International journal of food microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of Escherichia coli as an indicator of antimicrobial resistance and monitoring of ESBL/AmpC-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in retail seafood commonly consumed in Italy","authors":"Francesca Leoni ,&nbsp;Silvia Pieralisi ,&nbsp;Elisa Albini ,&nbsp;Francesca Romana Massacci ,&nbsp;Gabriele Angelico ,&nbsp;Serenella Orsini ,&nbsp;Carmen Maresca ,&nbsp;Eleonora Scoccia ,&nbsp;Valeria Michelacci ,&nbsp;Paola Chiani ,&nbsp;Manuela Marra ,&nbsp;Maria Carollo ,&nbsp;Francesca Barchiesi ,&nbsp;Chiara Francesca Magistrali","doi":"10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2026.111650","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2026.111650","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study assessed <em>Escherichia coli</em> as an indicator of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in retail seafood, integrating microbiological and genomic analyses within a One Health perspective. Overall, <em>E. coli</em> was cultured from 55 (13%) of 422 raw samples from seven seafood categories commonly consumed in Italy. <em>E. coli</em> was detected across multiple seafood types, but particularly in bivalves (23%) and crustaceans (20%). Because these species can accumulate or acquire faecal contaminants from the aquatic environment or along the post-harvest chain, they represent relevant matrices for AMR monitoring. In parallel, we investigated the presence of Extended-β-Lactamase ESBL-, AmpC- and carbapenemase-producing <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em>. Cefotaxime-resistant <em>E. coli</em> isolates were identified at low but relevant frequencies, especially in bivalves, and were characterised phenotypically and by whole-genome sequencing. Most isolates carried clinically important ESBL or AmpC genes, more frequently <em>bla</em>_CTX-M-15, often on contigs predicted as plasmid-associated, indicating their potential for horizontal spread. An ESBL-producing <em>Atlantibacter hermannii</em> harbouring <em>bla</em>_CTX-M-55 was also recovered from frozen shrimps. Additional AmpC-producing <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em>, including <em>Citrobacter</em> and <em>Enterobacte</em>r species, were detected in a subset of samples.</div><div>Overall, our findings support the suitability of <em>E. coli</em> as an AMR indicator organism for retail bivalves and crustaceans. The detection of ESBL-producing strains, carrying important plasmid-borne resistance determinants, highlights the need to strengthen AMR surveillance in these seafood commodities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14095,"journal":{"name":"International journal of food microbiology","volume":"450 ","pages":"Article 111650"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The global APSES transcription factor PeStuA modulates growth, development, stress response, hydrophobicity, patulin biosynthesis and pathogenicity in Penicillium expansum","authors":"Yanling Wang,&nbsp;Yurui Wu,&nbsp;Qianrun Liang,&nbsp;Xin Chen,&nbsp;Jinfen Zhu,&nbsp;Wei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2026.111652","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2026.111652","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Penicillium expansum</em>, a destructive postharvest pathogen responsible for blue mold decay and produces the mycotoxin patulin, leading to considerable economic and food safety concerns. The APSES transcription factors are essential regulators in fungi, but their functions are not well understood in <em>P. expansum</em>. Here, we screened five members of the APSES family in <em>P. expansum</em>. Combining these findings with previous studies, only <em>PEX2_045870</em> exhibited relatively stable and high expression during early infection stages. We constructed knockout and complementation strains of this gene and analyzed their phenotypes to investigate the role of <em>PeStuA</em> in <em>P. expansum</em>. <em>PeStuA</em> deletion severely inhibited growth (28.91% reduction in colony diameter), spore formation ability and hydrophobicity. And Δ<em>PeStuA</em> mutant exhibited markedly heightened sensitivity to osmotic stress (NaCl/KCl) and cell wall integrity stress (SDS/CR), with a 50% inhibition rate under cell wall stress. Pathogenicity test on apple showed reduction in diameter by 49.18% and fruit softening. Crucially, Δ<em>PeStuA</em> showed complete loss of patulin production (HPLC-UV quantification), accompanied by downregulation of patulin biosynthetic genes. RNA-seq analysis revealed 1826 significantly differently expressed genes in Δ<em>PeStuA</em>, including carbon metabolism, spore formation, MAPK signaling pathways, cell wall degradation enzymes and secondary metabolism in <em>P. expansum</em>. Collectively, this work aims to elucidate <em>PeStuA</em> acts as a central regulatory factor that