International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology最新文献

{"title":"PD-L1 expression in breast invasive ductal carcinoma with incomplete pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy","authors":"Ahmad Alhesa, Heyam A. Awad, Sarah Bloukh, Mahmoud Al-Balas, Mohammed El-Sadoni, Duaa Qattan, Bilal Azab, T. Saleh","doi":"10.1177/03946320221078433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03946320221078433","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To investigate the expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in breast cancer in association with incomplete pathological response (PR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Methods PD-L1 expression was evaluated using immunohistochemistry in post-operative, post-NAC samples of 60 patients (n = 60) diagnosed with breast invasive ductal carcinoma with incomplete PR to NAC, including 31 matched pre-NAC and post-NAC samples (n = 31). PD-L1 protein expression was assessed using three scoring approaches, including the tumor proportion score (TPS), the immune cell score (ICS), and the combined tumor and immune cell score (combined positive score, CPS) with a 1% cut-off. Results In the post-operative, post-NAC samples (n = 60), positive expression rate of PD-L1 was observed in 18.3% (11/60) of cases by TPS, 31.7% (19/60) by ICS, and 25% (15/60) by CPS. In matched samples, positive expression rate of PD-L1 was observed in 19.3% (6/31) of patients by TPS, 51.6% (16/31) by ICS, and 19.3% (6/31) by CPS in pre-NAC specimens, while it was observed in 22.6% (7/31) of matched post-NAC samples by TPS, 22.6% (7/31) by ICS, and 19.3% (6/31) by CPS. In the matched samples, there was a significant decrease in PD-L1 immunoexpression using ICS in post-NAC specimens (McNemar’s, p = 0.020), while no significant differences were found using TPS and CPS between pre- and post-NAC samples (p = 1.000, p = 0.617; respectively). PD-L1 immunoexpression determined by TPS or CPS was only significantly associated with ER status (p = 0.022, p = 0.021; respectively), but not with other clinicopathological variables. We could not establish a correlation between PD-L1 expression and the overall survival rate (p > 0.05). There were no significant differences in the tumor infiltrating lymphocytes count between the paired pre- and post-NAC samples (t = 0.581, p = 0.563 or Wilcoxon’s Signed Rank test; z = -0.625, p = 0.529). Conclusion Our findings indicate that PD-L1 protein expression in infiltrating immune cells was significantly reduced in breast tumors that developed incomplete PR following the exposure to NAC.","PeriodicalId":14046,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44242925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevated number of IL-21+ TFH and CD86+CD38+ B cells in blood of renal transplant recipients with AMR under conventional immuno-suppression.","authors":"Jing Liu, Tongyu Tang, Zhihui Qu, Li Wang, Rui Si, Haifeng Wang, Yanfang Jiang","doi":"10.1177/20587384211048027","DOIUrl":"10.1177/20587384211048027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study is to detect the number of different subsets of TFH and B cells in renal transplant recipients (RTR) with antibody-mediated acute rejection (AMR), acute rejection (AR), chronic rejection (CR), or transplant stable (TS). The present study was a prospective study. The numbers of ICOS +, PD-1+ and IL-21+ TFH, CD86+, CD38+, CD27+, and IgD- B cells in 21 patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and post-transplant times were measured by flow cytometry. The level of serum IL-21 was detected by ELISA. The numbers of circulating CD4+CXCR5+, CD4+CXCR5+ICOS+, CD4+CXCR5+PD-1+, CD4+CXCR5+IL-21+ TFH, CD19+CD86+, and CD19 +CD86+CD38+ B cells as well as the level of serum IL-21 in the AMR, AR, and CR groups at post-transplantation were significantly higher than those at pre-transplantation. In contrast, the number of circulating CD19+CD27+IgD B cells was significantly increased in the TS groups in respect to the other groups. Moreover, the numbers of circulating CD4+CXCR5+IL-21+ TFH cells, CD19+CD86+CD38+ B cells as well as the level of serum IL-21 were positive related to the level of serum Cr while showing negative correlated with the values of eGFR in the AMR groups at post-transplantation for 4 and 12 weeks. Circulating TFH cells may be a biomarker in RTR with AMR, which can promote the differentiation of B cells into plasma cells by activating B cells, thereby promoting disease progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":14046,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology","volume":"36 ","pages":"20587384211048027"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/76/50/10.1177_20587384211048027.PMC8755922.