Optics + Photonics for Sustainable Energy最新文献_第3页

Reliability and energy efficiency of zero energy homes (Conference Presentation) 零能耗住宅的可靠性和能源效率(会议介绍)

Optics + Photonics for Sustainable Energy Pub Date : 2016-11-02 DOI: 10.1117/12.2237488

N. Dhere

{"title":"Reliability and energy efficiency of zero energy homes (Conference Presentation)","authors":"N. Dhere","doi":"10.1117/12.2237488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2237488","url":null,"abstract":"Photovoltaic (PV) modules and systems are being installed increasingly on residential homes to increase the proportion of renewable energy in the energy mix. The ultimate goal is to attain sustainability without subsidy. The prices of PV modules and systems have declined substantially during the recent years. They will be reduced further to reach grid parity. Additionally the total consumed energy must be reduced by making the homes more energy efficient. FSEC/UCF Researchers have carried out research on development of PV cells and systems and on reducing the energy consumption in homes and by small businesses. Additionally, they have provided guidance on PV module and system installation and to make the homes energy efficient. The produced energy is fed into the utility grid and the consumed energy is obtained from the utility grid, thus the grid is assisting in the storage. Currently the State of Florida permits net metering leading to equal charge for the produced and consumed electricity. This paper describes the installation of 5.29 KW crystalline silicon PV system on a south-facing tilt at approximately latitude tilt on a single-story, three-bedroom house. It also describes the computer program on Building Energy Efficiency and the processes that were employed for reducing the energy consumption of the house by improving the insulation, air circulation and windows, etc. Finally it describes actual consumption and production of electricity and the installation of additional crystalline silicon PV modules and balance of system to make it a zero energy home.","PeriodicalId":140444,"journal":{"name":"Optics + Photonics for Sustainable Energy","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123001525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Repackaging photon energy using exciton fission and fusion in molecular crystals (Conference Presentation) 利用分子晶体中的激子裂变和聚变重新包装光子能量(会议报告)

Optics + Photonics for Sustainable Energy Pub Date : 2016-11-02 DOI: 10.1117/12.2237847

C. Bardeen

{"title":"Repackaging photon energy using exciton fission and fusion in molecular crystals (Conference Presentation)","authors":"C. Bardeen","doi":"10.1117/12.2237847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2237847","url":null,"abstract":"The ability to downconvert (1 photon to 2 photons) and upconvert (2 photons to 1 photon) energy can boost solar energy conversion efficiencies by 30% or more. Downconversion can be accomplished through exciton fission, in which an initially created high energy singlet exciton spontaneously splits into a pair of lower energy triplet excitons. In organic semiconductors like tetracene and rubrene, the Frenkel character of the excitons leads to energetically separate singlet and triplet bands, providing an ideal set of energy levels for both processes to take place. In this talk, our efforts to understand the basic photophysics of singlet fission using time-resolved transient absorption, photoluminescence and magnetic field effects will be described. The role of molecular packing in controlling the fission rate will be emphasized. Upconversion occurs via the reverse process, where a pair of triplet excitons fuse into a high-energy singlet state. While most approaches to upconversion require a sensitizer to populate the dark triplet states, an alternate approach is to take advantage of low-energy intermolecular states in organic crystals to sensitize triplet states. We show that this process can be surprisingly efficient in certain molecular crystals, even in the absence of sensitizers. The exciton interactions responsible for this process are investigated using steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopy.","PeriodicalId":140444,"journal":{"name":"Optics + Photonics for Sustainable Energy","volume":"195 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115660366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Broadband sensitized photon up-conversion at subsolar irradiance (Conference Presentation) 亚太阳辐照度下宽带增感光子上转换(会议报告)

Optics + Photonics for Sustainable Energy Pub Date : 2016-11-02 DOI: 10.1117/12.2236577

