":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.109252","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.109252","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The correct evaluation of the impact of defects in the structural integrity of metal additively manufactured components is a necessary step to be addressed for the broader adoption of the additive manufacturing technology. The effect of flaws on fatigue strength of materials can be evaluated through different theoretical approaches, among which fracture mechanics-based theory was successfully applied in several applications. However, each method presents notable differences which alter the life estimates of parts. Therefore, in this work, the authors compare the fatigue life predicted by four different methods against results from a wide fatigue test campaign on Ti-6Al-4V specimens in different conditions. Then, critical defect size curves, identifying the stress–defect–life relation from each of the analysed model, are established and critically evaluated. Finally, the fatigue strength model based on explicit crack growth analysis, which is the standard assessment method for fracture control, is implemented in ProFACE software. This allows to determine the critical initial flaw size in probabilistic fatigue analyses of components, addressing different geometries and materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14112,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fatigue","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 109252"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145027152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}