B.S. Gong , Z.J. Zhang , H.W. Wang , R. Liu , H.Z. Liu , H. Wang , G. Purcek , M. Demirtas , H. Yanar , Z.F. Zhang
{"title":"A novel surface strengthening technique for enhancing fatigue properties of 6061 Al alloy","authors":"B.S. Gong , Z.J. Zhang , H.W. Wang , R. Liu , H.Z. Liu , H. Wang , G. Purcek , M. Demirtas , H. Yanar , Z.F. Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.109000","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.109000","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new surface spinning rolling (SR) strengthening technique was developed to enhance the fatigue properties of 6061 Al alloy. The traditional shot peening (SP) process can strengthen the sample’s surface, but it increases surface damage, which seriously hinders the improvement of fatigue performance. However, the SR process not only introduces a high residual compressive stress and a hardened layer on the sample surface but also remarkably lowers the surface roughness. Moreover, the SR treatment formed a gradient microstructure on the surface layer of 6061 Al alloy, effectively postponing the initiation and propagation of fatigue cracks. Fatigue experiments demonstrate that after SR treatment, the fatigue strength of 6061 Al alloy increases by 17.9 %, from 223 MPa to 263 MPa. This study demonstrates the significant advantages by the SR process in producing high fatigue-resistant Al alloy components.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14112,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fatigue","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109000"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Herwig Mayer , Michael Fitzka , Harald Rennhofer , Helga C. Lichtenegger , Stefano Checchia , Florian Rödl , Jan Becker , Frederic Lauer
{"title":"Ultrasonic fatigue of cast aluminium under cyclic compression and of superelastic Nitinol in the synchrotron","authors":"Herwig Mayer , Michael Fitzka , Harald Rennhofer , Helga C. Lichtenegger , Stefano Checchia , Florian Rödl , Jan Becker , Frederic Lauer","doi":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.109009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.109009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ultrasonic fatigue testing is used for the first time to study the very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) properties of cast aluminium AlSi8Cu3–T6 under purely cyclic compression loading (load ratio <em>R</em> = –∞). Formation of numerous shear cracks and disruption of large material volumes caused failures under cyclic compression, whereas casting porosities were preferential sources of cracks leading to early failures at load ratios <em>R</em> = –1 and <em>R</em> = 0. The Goodman straight line approximation well predicts the mean stress sensitivity for cyclic tension, whereas the FKM guideline overestimates it for cyclic tension as well as cyclic compression.</div><div>In–situ ultrasonic fatigue tests in the synchrotron have been performed with superelastic Nitinol. Specimens were subjected to a preloading procedure which led to a multiphase austenitic − martensitic condition. Lattice deformation over an ultrasonic cycle as well as under quasi static condition confirmed similar elastic deformation at 0.1 Hz and 18.3 kHz. Progress of fatigue damage with increasing numbers of ultrasonic cycles was observed in–situ with XRD patterns from the multiphase area. Formation and growth of austenitic bands in formerly martensitic areas was found that led to a progressively increasing specimen stiffness and an increase of stresses in displacement-controlled ultrasonic fatigue tests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14112,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fatigue","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109009"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143886138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mariela Mendez-Morales , Joel S. Jesus , Ricardo Branco , Trayana Tankova , Carlos Rebelo
{"title":"Fatigue crack growth of untreated and heat-treated WAAM ER70S-6 carbon steel","authors":"Mariela Mendez-Morales , Joel S. Jesus , Ricardo Branco , Trayana Tankova , Carlos Rebelo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.109008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.109008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper addresses the fatigue crack growth behaviour of untreated and heat-treated WAAM ER70S-6 carbon steel. Specimens were extracted from the printed wall along different directions (vertical and horizontal) and tested under mode-I loading at two stress ratios (<span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.05</mn></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.25</mn></mrow></math></span>). Crack closure was measured using Digital Image Correlation (DIC). The microstructure of the untreated material mainly consisted of polygonal ferrite and intergranular lamellar pearlite. After heat treatment, pearlite decomposed, allowing ferrite to grow and reducing hardness. The load ratio influenced fatigue crack growth rates due to variations in crack closure levels. However, the loading direction relative to the print layer orientation did not significantly affect the crack growth rate. Fracture surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy to identify the main fatigue crack growth mechanisms associated with the different loading orientations and material conditions. Fractographic analysis revealed a mixed fracture mechanism, characterised by cleavage in the harder pearlite-rich regions and fatigue crack propagation striations in the softer ferrite-dominant areas. Minor manufacturing defects, such as inclusions and porosity, were also observed. The tested WAAM carbon steel exhibited slightly lower performance than conventional steels of a similar grade, aligning closely with the existing literature for WAAM ER70S-6 carbon steel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14112,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fatigue","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109008"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cheng Zhong , Peng Liu , Bin Li , Xiaodi Wang , Alex A. Volinsky , Xuechong Ren