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39897235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abnormal sperm morphology is associated with sensitization to inhaled allergens.","authors":"Rafał Adamczak,&nbsp;Natalia Ukleja-Sokołowska,&nbsp;Magdalena Pasińska,&nbsp;Joanna Zielińska,&nbsp;Mateusz Leśny,&nbsp;Mariusz Dubiel","doi":"10.1177/20587384211066718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20587384211066718","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Allergy is associated with the loss of tolerance of environmental antigens, combined with a pathological immune response. There were no studies up to date that would show whether the quality of semen decreases in people with allergic diseases.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The research included men who reported to the Gynecological Outpatient Clinic due to reproductive difficulties, defined as the lack of pregnancy after one year of regular intercourse. Semen quality was assessed according to the World Health Organization (WHO) standard. All patients underwent skin prick tests with the most important inhalation allergens (such as hazel, silver birch, mugwort, rye, dog, cat, <i>Dermatophagoides farinae, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus</i>, alder, <i>Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium herbarum</i>, and grass mix). The data was statistically analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results of 52 patients aged 25-52 years (34.62 ± 4.96) were analyzed. The mean BMI (Body mass index) was 28.25 (+ -3.77). It was found that 38 men (73%) had increased body weight, and 14 men (26.9%) were obese (BMI > = 30). 13 patients were smokers (25%), and 24 patients (46%) had skin tests positive for at least one inhaled allergen. Sperm tail defects were statistically more significant in patients allergic to birch, rye, cat, alder, and grass. In patients allergic to <i>Alternaria alternata</i>, head defects were statistically more significant (<i>p</i> < .05). No association was found between allergy to house dust mites, mugwort, hazel, and dogs and the deterioration of semen.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Allergy due to inhalation allergens had an influence on the quality of male semen. Further research is necessary to establish the immunological bases of this phenomenon.</p>","PeriodicalId":14046,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology","volume":"36 ","pages":"20587384211066718"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/9c/7a/10.1177_20587384211066718.PMC8743921.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39647129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single nucleotide polymorphism rs 2070874 at Interleukin-4 is associated with increased risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus independently of human leukocyte antigens","authors":"A. Osman, I. Brema, Alaa AlQurashi, A. Al-jurayyan, Benjamin Bradley, Muaawia Hamza","doi":"10.1177/03946320221090330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03946320221090330","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is characterized by autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic beta (β-) cells. Previous studies suggested an imbalance between and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines exacerbates T1DM development. Objectives We aimed to test the hypothesis that patients with T1DM carry a higher frequency of regulatory genes associated with low levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4), its receptor (IL-4R), and interleukin-10 (IL-10). Methods Accordingly, we compared frequencies of five different single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in T1DM patients and healthy controls who had been typed for HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQA1, and HLA-DQB1 genes. Results The frequencies of rs2070874 (IL-4) alleles C and T differed between T1DM patients and controls (cp = 0.0065), as did their codominant (cp = 0.026) and recessive (cp = 0.015) models. Increased frequencies were observed in T1DM patients for HLA alleles: DRB1*03 (pc < 0.0013), DRB1*04 (cp = 0.0169), DQA1*03 (cp = 0.0222), DQA1*05 (cp < 0.0006), DQB1*02 (cp = 0.0005), and DQB1*06 (cp < 0.0005). And lower frequencies were observed for: DRB1*07 (cp = 0.0078), DRB1*11 (cp = 0.0013), DRB1*13 (cp < 0.0364), DRB1*15 (cp < 0.0013), DQA1*01 (cp < 0.0006), and DQA1*02 (cp = 0.0348). Certain DRB1: DQA1: DQB1 haplotypes showed greater frequencies, including, 03:05:02 (p < 0.0001) and 04:03:03 (p = 0.0017), whereas others showed lower frequencies, including, 07:02:02 (p = 0.0032), 11:05:03 (p = 0.0007), and 15:01:06 (p = 0.0002). Stratification for the above HLA haplotypes with rs2070874 C/C exhibited no significant differences between T1DM patients overall and controls. However, when stratified for the vulnerable HLA haplotype (03:05:02/04:03:03), young patients in whom T1DM began at ≤13 years had a higher frequency of the SNP (rs2070874 C/C); a gene associated with low IL-4 production (p < 0.024). Conclusion This study suggests that possession of the rs2070874 C/C genotype, which is associated with low production