J. Pedrini, A. Monguzzi, F. Meinardi

{"title":"Broadband sensitized photon up-conversion at subsolar irradiance (Conference Presentation)","authors":"J. Pedrini, A. Monguzzi, F. Meinardi","doi":"10.1117/12.2236577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2236577","url":null,"abstract":"A crucial limit of solar devices is their inability to harvest the full solar spectrum. Currently, sensitized up-conversion based on triplet-tripled annihilation (STTA-UC) in bi-component organic systems is the most promising technique to recover sub-bandgap photons, showing good efficiencies also at excitation intensities comparable to the solar irradiance. In STTA-UC, high-energy light is generated through annihilation of metastable triplet states of molecules acting as emitters, which are populated via resonant energy transfer from a light-harvesting sensitizer. However, suitable sensitizers show narrow absorption bands, limiting the fraction of recoverable photons, therefore preventing the application of STTA-UC to real-world devices. Here we demonstrate how to overcome the described limit by using multiple sensitizers that work cooperatively to broaden the overall system absorption band. This is obtained using an additional sensitizer that transfers the extra harvested energy to the main one (sensitization of the sensitizer), or a set of properly designed complementary absorbing sensitizers all able to excite simultaneously the same emitter (multi-sensitizers). In both cases STTA-UC performances result strongly enhanced compared to the corresponding mono-sensitizer system, increasing the up-converted light intensity generated at AM 1.5 up to two times. Remarkably, by coupling our light converters to a DSSC we prove its operation by exploiting exclusively sub-bandgap photons. A detailed modeling of the photophysical processes involved in these complex systems allows us to draw the guidelines for the design of the next generation STTA-UC materials, encouraging their application to photovoltaic technologies.","PeriodicalId":140444,"journal":{"name":"Optics + Photonics for Sustainable Energy","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127365634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Crystallization of perovskite film using ambient moisture and water as co-solvent for efficient planar perovskite solar cell (Conference Presentation) 利用环境水分和水作为助溶剂制备高效平面钙钛矿太阳能电池的钙钛矿薄膜结晶(会议报告)

Optics + Photonics for Sustainable Energy Pub Date : 2016-11-02 DOI: 10.1117/12.2238334

A. Dubey, K. M. Reza, Eman A. Gaml, N. Adhikari, Q. Qiao

{"title":"Crystallization of perovskite film using ambient moisture and water as co-solvent for efficient planar perovskite solar cell (Conference Presentation)","authors":"A. Dubey, K. M. Reza, Eman A. Gaml, N. Adhikari, Q. Qiao","doi":"10.1117/12.2238334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2238334","url":null,"abstract":"Smooth, compact and defect free morphology of perovskite is highly desired for enhanced device performance. Several routes such as thermal annealing, use of solvent mixtures, growth under controlled humidity has been adopted to obtain crystalline, smooth and defect free perovskite film. Herein we showed direct use of water (H2O) as co-solvent in precursor solution and have optimized the water content required to obtain smooth and dense film. Varying concentration of water was used in precursor solution of CH3NH3I and PbI2 mixed in γ-butyrolactone (GBL) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). Perovskite films were crystallized using toluene assisted solvent engineering method using GBL:DMSO:H2O as solvent mixture. The amount of water was varied from 1% to 25%, which resulted in change in film morphology and perovskite crystallinity. It was concluded that an appropriate amount of water is required to assist the crystallization process to obtain smooth pin-hole free morphology. The change in morphology led to improved fill factor in the device, with highest efficiency ~14%, which was significantly higher than devices made from perovskite film without adding water. We also showed that addition of up to 25% by volume of water does not significantly change the device performance.","PeriodicalId":140444,"journal":{"name":"Optics + Photonics for Sustainable Energy","volume":"146 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125857735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Nanoscale potential distribution of grain boundary dependence on humidity of high performance Perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3) solar cell(Conference Presentation) 高性能钙钛矿(CH3NH3PbI3)太阳能电池晶界随湿度变化的纳米级电位分布(会议报告)

Optics + Photonics for Sustainable Energy Pub Date : 2016-11-02 DOI: 10.1117/12.2238639

N. Adhikari, Md. Hasan Nazmul, A. Dubey, Q. Qiao

{"title":"Nanoscale potential distribution of grain boundary dependence on humidity of high performance Perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3) solar cell(Conference Presentation)","authors":"N. Adhikari, Md. Hasan Nazmul, A. Dubey, Q. Qiao","doi":"10.1117/12.2238639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2238639","url":null,"abstract":"We report effects of controlled humidity in ambient condition on grain boundary potential and charge transport within the grains of Pervoskite films prepared by sequential deposited technique. Grain boundary exhibited variation of their electronic properties with change in humidity level from sample kept inside glove box to 75% RH. X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicates the formation of PbI2 phase with increasing humidity level. The degradation of Pervoskite solar cell is mainly associated with the increase of PbI2 phase with increase in humidity level and hydration of the grain boundaries with the formation of hydrated phases. Spatial mapping of surface potential in the Perovskite film exhibits higher positive potential at grain boundaries compared to the surface of the grains. Grain boundary potential barrier were found to increase from ~35 meV to 80 meV for perovskite film exposed to 75% RH level compared to perovskite film kept inside glove box. Nanoscale current sensing measurement (Cs-AFM) shows that charge transport in perovskit solar cell strongly depends in humidity level. Performances of the solar cell was maximum for 25% humidity with 14.01 %. Transient measurement shows decrease in charge carrier life time and charge transport time with increase in humidity level. Our results show strong correlation between humidity level, electronic grain boundary properties and device performance.","PeriodicalId":140444,"journal":{"name":"Optics + Photonics for Sustainable Energy","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121630905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Solar-hydrogen generation and solar concentration (Conference Presentation) 太阳能制氢和太阳能聚光(会议介绍)