{"title":"Enhanced fatigue performance of high-speed laser direct energy deposition Inconel 625 coatings on 34CrNiMo steel using ultrasonic rolling","authors":"Cheng Zhong , Peng Liu , Bin Li , Xiaodi Wang , Alex A. Volinsky , Xuechong Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.109007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.109007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The limited corrosion resistance of 34CrNiMo steel restricts its use in chloride-rich environments. To address this, an Inconel 625 alloy coating was deposited on 34CrNiMo steel using high-speed laser direct energy deposition, providing excellent resistance to chloride-induced corrosion. However, the fatigue strength of the coated specimen decreased by 100 MPa compared to bare 34CrNiMo steel. Stress-relieving annealing increased the fatigue strength by 25 MPa but reduced the ultimate tensile strength by 302 MPa. In contrast, surface ultrasonic rolling treatment improved both the ultimate tensile strength and fatigue strength, achieving levels comparable to bare 34CrNiMo steel. This improvement is due to residual compressive stress from ultrasonic rolling and the shifting of fatigue initiation from the coating to the substrate. Corrosion fatigue testing in a 3.5 % NaCl solution showed that ultrasonic-rolled coated specimens had a corrosion fatigue strength 200 MPa higher than bare 34CrNiMo steel, demonstrating the effectiveness of ultrasonic rolling and the Inconel 625 coating in enhancing the fatigue and corrosion fatigue performance of 34CrNiMo steel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14112,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fatigue","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109007"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A phase field model for spalling failure due to rolling contact fatigue","authors":"Zheng Zhang , Gan-Yun Huang , Fei Shen , Liao-Liang Ke","doi":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.109006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.109006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A phase field model coupling plasticity and fatigue is developed to investigate spalling behavior under rolling contact fatigue (RCF) loading. Fatigue crack nucleation, propagation, and bifurcation can be effectively predicted using the phase field model based on theories of energy minimization. A numerical framework is established by using the finite element method with an explicit integration scheme. The subsurface initiated spalling, the crack evolution, and the RCF lifetime are analyzed. The spalling patterns and the evolution of contact pressure and shear stress are revealed, along with the influence of fracture toughness and the microvoids on RCF behavior. The results indicate that materials with higher fracture toughness yield longer RCF lifetime. Additionally, microvoids near the subsurface region of high stress significantly reduce the material’s RCF lifetime due to localized stress concentration. The results may provide insights into the mechanisms of subsurface spalling failure, offering a reliable numerical framework for predicting RCF performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14112,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fatigue","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109006"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sabrina Vantadori, Francesco Iacoviello, Andrea Carpinteri
{"title":"Preface to the special issue: “Fatigue Crack Paths 2024” after CP2024","authors":"Sabrina Vantadori, Francesco Iacoviello, Andrea Carpinteri","doi":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.108998","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.108998","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14112,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fatigue","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 108998"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143853632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yu-ming Ye , Wei-qing Huang , Dong-wei Li , Hui-hua Feng , Xiao-guang Yang , Yong-sheng Fan , Shuang-qi Lyu , Shi-wei Han
{"title":"Study of LSTM-based constitutive modeling for coupled multimodal microstructure time-series damage in DZ125 superalloy","authors":"Yu-ming Ye , Wei-qing Huang , Dong-wei Li , Hui-hua Feng , Xiao-guang Yang , Yong-sheng Fan , Shuang-qi Lyu , Shi-wei Han","doi":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.109002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.109002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel modeling method for DZ125 superalloy has been proposed, integrating a long short-term memory (LSTM) network into the Chaboche unified viscoplasticity constitutive model. Initially, the modified Chaboche constitutive model, incorporating the multimodal microstructure coupled with time-series damage, was developed and implemented using the UMAT subroutine in ABAQUS. Subsequently, damage parameters were determined based on the extraction of three microstructural features, enabling the establishment of an LSTM network for predicting the damage variable, which was then embedded into the UMAT subroutine. Finally, the comparative analysis indicated that the LSTM model achieved nearly the highest prediction accuracy and shortest calculation time, while the UMAT-LSTM model uniquely enabled the prediction of mechanical behavior responses at any given service time. The UMAT-LSTM model developed in this study achieved cross-platform integration, effectively combining the embedded LSTM network’s data-driven learning capability with the constitutive model’s physical mechanism. This approach provides a cost-effective and time-efficient nondestructive solution for predicting the mechanical properties of hot section components.