coordinates growth, stress responses, hydrophobicity, pathogenicity and secondary metabolism in <em>P. expansum</em>. These findings provide novel insights and potential targets for post-harvest disease control strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14095,"journal":{"name":"International journal of food microbiology","volume":"450 ","pages":"Article 111652"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological and genomic insights into the salt tolerance mechanisms of three Staphylococcus strains isolated from moromi","authors":"Yuqi Xue ,&nbsp;Xingbiao Gao ,&nbsp;Qineng Liu ,&nbsp;Nana Fang ,&nbsp;Dong Peng ,&nbsp;Xuewei Jiang ,&nbsp;Chunxiang Song","doi":"10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2025.111621","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2025.111621","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Staphylococcus</em> spp. a salt-tolerant bacterium, exhibits a favorable flavor-enhancing effect during the soy sauce fermentation, especially at higher salt concentrations. To investigate the salt tolerance mechanism of staphylococci in the high-salt environment of soy sauce fermentation, a combined physiological and genomic research method was used to study three <em>Staphylococcus</em> strains (<em>Staphylococcus carnosus</em> CS1.21, <em>S. piscifermentans</em> CS1.22, and <em>S. debuckii</em> CS1.23) that were isolated from moromi. As the NaCl concentration increased from 40 to 180 g/L compared to the control, the contents of intracellular osmotic regulatory substances, such as soluble proteins and proline, increased significantly in all three <em>Staphylococcus</em> strains. Corresponding gene annotations revealed an abundance of protein synthesis genes and a complete proline synthesis pathway. Additionally, Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activity increased significantly by 2.51–9.82 U/L (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), and the Na⁺/K⁺ regulation genes have also been annotated. Catalase (CAT) activity and the rate of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging were significantly enhanced by 0.75–2.51 U/mL and 28.13–62.98%, respectively, corresponding catalase synthesis genes have been annotated in all three strains. These genes form a synergistic regulatory network that, along with physiological adaptations, enhances the strains' salt tolerance under stress. The explanation of the salt tolerance mechanisms of the three staphylococci, which are based on maintaining osmotic balance and increasing ROS scavenging rates, laid the foundation for the complete utilization of the three strains in high-salt liquid fermentation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14095,"journal":{"name":"International journal of food microbiology","volume":"450 ","pages":"Article 111621"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146018431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lactic acid spraying on split carcasses reshapes microbial succession and reduces the occurrence of blown pack spoilage in vacuum-packaged beef stored at different temperatures over extended shelf life","authors":"Sávio Sandes ,&nbsp;Naiara Figueiredo ,&nbsp;Sumaia Pires ,&nbsp;Debora Assis ,&nbsp;Silvia Pedroso ,&nbsp;Maria José Paiva ,&nbsp;Elisabeth Neumann ,&nbsp;Veronica O. Alvarenga ,&nbsp;Carmen J. Contreras-Castillo ,&nbsp;Anderson S. Sant'Ana","doi":"10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2026.111659","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2026.111659","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Beef is a highly perishable product due to its high moisture content, neutral pH, and rich nutrient profile, which favor microbial growth and spoilage. While vacuum packaging extends shelf life by limiting aerobic bacteria, it may promote the proliferation of anaerobic and facultative anaerobic spoilage organisms, leading to blown pack spoilage. This study investigated the effects of lactic acid spraying on split carcasses categorized by two pH levels (high or ideal) on microbial succession and volatile organic compound (VOC) production in vacuum-packaged sirloins, stored at 0 °C, 4 °C, and 7 °C for up to 120 days. Using culture-based methods, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and VOC profiling, it has been found that lactic acid treatment significantly reduced initial bacterial loads, especially in high-pH split carcasses (<em>P</em> &lt; 0,05), and modulated microbial communities over time. Treated samples exhibited a lower incidence of blown pack spoilage (BPS) under specific storage time–temperature conditions. Nevertheless, bacterial changes under specific time–temperature storage conditions were characterized by a microbiota dominated by <em>Lactococcus</em>, <em>Lactobacillus</em>, <em>Leuconostoc</em>, <em>Enterococcus</em>, <em>Carnobacterium</em>, <em>Hafnia–Obesumbacterium</em>, and <em>Serratia</em>, regardless