International Journal of Engine Research最新文献

{"title":"Biomimetic swirl device and hydrogen enrichment effects on LPG fueled engine","authors":"Sahar Hadjkacem, M. A. Jemni, Zied Driss, M. Abid","doi":"10.1177/14680874231209399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14680874231209399","url":null,"abstract":"Inspired by the humpback-whale flipper which enables robust aerodynamic force production, we propose a biomimetic blade design for small Biomimetic Swirl Device (BSD) added on gaseous engine inlet system. Such system can achieve robustness in aerodynamic performance for the intake flow. Therefore, the BSD design has an important impact on swirl generation inside the engine cylinder which its geometry was defined by a wavelength, leading edge radius and amplitude. For this reason, a numerical analysis method, by means a computational fluid dynamics 3D modeling technique, was utilized to study the in-cylinder flow characteristics investigating the optimal BSD geometry. Moreover, the effect of Hydrogen on in-cylinder flow characteristics of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) bi-fuel engine has been examined using the BSD. In this research, five designs of the BSD with the dimensionless amplitude A* varied at 0.08, 0.12, 0.16, 0.2 and 0.24 were compared with the model without BSD to investigate its effect on the air-LPG flow inside the combustion chamber. The results showed that the BSD with A* = 0.2 created more turbulence, in-cylinder velocity, swirl in the combustion chamber than the other designs. Simulation results indicated also that LPG-30% H2 blend with BSD added gives the optimal in-cylinder flow characteristics of the TKE, the velocity and the swirl ratio.","PeriodicalId":14034,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engine Research","volume":"14 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139271712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of turbocharged engine bench test adapted to multiple driving cycles for lubricants fuel economy","authors":"Hong Ye, Mo Yimin, Kong Xiangkui","doi":"10.1177/14680874231210076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14680874231210076","url":null,"abstract":"Aimed to more truly and stably measure the fuel economy of a vehicle under different driving cycles, simultaneously reduce prime cost and short experimental period. An engine fuel economy test method and bench which could adapt to multiple cycle conditions was developed. The fuel economy test of a certain SUV under NEDC/WLTC was carried out, and the transient operating parameters of the engine were collected. The engine fuel economy test bench was established and accurately controlled according to transient parameters. The FEI of five different formulations of engine oils was tested. The results indicate that the actual bench parameters are in good agreement with the target transient parameters. Multiple FC measurements of baseline oil and multiple FEI measurements of high reference oil show that the engine bench has good repeatability. The data fluctuation degree of bench test is obviously smaller than that of vehicle test. The correlation coefficients of comprehensive FEI between bench test and vehicle test are 95.25% (NEDC) and 96.39% (WLTC). It means that the bench test can completely replace the vehicle test for fuel economy analysis. The FEI of No.3 oil which has the best fuel improvement are 1.888% (NEDC) and 1.248% (WLTC) respectively. Compared with the vehicle test, the engine bench testing can save 75% of the time. The fuel economy bench and test methods are also suitable for the verification of fuel economy improvement of other engine optimization measures under different driving cycles. The development period of engine technologies can be shortened, and the test cost can be reduced.","PeriodicalId":14034,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engine Research","volume":"50 25","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134902806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fuel-air mixing in motored CFR engine at research octane number (RON) relevant condition","authors":"Atmadeep Bhattacharya, Karri Keskinen, Martti Larmi, Pinaki Pal, Yuri Kroyan, Teemu Sarjovaara, Ossi Kaario","doi":"10.1177/14680874231206198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14680874231206198","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a three-dimensional (3-D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study of a motored cooperative fuel research (CFR) engine at research octane number (RON) relevant condition. The boundary conditions for 3-D simulations were generated with a one-dimensional GT-Power model. For the first time in literature, a carburetor was added to a virtual CFR engine model with 3-D CFD. Therefore, the proposed setup can simulate the fuel and thermal stratifications inside the engine cylinder with realistic detail. The transient simulations in this work were performed within the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) framework with a Realizable k-ε turbulence model. Major conclusions from the present work are: (1) The in-cylinder flow of the CFR engine is swirl-dominated due to the existence of the intake valve shroud. (2) There is a significant amount of liquid droplets entering the cylinder during the intake stroke. The maximum instantaneous amount of liquid for 50% PRF 87 (containing 87% iso-octane and 13% n-heptane (v/v)) and 50% ethanol mixture is indicated to be around 26% of total injected fuel mass. (3) The heat of vaporization (HoV) of the fuel is responsible for creating both temperature and charge stratification inside the cylinder.","PeriodicalId":14034,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engine Research","volume":" 17","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135813599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation of hydrogen combustion in a single cylinder PFI engine","authors":"L Buzzi, V Biasin, A Galante, D Gessaroli, F Pesce, D Tartarini, A