of IL-4, increases the risk of T1DM in young individuals carrying vulnerable HLA alleles/haplotypes.","PeriodicalId":14046,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41917862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new indicator: The diagnostic value of CD8+T/B lymphocyte ratio in sepsis progression.","authors":"Yizhi Peng,&nbsp;Xiaofan Wang,&nbsp;Sheng Yin,&nbsp;Min Wang","doi":"10.1177/03946320221123164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03946320221123164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To reveal the value of single lymphocyte subpopulation and their ratios in the progression of sepsis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From January 2019 to March 2021, 39 sepsis patients, 16 septic shock patients, and 50 healthy volunteers were recruited in the Second Xiangya Hospital for this cross-sectional study. The absolute quantitation of CD4+T, CD8+T, B lymphocytes, and NK cells in peripheral blood were determined by flow cytometry. SPSS Software was used to analyze the results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On the whole, the numbers of lymphocytes in the sepsis group and in the septic shock group were lower than that in the healthy control group. Surprisingly, the percentage of CD8+T lymphocytes in the septic shock group was slightly higher than that in the sepsis group. The percentage of B lymphocytes in the sepsis group was higher than that in the healthy control group. The AUC of CD8+T/B was 0.724, with the sensitivity and specificity being 75.00% and 71.79%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The immune expression pattern of patients with sepsis was not a simple decrease in the number of lymphocytes. The change in the ratios of lymphocyte subpopulation might be more meaningful along the development and progression of sepsis. The ratio of CD8+T/B could be used to diagnose the progression of sepsis and reduce the misdiagnosis rate to a certain extent.</p>","PeriodicalId":14046,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology","volume":"36 ","pages":"3946320221123164"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/8a/13/10.1177_03946320221123164.PMC9421217.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33445090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evodiamine suppresses the progression of non-small cell lung carcinoma via endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis pathway in vivo and in vitro","authors":"Yu-ting Li, Yuming Wang, Xiaoqun Wang, Lulu Jin, Lu Yang, Jinli Zhu, Hongwu Wang, Fang Zheng, H. Cui, Xiaojiang Li, Yingjie Jia","doi":"10.1177/03946320221086079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03946320221086079","url":null,"abstract":"Background Evodiamine (EVO) is one of the major components isolated from Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.). Recent studies have shown that EVO has an anti-cancer effect. However, the pharmacological mechanism by which EVO impacts cancer is still poorly understood. Objectives This study focused on asking the anti-cancer effect of EVO in human non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), and in particular to investigate whether EVO acts via modulating the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-mediated apoptosis pathway. Materials and Methods A Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) tumor-bearing mouse model was treated with low-dose EVO (5 mg/kg) and high-dose EVO (10 mg/kg) intraperitoneally for 14 d. The effects of EVO on tumor growth, apoptosis, and ERS were assessed. In addition, NSCLC A549 and LLC cells were treated with EVO in vitro. The effects of EVO on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and ERS were investigated. Finally, 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), an ERS inhibitor, was used to validate whether EVO induced apoptosis of NSCLC cells by modulating ERS. Results EVO treatment significantly inhibited tumor growth in LLC tumor-bearing mice. H&E staining indicated that EVO treatment reduced the number of tumor cells and the nucleo-plasmic ratio. Immunostaining showed that EVO treatment significantly decreased the expression of Ki-67. TUNEL staining revealed that EVO induced apoptosis in the tumor. Likewise, EVO treatment up-regulated the expression of apoptosis-related genes and proteins and increased activation of the ERS pathway in the tumor. Additionally, EVO inhibited cell proliferation and increased cell apoptotic rates in A549 and LLC cells. EVO also increased the expression levels of genes and proteins associated with ERS-mediated apoptosis pathway in vitro. The effects of EVO on apoptosis were abolished by 4-PBA treatment. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that EVO suppresses the progression of NSCLC by modulating the ERS-mediated apoptosis pathway.","PeriodicalId":14046,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44226776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IP-10 and complement activation as friend or foe in COVID-19","authors":"Saowalak Bunprakob, Pasin Hemachudha, Chanida Ruchisrisarod, Thirawat Supharatpariyakorn, T. Hemachudha","doi":"10.1177/03946320221096202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03946320221096202","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction The Innate immune system senses danger signals of COVID-19 infection and produce an orchestration of cellular, complement and cytokines cascades. These led to the approach using immunosuppressive agents. It is intriguing whether certain biomarkers can aid the proper administration of such drugs. Methods Plasma specimens of 58 COVID-19 patients with differing severity, from very mild illness (group A), mild (group B), moderate (group C), and severe/critical illness (group D) were assayed for cyto-chemokines and terminal complement complex (SC5b-9) during the course of diseases. None received anti-IL-6 therapy, there was no mortality in this cohort. Results IP-10 and RANTES levels were dominant cytokines. IP-10 levels increased significantly in all groups when compared between pre-nadir and nadir phases (group A, p =0.428; group B =0.034; group C =0.159; group D <0.001) and in groups B and D when compared between nadir and recovery phases (p <0.001). RANTES levels were elevated in all groups across all phases with no significant differences. SC5b-9 levels increased significantly as compared to healthy controls [pre-nadir- group A versus healthy, p =0.122; group B-D versus healthy, p =0.021); nadir-group A versus healthy, p =0.003; group B-D versus healthy, p <0.001; recovery phase (p <0.001)] but not between groups A and B-D at pre-nadir (p=0.606). Conclusion The absence of significant pro-inflammatory responses and early elevation of IP-10 levels and complement activation may be favorable and necessary for viral elimination in COVID-19 patients. Expression of distinct cyto-chemokines during each clinical phase may be useful for guiding proper therapeutic interventions on alleviating thrombo-inflammation responses to COVID-19 infection.","PeriodicalId":14046,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45538333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"C1q/TNF-related protein-1: Potential biomarker for early diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder.","authors":"Hamed Raeisy, Paria Bayati, Farshid Noorbakhsh, Mitra Hakim Shooshtari, Mehrdad Eftekhar Ardebili, Mehdi Shekarabi, Nazanin Mojtabavi","doi":"10.1177/03946320221079471","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03946320221079471","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are neurodevelopmental diseases characterized by communication inabilities, social interaction impairment, repetitive behavior, as well as learning problems. Although the exact mechanism underlying this disease is still obscure, researchers believe that several factors play a significant role in its development and pathogenesis. Some authors have reported an association between adipokines family and autism. C1q/TNF-related protein-1 (CTRP1) is a member of the adipokines family, and we hypothesized that this adipokine might have an influential role in the pathogenesis of ASDs. Since there is no specific marker for screening the disease, we evaluated CTRP1 as a potential marker for achieving this purpose.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Blood samples were collected from 82 (41 ASDs boys, 41 healthy boys as controls) children aged 5-7 years old. CTRP1 gene expression and CTRP1 serum level were measured by quantitative realtime-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It was found that CTRP1 is significantly elevated in autistic children in comparison to healthy controls, both at the gene expression level, as well as at the serum level; demonstrating a good diagnostic value with a good range of sensitivity and specificity for detecting ASDs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CTRP1 expression is elevated in ASDs boys aged 5-7 years old, suggesting a role for this adipokine in ASDs pathophysiology. Also, receiver operating characteristic curve analyses revealed that this adipokine could be utilized as a diagnostic biomarker for differentiating ASDs patients from healthy individuals along with other recently proposed biomarkers.</p>","PeriodicalId":14046,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology","volume":"36 ","pages":"3946320221079471"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2b/f4/10.1177_03946320221079471.PMC8883289.