type of treatment. Overall microbial diversity was not significantly affected; however, the composition of dominant bacterial genera and VOC profiles differed between treated and non-treated groups, suggesting that specific bacterial taxa and compounds may serve as indicators of spoilage progression in vacuum-packed meat under defined storage conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14095,"journal":{"name":"International journal of food microbiology","volume":"450 ","pages":"Article 111659"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146062908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodiversity of Aspergillus section Flavi species isolated along the peanut paste production chain in Côte d'Ivoire","authors":"Ama Lethicia Manizan ,&nbsp;Amaranta Carvajal-Campos ,&nbsp;Isabelle Piro-Metayer ,&nbsp;David Koffi Akaki ,&nbsp;Rose Koffi-Nevry ,&nbsp;Didier Montet ,&nbsp;Isabelle P. Oswald ,&nbsp;Sophie Lorber ,&nbsp;Olivier Puel ,&nbsp;Catherine Brabet","doi":"10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2025.111620","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2025.111620","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The contamination of staple foods by mycotoxins is a significant issue in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly the presence of aflatoxins in raw peanuts and peanut-based products. This contamination has severe health and economic consequences. The main aflatoxin-producing fungi belong to <em>Aspergillus</em> section <em>Flavi</em> and are grouped in three main clades: <em>A. flavus</em>, <em>A. tamarii</em> and <em>A. nomius</em>, newly qualified as Flavi, <em>Kitamyces</em> and <em>Nomiarum</em> series respectively. The present study assessed the biodiversity of <em>Aspergillus</em> section <em>Flavi</em> species along the peanut paste production chain in the Korhogo region in northern Côte d'Ivoire. A polyphasic approach was used to identify 256 potentially aflatoxigenic strains isolated on AFPA medium. Experiments included (i) morphological characterization, (ii) aflatoxin production on PDA medium, (iii) molecular identification using a PCR-DGGE method and DNA sequencing, and (iv) phylogenetic analyses. Three species of <em>A. flavus</em> clade were isolated. The most prevalent was <em>A. flavus</em>, which comprised mainly aflatoxin-producing strains but also atoxigenic strains, followed by <em>A. aflatoxiformans</em> and <em>A. korhogoensis.</em> The latter two produced B and G aflatoxins at higher levels than <em>A. flavus</em>, which only produced B aflatoxins<em>. A. aflatoxiformans</em>, <em>A. korhogoensis</em> and aflatoxigenic <em>A. flavus</em> strains were mainly isolated after the stages of peanut pod drying and storage in villages, as well as after seed storage by wholesalers and retailers. However, AF production requires confirmation on most appropriate inducing media. The study also indicates that the PCR-DGGE method when combined with a multi-locus phylogenetic analysis is an effective strategy for discriminating and identifying <em>Aspergillus</em> section <em>Flavi</em> species, particularly those in the <em>A. flavus</em> clade.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14095,"journal":{"name":"International journal of food microbiology","volume":"450 ","pages":"Article 111620"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146062864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasmid-mediated antimicrobial resistance in non-typhoidal Salmonella: serotype-specific mechanisms and ecological implications","authors":"Xiujuan Zhou ,&nbsp;Phil Bremer ,&nbsp;Chunlei Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2026.111647","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2026.111647","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-typhoidal <em>Salmonella</em> (NTS) is a leading cause of foodborne illness, with multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains challenging treatment and food safety. Serotype-specific plasmid associations underlie distinct antimicrobial resistance (AMR) risks: IncHI2 plasmids in <em>S.</em> Typhimurium, virulence-plasmid exclusion in <em>S.</em> Enteritidis, pESI megaplasmids in <em>S.</em> Infantis, and multi-plasmid carriage in <em>S.