{"title":"Pamam dendrimer - vitamin conjugate for delivery of paclitaxel as anticancer agent","authors":"P. Tripathi","doi":"10.22377/IJGP.V14I4.2972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/IJGP.V14I4.2972","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The major issues with anticancer agent are that they randomly attack cancerous as well as healthy cell. These are injurious and its side effects can be reduced by developing a drug delivery vehicle. That is particular to tumor cells and this may be achieved by employing a strategy called active targeting strategy wherein the functionalities that respond to over expressed receptors (e.g., biotin, and folate conjunction on dendrimers surface) on tumor cells are attached to the drug carrier. Objective: In the present study, biotin- G4 PAMAM dendrimer conjugates were synthesized and structures were characterized. Materials and Methods: G4 -PAMAM Dendrimers were biotinylated using sulfo-NHS-LC-biotin and structural characterization was performed using 1 H NMR and transmission electron microscopy. The effect of generation and release rate, hemotoxicity with biotinylated dendrimer was performed. Results: The results suggested that biotinylated G4 PAMAM dendrimers may be potential drug carriers for paclitaxel targeting to cancer. Conclusion: Biotinylated G4 -PAMAM dendrimers show potential as nanocarriers in targeted drug delivery. Biotinylation of dendrimer thus reduces the distracted charge-mediated uptake and as well as also rising the in vivo biocompatibility, as seen with decrease in hemotoxicity with biotinylated dendrimers.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76740724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Natural polyphenols in central nervous system disorders – A review","authors":"A. Singh","doi":"10.22377/IJGP.V14I4.2967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/IJGP.V14I4.2967","url":null,"abstract":"Polyphenols are widespread constituent present in plants that provide a shield against various stress-causing factors. They are naturally present in our diet and their consumption is inversely associated with harmful central nervous system-related variables due to stress. The rich source of polyphenol is tea, coffee, vegetables, cocoa, etc. Cocoa is also a very rich source of polyphenol origin. Flavon-3-ols, cocoa reduces of the risk of stroke, myocardial infarction, diabetics, as well as healthier systematic inflammation in endothelial lipid dependent on blood flow and the insulin immune to blood pressure. The cardiometabolic safety was also linked to flavonoids quercetin and stilbene resveratrol. Flavonoids and other polyphenols are all-encompassing plant chemicals that perform a number of bionomic functions for their home plant. Polyphenol dietary consumption is known for decreased oxidative stress. Intake of polyphenols in the form of diet well known for reduced oxidative stress. Reduced oxidative stress causes the suppression of the risk of associated neurodegenerative diseases, such as, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), stroke, multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Huntington’s disease (HD). Consequently, the analysis indicates that polyphenol beneficial effects on human brain activity and this review describe these implications by discussing the latest mechanistic hypothesis.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89317894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Anxiolytic and hypnotic effects of ethanolic root extract of Carica papaya in mice","authors":"G. Kiranmayi","doi":"10.22377/IJGP.V14I4.2969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/IJGP.V14I4.2969","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the anxiolytic and hypnotic effects of ethanolic root extract of Carica papaya in mice. Materials and Methods: Anxiolytic activity was observed using behavior paradigms such as elevated plus maze, Ymaze, open field test, and hole board apparatus, while the hypnotic activity was assessed by sodium pentobarbital-induced hypnosis in mice. In elevated plus maze and Y maze, the animals were treated with the extract at dose (75 and 150 mg/kg) po for 7 days and were observed on 7th day of treatment. Anxiolytic activity using open-field apparatus and in sodium pentobarbital-induced hypnosis, the effects were observed on day 1, 7, 15, and 30 days of treatment. Results and Discussion: In the elevated plus maze, there was an increase in the number of entries and time spent in the open arm. In Y maze decrease in the number of visits to three arms was observed. In the hole board test observed increase in the number of head dippings. In sodium pentobarbital-induced hypnosis, there is a significant increase in the duration of sleep and a decrease in the latency of sleep. The anxiolytic and hypnotic effects were substantially greater at dose 150 mg/kg in comparison to dose 75 mg/kg. Conclusion: The results obtained indicate that ethanolic C. papaya root extract might have significant anxiolytic and hypnotic activity.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77368896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Accelerated stability study of Jawarish Jalinoos","authors":"Shahnawaz Shahnawaz","doi":"10.22377/IJGP.V14I03.2937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/IJGP.V14I03.2937","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Jawarish Jalinoos (JJ) is a sugar based semisolid formulation used in Unani system of medicine to treat chronic debilitating disorders, geriatric problems, to strengthen the digestive power, etc., since ancient time. Shelf life/stability evaluation of this valuable compound formulation has not been carried out till date. Therefore, authors aim to evaluate the shelf life of JJ under the accelerated stability condition. Materials and Methods: Finished product was manufactured in the institute’s in-house pharmacy and packed in four air tight polyethylene terephthalate containers. One container was analyzed at baseline and remaining three containers were kept in stability chamber at 40±2°C/75±5% relative humidity. At each pre decided time point, i.e., 1, 3, and 6 months, one container was taken out from stability chamber and evaluated for organoleptic, physicochemical, microbiological parameters, and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting to assess any changes. Results: No significant changes were observed in organoleptic characters. All physicochemical parameters showed <5% change, HPTLC showed minimum difference, microbial load, and specific pathogenic bacteria counts were within WHO guideline’s prescribed limit. Conclusion: The shelf life of JJ was calculated as minimum 20 months using Grimm’s statement. This was in accordance to the drug and cosmetic rule, 1945–161B, Government of India that states the shelf life of Jawarish dosage form as 2 years.