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14112,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fatigue","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109002"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fatigue response and AE characteristics of soft and hard composite rock containing coplanar double joints","authors":"Zeyue Wang, Su Li, Hang Lin, Yifan Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.108994","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.108994","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Jointed soft-hard composite rock masses are commonly encountered in engineering rock formations. The excavation-induced can lead to incompatible deformations between joints and soft-hard layers, resulting in more complex failure mechanisms compared to those under static loading. It is necessary to monitor rock micro-fracture events in real time during excavation to obtain the precursor information of rock instability. Therefore, this study conducted uniaxial compression, cyclic loading tests, and acoustic emission monitoring utilising coplanar double-jointed soft-hard composite rock masses. The fatigue characteristics of coplanar double-jointed soft-hard composite rocks were analyzed from the perspectives of strength, deformation, energy, and damage. The timing characteristics of tensile and shear signals for specimens with various joint inclinations were analyzed employing acoustic emission (AE) technology. Additionally, an early warning mechanism for rock instability based on AE multi-parameters was proposed. The results reveal that the fatigue life and limit energy storage coefficient are the lowest for the specimen with a 45° joint inclination. However, the minimum values of failure stress and failure strain occur in the specimen with a 30° inclination. During the fatigue tests, the energy density of the specimens increases in a stepwise way with the number of cycles. In addition, there is a quadratic polynomial relationship between each energy density and the upper stress limit. The realtime tensile signals of specimens exceed 60% at each stage of cyclic loading. By analyzing the variance and autocorrelation coefficient of AE parameters, it is revealed that the precursor points of failure extracted from the variance curves of peak frequency and signal intensity are closest to the final failure point.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14112,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fatigue","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 108994"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143833602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aihua Yu , Qingjun Zhou , Yu Pan , Fucheng Wan , Fan Kuang , Xin Lu
{"title":"Hybrid clustering-enhanced interpretable machine learning for fatigue life prediction across various cyclic stages in laser powder bed fused Ti-6Al-4V alloy","authors":"Aihua Yu , Qingjun Zhou , Yu Pan , Fucheng Wan , Fan Kuang , Xin Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.108995","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.108995","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Predicting the fatigue life of parts fabricated by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is essential for assessing their durability and reliability in mission-critical load-bearing structures. Herein, we propose a novel machine learning (ML) strategy for predicting fatigue life of LPBF parts. It combines three-stage feature screening, data augmentation, a hybrid clustering integrated regression model (H-CIRM) and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method. The optimal number of clusters is 3, and tailored models for each cluster are gradient boosting decision trees (coefficient of determination, <em>R<sup>2</sup></em> = 0.951), random forest (<em>R<sup>2</sup></em> = 0.930) and extreme gradient boosting (<em>R<sup>2</sup></em> = 0.877), respectively. H-CIRM outperforms separate models across various cyclic stages, achieving an overall increase of over 4 % in <em>R<sup>2</sup></em> and a 22 % decrease in mean absolute error (<em>MAE</em>). The relative error is within ± 10 % on an additional experimental dataset. This strategic clustering effectively improves predicted accuracy for each cluster, markedly enhancing overall predictive. SHAP elucidates that stress amplitude (<em>σ<sub>a</sub></em>) and the complex interactions between density (<em>ρ</em>), laser volume energy density (<em>E<sub>V</sub></em>), and <em>σ<sub>a</sub></em> are the top three factors affecting fatigue life, with a relative importance greater than 20 %. This work develops a robust model for estimating fatigue life of LPBF parts and provides valuable insights into optimizing process parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14112,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fatigue","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 108995"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143833599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yan Yin , Yibo Shang , Weifeng He , Chen Wang , Liucheng Zhou
{"title":"Improving the fretting fatigue properties of Ti-6Al-4V dovetail joint treated by laser shock peening and shot peening","authors":"Yan Yin , Yibo Shang , Weifeng He , Chen Wang , Liucheng Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.108996","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.108996","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ti-6Al-4V is widely used in aero-engine compressor blades, but its low fretting fatigue resistance makes integrity challenging. Compound treatment has been recognized as a future technology with enhanced mechanical properties. However, these attempts were limited to low-cycle fatigue. The beneficial fretting fatigue performance enhancements through compound strengthening are still prominent. This study investigates the effect of laser shock peening (LSP) and shock peening (SP) compound treatment on fretting fatigue. The experiment results show a large residual stress near the contact surface. Larger depths of surface grain refinement have also been found. Hence, the LSP + SP had the better-strengthened effect (4.57 times) on fretting fatigue life as compared with single LSP (3.94 times) or SP (2.87 times) treatment. The results reveal that LSP + SP can affect the location and number of crack initiation sites, thereby increasing the initiation life. The large depth distribution of residual stresses and the multiaxial stresses induced by fretting fatigue can mitigate stress concentration. The retardation of crack propagation by LSP + SP was also revealed by statistical analysis of fatigue striation spacing. This work provides valuable insights into the development of a strengthening process for compressor blades against fretting fatigue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14112,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fatigue","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 108996"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143833600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}