</em> Indiana. These profiles shape persistence in livestock, processing, and retail settings, raising the likelihood of resistance spread along the farm-to-fork continuum. Plasmid interactions, including helper-mediated mobilization, IS<em>26</em>-driven recombination, and fusion events, accelerate the emergence of mosaic or hybrid plasmids that combine resistance and virulence, enhancing adaptability in food-associated environments. Ecological factors such as gut microbiota, biofilms, and exposure to disinfectants or microplastics further promote plasmid transfer and maintenance. Within a One Health framework, integrating food chain surveillance, predictive modeling, and microbiota-targeted or CRISPR-based tools provides opportunities to monitor, predict, and disrupt plasmid dissemination. By combining serotype-specific, evolutionary, and ecological perspectives, this review highlights key mechanisms driving AMR in NTS and identifies actionable intervention points to reduce MDR <em>Salmonella</em> risks in the food chain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14095,"journal":{"name":"International journal of food microbiology","volume":"450 ","pages":"Article 111647"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146010231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular insights into gallic acid as a quorum sensing inhibitor targeting the LuxS/AI-2 system in Escherichia coli O157: H7 and its antibiofilm applications","authors":"Jinming Dai ,&nbsp;Chenghui Zhang ,&nbsp;Mei Bai ,&nbsp;Tariq Aziz ,&nbsp;Nada K. Alharbi ,&nbsp;Fatma Alshehri ,&nbsp;Ashwag Shami ,&nbsp;Fahad Saad Alhodieb ,&nbsp;Saleh A. Alsanie ,&nbsp;Mansour Alblaji ,&nbsp;Haiying Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2026.111648","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2026.111648","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The quorum sensing (QS) system is a critical drug target that regulates the toxins production and biofilms formation in pathogens. This study elucidates the mechanism by which the plant polyphenol gallic acid (GA) acts as a QS inhibitor targeting the LuxS/AI-2 system in <em>Escherichia coli</em> O157: H7, and evaluates its potential for antibiofilm applications. Results show that GA broadly interferes with the transcription of genes in the AI-2 synthesis pathway and inhibits AI-2 production. Molecular docking combined with in vitro enzymatic inhibition assays identified LuxS as a key target of GA. Thermodynamically favored, GA binds to LuxS via hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions, forming a stable ground-state complex that alters the enzyme's secondary structure and inhibits its activity. Further mechanistic analysis indicates that GA induces conformational changes in the protein, reduces active site volume, and restricts key catalytic residues, thereby blocking substrate access. Under simulated meat broth conditions, GA significantly enhances the biofilm-inhibitory effect of conventional disinfectants even at subinhibitory concentrations on food-contact surfaces. These findings provide theoretical support for the potential utilization of GA as a QS-targeted antibiofilm adjuvant in the food industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14095,"journal":{"name":"International journal of food microbiology","volume":"450 ","pages":"Article 111648"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146029435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on biocontrol efficacy of Debaryomyces hansenii induced with alginate oligosaccharides against blue mold caused by Penicillium expansum on pear fruit","authors":"Gerefa Sefu Edo ,&nbsp;Esa Abiso Godana ,&nbsp;Kaili Wang ,&nbsp;Hongyin Zhang ,&nbsp;Qiya Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2026.111631","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2026.111631","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fungal pathogens causing deterioration in fruits and vegetables after harvest contribute significantly to the annual global economic loss of $750 billion. The use of synthetic chemical fungicides is still the main method of mitigating this huge loss, but challenges such as reduction in maximum residue limits, environmental impact, resistance development, impact on biodiversity, and human health alert to search for alternative methods. Biocontrol mechanisms that inhibit fungal pathogens using antagonistic microbes are effective, with the exception of specificity or efficiency variability and limited shelf life. Enhancing the performance of antagonistic microbes is the best approach to overcome these limitations. The objective of our recent study was to improve the performance of <em>Debaryomyces hansenii</em> against pear fruits blue mold decay caused by <em>Penicillium expansum</em> by inducing it with alginate oligosaccharides (AOS). The findings of this study revealed that AOS significantly improved the efficiency of <em>D. hansenii</em> by many folds. <em>D. hansenii</em> induced by AOS, applied to wounds and surfaces of pear fruit and stored at both room (20 °C) and cold (4 °C) temperatures, demonstrated significantly better performance and viability. Lesion diameter and disease incidence percentage are primary <em>in vivo</em> indicators. Physiological study such as increased activity of disease defense-related and reactive oxygen species scavenging enzymes, flavonoids, and total phenolic compounds are added as proof of the results. Furthermore, <em>in vitro</em> studies indicate <em>P. expansum</em> germination rate, germ tube length, and radial growth when