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39648355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laboratory biomarker predictors for disease progression and outcome among Egyptian COVID-19 patients","authors":"L. Fathalla, Lamyaa Kamal, Omina Salaheldin, Mahmoud Khalil, Mahmoud M. Kamel, Hagar H. Fahim, Youssef A. S. Abdel-Moneim, Jawaher A. Abdulhakim, A. S. Abdel-Moneim, Yomna M El-Meligui","doi":"10.1177/03946320221096207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03946320221096207","url":null,"abstract":"The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic resulted in more than five hundred million infected cases worldwide. The current study aimed to screen the correlation of different laboratory findings with disease severity and clinical outcomes of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) among Egyptian patients to obtain prognostic indicators of disease severity and outcome. A total of 112 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients were examined. According to the severity of the disease, these patients were divided into three main groups: mild, moderate and severe cases. In addition, clinical characteristics and laboratory findings, including Hb, platelet count, white blood cell count, lymphocyte percentage, neutrophil percentage, neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), D-dimer, highly sensitive C-reactive protein (HS-CRP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatinine, were measured. The presence of hypertension and/or diabetes was found to be a significant risk factor for disease severity and poor outcome. Increased respiratory rate, levels of SpO2, HS-CRP, D-dimer, NLR, ALT, LDH, lymphopenia and neutrophilia, as well as changes in chest computed tomography (CT), were associated with increased disease severity and fatal consequences. Highly sensitive C-reactive protein, D-dimer, NLR and LDH constituted excellent predictors for both disease severity and death. Laboratory biomarkers, such as HS-CRP, D-dimer, NLR and LDH, are excellent predictors for both disease severity and death. They can predict mortality in patients at the time of admission secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection and can help physicians identify high-risk patients before clinical deterioration.","PeriodicalId":14046,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42794139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is there any predictor for relapse after treatment withdrawal in autoimmune hepatitis patients in the real life?","authors":"Bilger Çavuş,&nbsp;Filiz Akyuz,&nbsp;Raim İliaz,&nbsp;Alp Atasoy,&nbsp;Umit Akyuz,&nbsp;Kadir Demir,&nbsp;Fatih Besisik,&nbsp;Sabahattin Kaymakoglu","doi":"10.1177/03946320221077860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03946320221077860","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Backgrounds and aims: </strong>In autoimmune hepatitis, there are uncertainties about whether to discontinue the treatment, when the treatment should be discontinued, and the risks of relapse in the cases where remission is achieved with immunosuppressive therapy. In this study, patients with AIH, whose immunosuppressive treatments were discontinued, were evaluated for the rates of remission and the risk of relapse.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 119 patients, who were diagnosed with AIH based on the AIHG scoring systems between 1990 and 2015, were evaluated. Patients were receiving standard azathioprine and steroid therapy. The treatment was discontinued in patients, who had been receiving treatment for at least 2 years, who had no clinical complaints, and whose aminotransferases were normal and when an increase occurred in AST values more than two times the normal after the treatment was interrupted, the case was considered as a relapse.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the patients, 83%(<i>n</i> = 99) were women. When the patients were diagnosed with AIH, their mean age was 36 ± 16(8-79) years; 70.6%(<i>n</i> = 84) were type 1, 3.4%(<i>n</i> = 4) type 2, and 26%(<i>n</i> = 31) were autoantibody-negative AIH. At the time of discontinuation, liver biopsy was performed in 8 of the patients and minimal-mild abnormalities were detected. Patients whose treatment was discontinued received treatment for an average of 101 ± 75(range: 24-280, median: 68.5) months; and, they were followed up for an average of 19 (1-110) months during the period without medication. Relapse occurred in 67%(<i>n</i> = 12) of the patients with drug withdrawal. Relapse occurred within the first 12 months in 67% of these patients (<i>n</i> = 8) and developed with an acute hepatitis attack in 42%. None of the clinical, laboratory, and histological data were found to be effective on relapse.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In patients with AIH, relapse occurs in two-thirds of patients within an average of 19 month after the discontinuation of the medication. Most relapses occur at the early period and they are accompanied by an acute hepatitis attack.</p>","PeriodicalId":14046,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology","volume":"36 ","pages":"3946320221077860"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4a/eb/10.1177_03946320221077860.PMC8855400.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39928205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}