Optics + Photonics for Sustainable Energy Pub Date : 2016-11-02 DOI: 10.1117/12.2237330

E. Chinello, M. Modestino, J. Schüttauf, David Lambelet, A. Delfino, D. Dominé, A. Faes, M. Despeisse, J. Bailat, D. Psaltis, D. Fernández Rivas, C. Ballif, C. Moser

{"title":"Solar-hydrogen generation and solar concentration (Conference Presentation)","authors":"E. Chinello, M. Modestino, J. Schüttauf, David Lambelet, A. Delfino, D. Dominé, A. Faes, M. Despeisse, J. Bailat, D. Psaltis, D. Fernández Rivas, C. Ballif, C. Moser","doi":"10.1117/12.2237330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2237330","url":null,"abstract":"We successfully demonstrated and reported the highest solar-to-hydrogen efficiency with crystalline silicon cells and Earth-abundant electrocatalysts under unconcentrated solar radiation. The combination of hetero-junction silicon cells and a 3D printed Platinum/Iridium-Oxide electrolyzer has been proven to work continuously for more than 24 hours in neutral environment, with a stable 13.5% solar-to-fuel efficiency. Since the hydrogen economy is expected to expand to a global scale, we demonstrated the same efficiency with an Earth-abundant electrolyzer based on Nickel in a basic medium. In both cases, electrolyzer and photovoltaic cells have been specifically sized for their characteristic curves to intersect at a stable operating point. This is foreseen to guarantee constant operation over the device lifetime without performance degradation. The next step is to lower the production cost of hydrogen by making use of medium range solar concentration. It permits to limit the photoabsorbing area, shown to be the cost-driver component. We have recently modeled a self-tracking solar concentrator, able to capture sunlight within the acceptance angle range +/-45°, implementing 3 custom lenses. The design allows a fully static device, avoiding the external tracker that was necessary in a previously demonstrated +/-16° angular range concentrator. We will show two self-tracking methods. The first one relies on thermal expansion whereas the second method relies on microfluidics.","PeriodicalId":140444,"journal":{"name":"Optics + Photonics for Sustainable Energy","volume":"283 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126851235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Deciphering the role of impurities in methylammonium iodide and their impact on the performance of perovskite solar cells (Conference Presentation) 破译碘化甲基铵中杂质的作用及其对钙钛矿太阳能电池性能的影响(会议报告)

Optics + Photonics for Sustainable Energy Pub Date : 2016-11-02 DOI: 10.1117/12.2237085

L. Levchuk, Yi Hou, Marco Gruber, P. Herre, Marco Brandl, A. Osvet, R. Hock, W. Peukert, R. Tykwinski, M. Batentschuk, C. Brabec

{"title":"Deciphering the role of impurities in methylammonium iodide and their impact on the performance of perovskite solar cells (Conference Presentation)","authors":"L. Levchuk, Yi Hou, Marco Gruber, P. Herre, Marco Brandl, A. Osvet, R. Hock, W. Peukert, R. Tykwinski, M. Batentschuk, C. Brabec","doi":"10.1117/12.2237085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2237085","url":null,"abstract":"Solution based perovskite solar cell fabrication typically involves rather complex processing sequences to yield highest performance. While most studies concentrate on the exploration of processing conditions, we have investigated the purity levels of common perovskite precursor solutions and found a number of impurities which are most critically controlling the crystallization of perovskites. Moreover, we identified these impurities at different level of concentrations is all commercially available precursors. In detail, we present a detailed chemical study on the nature of the various impurities in CH3NH3I and explored their impact on the crystal formation. The detrimental role of the impurities is best demonstrated by comparing perovskite solar cell devices fabricated from impurity free precursors vs precursors containing different concentrations of impurities. Most interestingly, we revealed that a certain concentration of impurities is detrimental to facilitate the growth of large grained crystals. This study gives valuable insight into the rate determining steps of perovskite crystal growth and provides the basis for developing reliable and reproducible high performance recipes for Perovskite solar cell processing.","PeriodicalId":140444,"journal":{"name":"Optics + Photonics for Sustainable Energy","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131074123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Efficient photothermal catalytic hydrogen production over nonplasmonic Pt metal supported on TiO2 在TiO2负载的非等离子体Pt金属上高效光热催化制氢