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85776135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Anticancer and antioxidant activities of Cordia dichotoma Forst","authors":"N. Hussain","doi":"10.22377/ijgp.v14i03.2940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/ijgp.v14i03.2940","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The present study was carried out to evaluate the antitumor and antioxidant activities of the methanol extract of Cordia dichotoma (MECD) against EAC in Swiss albino mice. Materials and Methods: The present study evaluated the anticancer effect of the methanolic extract of C. dichotoma (MECD) bark against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells induced in albino mice and against human cancer cell lines (malondialdehyde-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells). Results and Discussion: There was significant fall in the red blood cell count and hemoglobin (Hb) content, and a significant increase in white blood cell (WBC) count in the EAC control mice as compared to normal control mice. Treatment with MECD (500 mg/kg, b.w., p.o.) or 5-Fluorouracil (20 mg/kg b.w., i.p.) in EAC-cell bearing mice caused a significant (P < 0.01) increase in Hb levels while a significant (P < 0.01) decrease in WBC levels compared to EAC control rats. Furthermore, increase in the concentration of MECD dose-dependently increased the percent cytotoxicity and decreased the cell viability in both cell line types. The results with MECD were comparable to the tamoxifen. The maximum gain of body weight was observed in the EAC control group. In case of MECD and 5-Fluorouracil treated groups, the body weight was significantly (P < 0.01) reduced. The tumor volume and tumor weight were found to be significantly (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) decreased in MECD treated animals at the doses 250 and 500 mg/kg and 5-Fluorouracil (20 mg/kg) when compared with EAC control animals. With MECD treatment, the survival of EAC bearing mice significantly (P < 0.01) increased as compared to EAC bearing control group. In treated group, mean survival time (MST) was significantly increased to 29.0 ± 1.98 (%ILS = 69.04), 34.12 ± 1.84 (%ILS = 81.25), and 36.87 ± 1.67 (%ILS = 87.79), respectively, when compared to EAC control group. Conclusion: The results of the current study propose that the antitumor activity of MECD can be inferred from the increased life span of EAC bearing mice which is due to its antioxidant activity.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85790955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Screening and isolation of antibiotic-producing microbes from sea cucumber and testing their broad-spectrum activity","authors":"S. Sudhan","doi":"10.22377/IJGP.V14I03.2946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/IJGP.V14I03.2946","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Multidrug resistance of microbes forced the scientific community to search for newer antibiotics to treat infectious diseases. The literature review revealed that fishermen used the sea cucumber species for healing the wounds. Aim: As sea cucumber is rich in microbial flora, an attempt has been made to screen the antibiotic-producing microbes from them. Materials and Methods: Five sea cucumbers were collected from Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu, and dissected. The intestinal fluids and coelomic fluids were collected and named as IF and cystic fibrosis CF, respectively. The crowded plate method was followed to screen the antibiotic-producing microbes. As part of the primary screening, the perpendicular streak method was carried out to reveal the broad-spectrum potential of isolates. The selected isolates which showed the broad spectrum of activity were grown in soyabean casein broth media to produce the antibiotic principles. After the separation of cells from the fermented media, the agar well method was carried out against test organisms to reveal the broad spectrum of activity of the fermented broths. Results: The present investigation resulted in the isolation of 35 isolates with antibiotic-producing ability in crowded plate method. Out of 35 isolates, only 9 of them passed the primary screening. The secondary screening revealed that the fermented broths of three isolates (named IF32, IF52, and CF42) were found to have a better broad spectrum of activity.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89787833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preliminary phytochemical screening, RP-HPLC, HPTLC and anti-oxidant studies of Pinus maritimus","authors":"Guduru Rajeswari","doi":"10.22377/IJGP.V14I03.2944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/IJGP.V14I03.2944","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The aim of the present study is to screen for the phytochemical constituents present in the ethanolic extract of whole plant of Pinus maritimus (PM). Method: The ethanolic extract of the dried whole plant of PM is subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening which showed the presence of major phytoconstituents such as phenols, flavonoids, and alkaloids. The extract was screened for its antioxidant activity by 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, hydroxyl radical, ferric reducing antioxidant potential, and nitric oxide scavenging assay. Further, the ethanolic extract was subjected to fingerprinting technique high-pressure thin-layer chromatography. Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed to estimate the amount of total phenolics, flavonoids, and alkaloids quantitatively in isocratic mode. Results: Phytochemical screening of the ethanolic extract of the plant showed the presence of pharmacologically important constituents such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, and terpenoids. The study also revealed the potential antioxidant activity of the extract with IC50 value. Reverse-phase HPLC showed 0.119 μg/ml of total phenolics, 0.257 μg/ml of alkaloids, and 0.0016 μg /ml of flavonoids. Conclusion: Scientific evaluation of this plant was carried out which is very important for the standardization of the plant-based drug. PM is one which has therapeutic importance as it showed pharmacologically important constituents","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84417716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Ailanthus excelsa leaf extract and their antibacterial activity","authors":"G. Arumugam","doi":"10.22377/ijgp.v14i03.2938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/ijgp.v14i03.2938","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) synthesized from Ailanthus excelsa against human pathogens. Materials and Methods: Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed to confirm the formation and stability of AgNPs. Antibacterial activities of the synthesized AgNPs were determined using the agar well diffusion assay method. Results: UV-Vis spectrum of the aqueous medium containing AgNPs showed an absorption peak at around 425 nm for the yellow to brown colored AgNPs synthesized from 10 to 3 (M) silver nitrate and the fixed volume fraction (ƒ = 0.2) aqueous leaf extract. TEM showed the formation of AgNPs with a size ranging from 15 to 25 nm. The X-ray diffraction patterns of AgNPs synthesized from leaf extract of A. excelsa clearly illustrates that the AgNPs were synthesized. The formed AgNPs showed good antibacterial activity against human pathogens. Conclusions: A. excelsa plant extract solution is potent for the green and eco-friendly synthesis of silver (Ag) nanoparticles, which provides efficient research applications.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73331256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Determination of biochemical constituents of Argan essential oil and its antimicrobial efficacy against tinea infections of Trichophyton rubrum","authors":"S. Iqubal","doi":"10.22377/ijgp.v14i03.2943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/ijgp.v14i03.2943","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The aim of this study to focus on these tinea infections caused by the mold Trichophyton rubrum by collecting the clinical specimens by means of skin scraping samples from the affected sites of the patients and to evaluate the susceptibility of the isolates of the obtained clinical specimens toward the Argan essential oil. A rapid phytochemical analysis study was also performed. Materials and Methods: Argan essential oil procured from Jeddah local market, clinical skin scrape samples from the patient. The phytochemical study was done to find out the chemical compounds present in the Argan essential oil, which plays a key role in determining the antimicrobial efficacy of the Argan essential oil. Results and Discussion: The interpretation of the observation and results for the Argan essential oil showed the promising study results. Regarding its efficacy as potential antifungal agents when compared to that of the standard synthetic chemical agents used against the clinical skin scrape isolates of T. rubrum. Conclusion: The phytochemical compounds present in the Argan essential oil acts as an effective remedy toward the clinical skin scrape isolates of T. rubrum compared to the standard antifungal agents.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74570674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"In vitro antilithiasic activity of saponins rich fraction from the leaves of Zizyphus lotus","authors":"B. Ahmed","doi":"10.22377/IJGP.V14I03.2942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22377/IJGP.V14I03.2942","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: A large number of medicinal plants have been used in Algeria since antiquity, which claims the efficient cure of urinary stone, one of these plants is the specie Zizyphus lotus (Family: Rhamnaceae). Leaves of this species are traditionally used for the treatment of many diseases. Nowadays, numerous clinical studies have provided reliable results on the effects of several hundred plants on several diseases such as the problem of urinary stones. The objective of this study is evaluated in vitro the activity antilithiasic of the extract saponins created fraction. Materials and Methods: Inhibition and dissolution of calcium oxalate (CaOx) were studied by the use of the techniques turbidimetric and gravimetric, using a ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometer and a precision balance. Results and Discussion: Qualitative secondary metabolites determination in the leaves of Z. lotus showed the presence of polyphenols, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins, and the yield of the fraction rich in saponins is equal to 1.41%. The absorbance decreased with the increase in the concentration of extract indicating that decreased the nucleation of CaOx particles with inhibition at 55.23 ± 1.23%. The weight of CaOx crystal decreased with the increase in the concentration of saponins, and the extract at 100% concentration possesses a maximum percentage of dissolution equal to 91.95 ± 0.72%. This effect could be attributed to Ca2+ chelation by the compounds that exist in this fraction. Conclusion: This study indicates that extract can be considered as feasible natural products to improve the efficiency of CaOx inhibition and dissolution.","PeriodicalId":14055,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77746936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}