treated with <em>D. hansenii</em> with AOS-induced were reduced. A molecular-level study will be conducted as part of this research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14095,"journal":{"name":"International journal of food microbiology","volume":"450 ","pages":"Article 111631"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The development and virulence of Aspergillus flavus regulated by benzoylation of CBS protein","authors":"Lihan Wu ,&nbsp;Yuqi Zhang ,&nbsp;Xuan Chen,&nbsp;Qingfen Zhang,&nbsp;Shihua Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2026.111636","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2026.111636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Aspergillus flavus</em> is a typical filamentous fungus that poses risk to both humans and animals, as well as for crops. The secondary metabolite aflatoxin B1 produced by <em>A. flavus</em> is also one of the most carcinogenic and toxic natural pollutants discovered so far. Lysine benzoylation (Kbz), which participates in various life activities in different organisms, is an important post-translational modification of proteins. Cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) is a key enzyme in the maintenance of the homocysteine balance in organisms. However, the basic mechanism of CBS in the life activities of <em>A. flavus</em> is still unclear. By knocking out the <em>cbs</em> gene, it was found that compared to the wild-type and complementary strains, the <em>cbs</em> deficient strains had lower growth diameter, spore yield and seed colonization, while the number of sclerotia was increased, and toxin accumulation was increased by TLC. We then validated these results through RT-PCR. We also found the existence of a benzoyl site K109 on CBS by immunoprecipitation. Mutation at K109 abolishes benzoylation, resulting in reduced CBS enzymatic activity, which We found that the phenotype of point mutations is consistent with that of knockout strains. In addition, we found that benzoyltransferase GcnE catalyzes the benzoylation of CBS protein and affects enzyme activity. These results not only give theoretical support for the research of cystathionine β-synthase and benzoyl modification, but also provides fresh ideas for the prevention and control of pathogenic fungus <em>A. flavus</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14095,"journal":{"name":"International journal of food microbiology","volume":"450 ","pages":"Article 111636"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146018466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of infection timing and chemotype of Fusarium asiaticum on fusarium head blight and mycotoxin accumulation in rice","authors":"Lou Xinhao ,&nbsp;Zhang Jinyi ,&nbsp;Jin Xuewu ,&nbsp;Cai Qilong ,&nbsp;Liu Runqi ,&nbsp;Gang Wang ,&nbsp;O. Olaniran Ademola ,&nbsp;Xu Jianhong ,&nbsp;Dong Fei","doi":"10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2026.111663","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2026.111663","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To confirm the most susceptible stage of <em>Fusarium</em> infection and evaluate the pathogenicity of different chemotypes of <em>Fusarium</em> isolates are essential for managing Fusarium head blight (FHB). Extensive research has been conducted on wheat and barley, while there has been limited studies in rice. A 2-year greenhouse experiment was conducted to reveal the effects of infection timing and chemotype of <em>Fusarium asiaticum</em> on FHB severity and mycotoxin accumulation in four rice varieties. The results showed that all the rice varieties could be infected at 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 days after anthesis (daa) by R3 (the 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol chemotype) and R5 (the nivalenol chemotype). The area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), total trichothecenes, and fungal biomass caused by R3 were obviously lower than that caused by R5 across all varieties. Moreover, susceptible varieties exhibited higher values for these parameters than resistant varieties following inoculation with R3 or R5. Notably, the most seriously symptoms, highest total trichothecenes accumulation, and greatest fungal biomass were observed when inoculation at 3 daa, which was significantly higher than that at other inoculation timing (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), and tended to be 3 daa &gt; 6 daa &gt; 0 daa &gt; 9 daa &gt; 12 daa. In addition, a significantly positive correlation (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) was observed between AUDPC and total trichothecenes, AUDPC and fungal biomass, and total trichothecenes and fungal biomass, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14095,"journal":{"name":"International journal of food microbiology","volume":"450 ","pages":"Article 111663"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}