Optics + Photonics for Sustainable Energy Pub Date : 2016-10-26 DOI: 10.1117/12.2239178

Rui Song, B. Luo, D. Jing

{"title":"Efficient photothermal catalytic hydrogen production over nonplasmonic Pt metal supported on TiO2","authors":"Rui Song, B. Luo, D. Jing","doi":"10.1117/12.2239178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2239178","url":null,"abstract":"Most of the traditional photocatalytic hydrogen productions were conducted under room temperature. In this work, we selected nonplasmonic Pt metal anchored on TiO2 nanoparticles with photothermal activity to explore more efficient hydrogen production technology over the whole solar spectrum. Photothermal experiments were carried out in a carefully designed top irradiated photocatalytic reactor that can withstand high temperature and relatively higher pressure. Four typical organic materials, i.e., methyl alcohol (MeOH), trielthanolamne (TEOA), formic acid (HCOOH) and glucose, were investigated. Formic acid, a typical hydrogen carrier, was found to show the best activity. In addition, the effects of different basic parameters such as sacrificial agent concentration and the temperature on the activity of hydrogen generation were systematically investigated for understanding the qualitative and quantitative effects of the photothermal catalytic reaction process. The hydrogen yields at 90 °C of the photothermal catalytic reaction with Pt/TiO2 are around 8.1 and 4.2 times higher than those of reactions carried out under photo or thermal conditions alone. We can see that the photothermal hydrogen yield is not the simple sum of the photo and thermal effects. This result indicated that the Pt/TiO2 nanoparticles can efficiently couple photo and thermal energy to more effectively drive hydrogen production. As a result, the excellent ability makes it superior to other conventional semiconductor photocatalysts and thermal catalysts. Future works could concentrate on exploring photothermal catalysis as well as the potential synergism between photo and thermal effects to find more efficient hydrogen production technology using the whole solar spectrum.","PeriodicalId":140444,"journal":{"name":"Optics + Photonics for Sustainable Energy","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117312567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Modification and upgrade of AzRISE/TEP solar photovoltaic test yard AzRISE/TEP太阳能光伏试验场改造升级

Optics + Photonics for Sustainable Energy Pub Date : 2016-09-26 DOI: 10.1117/12.2238187

Whit E. Bennett, A. Fishgold, T. Lai, Teri Elwood, B. G. Potter, K. Simmons-Potter

{"title":"Modification and upgrade of AzRISE/TEP solar photovoltaic test yard","authors":"Whit E. Bennett, A. Fishgold, T. Lai, Teri Elwood, B. G. Potter, K. Simmons-Potter","doi":"10.1117/12.2238187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2238187","url":null,"abstract":"The University of Arizona AzRISE (Arizona Research Institute for Solar Energy) and Tucson Electric Power solar test yard is currently undergoing renovations to upgrade and standardize the data acquisition capabilities throughout the yard. Test yard improvements have enabled increased data collection reliability through state-of-the-art and environmentallyrobust data logging and real-time analysis. Enhanced capabilities include 10 msec max. data resolution, precision PV backside temperature monitoring of both individual and strings of modules, measurement of both AC and DC outputs as well as GHI and POA irradiance, active data backup to eliminate data intermittency, and robust Ethernet connectivity for data collection. An on-site weather station, provides wind speed and direction, relative humidity, and air temperature data. The information collected is accessed remotely via web server and includes raw performance and environmental conditions as well as extracted figures of performance for systems under test. Complementing the UA’s existing accelerated environmental-testing chamber, the new test yard acquisition capabilities have enabled high fidelity system and sub-system-level operational testing under a range of field-level test conditions. The combined facilities, thus, provide a full-spectrum testing resource for photovoltaic performance and degradation analysis. Specific measurement characteristics and sample data collected from a polysilicon module test string are utilized to illustrate test yard capabilities.","PeriodicalId":140444,"journal":{"name":"Optics + Photonics for Sustainable Energy","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122086717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Up-conversion equivalent circuit to boost current in Si cells 上转换等效电路，以提高硅电池的电流

Optics + Photonics for Sustainable Energy Pub Date : 2016-09-26 DOI: 10.1117/12.2242401

G. Conibeer, S. Shrestha, Kai-Yuen Chan, Shujuan Huang, B. Puthen-Veettil

引用次数: 0