Vassallo, S Scalabrini, N Sacco, R Rossi","doi":"10.1177/14680874231199641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14680874231199641","url":null,"abstract":"The simultaneous reduction of Green-House Gases (GHG) and criteria pollutants is the main target of current Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) development. Hydrogen (H 2 ) fueling is one of the best options available in both regards, as it does not emit tailpipe CO 2 as well as significantly abates all criteria pollutants already at engine-out level. However, optimizing hydrogen combustion in order to exploit the fuel proprieties at best is a challenging task due to the very particular properties of the fuel. In fact, H 2 combustion in ICE promotes a very clean, fast and complete combustion process, with extremely low HC, CO, and PM engine-out emissions stemming only from lubricant oil. The usage of lean-boosted and EGR-diluted combustion strategies can significantly contribute to raise the brake thermal efficiency and lower the NOx emission to extremely low levels. To this end, the Authors tested a 0.5 L single cylinder engine featuring an optimized PFI layout and dedicated piston bowl profile for a retrofitted Diesel operating as H 2 monofuel, in SI mode. In this paper, the authors discuss the effect of the main engine parameters, extensively investigated by means of Design of Experiments (DoE) techniques, as well as the effect of dilution and EGR to promote clean and efficient hydrogen combustion, in order to recommend the most effective practices.","PeriodicalId":14034,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engine Research","volume":"40 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136261493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the influential factors related to the fuel leakage rate in the plunger-sleeve clearance of high pressure common rail system","authors":"Xiangdong Lu, Jianhui Zhao, Leonid Grekhov","doi":"10.1177/14680874231203278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14680874231203278","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a numerical model of the fuel leakage rate in the plunger-sleeve clearance of high-pressure common rail system was established based on graph theory. The transient clearance changes caused by the elastic deformation and the physical properties of the fuel along the flow direction within the plunger-sleeve were considered. This model realized the fluid–structure–thermal transient coupling during the leakage, and the accuracy was verified by comparing the calculated fuel leakage rate with the experimental data. Based on the main structural parameters of the plunger-sleeve, a three-level five-factor experimental calculation matrix was proposed using the D-optimal design method. The fuel leakage rates of all groups in the calculation matrix were obtained based on the fuel leakage rate numerical model, and the significant influencing parameters of the fuel leakage rate were determined using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results indicate that the plunger diameter, sleeve external diameter, plunger-sleeve initial clearance and sealing length are significant parameters that affect the fuel leakage rate. In case of interaction between parameters, the interaction between the plunger diameter and sleeve external diameter, plunger diameter and plunger-sleeve initial clearance, and plunger diameter and plunger-sleeve sealing length contributed to a significant change in the fuel leakage rate. The influencing behavior of significant single parameters and significant interactions between parameters on the fuel leakage rate were revealed. The research outcomes can provide theoretical support for the optimization of the design of plunger-sleeve.","PeriodicalId":14034,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engine Research","volume":"38 11-12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134908370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combustion cycle-to-cycle variations of opposed-piston two-stroke gasoline direct injection engine","authors":"Fukang Ma, Wei Yang, Ruifan Xu, Xiaoyu Liu","doi":"10.1177/14680874231205089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14680874231205089","url":null,"abstract":"The combustion characteristics and cycle-to-cycle variations of opposed-piston two-stroke (OP2S) gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine are investigated with experiment. The effects of engine speed on the combustion process and cycle-to-cycle variations are discussed. This paper chooses the indicated mean effective pressure, the maximum cylinder pressure and the maximum pressure rising rate to characterize the combustion cycle-to-cycle variations. The heat release rate of OP2S-GDI engine is in accordance with the conventional gasoline engine, which is divided into flame developing period, rapid burning period and after burning period. With the increase of engine speed, the maximum combustion pressure and maximum pressure rise rate decrease, and the time corresponding to the maximum in-cylinder pressure is delayed. The pressure rise rate associated with different engine speeds all show an increasing trend, with maximum values less than 0.2 MPa/°CA. The peak value of instantaneous heat release rate in the combustion process decreases and the combustion amount in the post-combustion period increases as the engine speed increases. The cycle-to-cycle variation rate of indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) increases as the engine speed increases. The maximum IMEP cycle-to-cycle variation rate is 6.101% at 4000 rpm, which is less than the traditional gasoline engine cycle-to-cycle variation rate (10%). The cycle-to-cycle variation rate of the maximum cylinder pressure ( p max ) increases as the engine speed increases. The p max cycle-to-cycle variation rate is 1.083% at 4000 rpm, which is less than traditional gasoline engine cycle-to-cycle variation rate (2%). The R ( p max , p i ) is weakly correlated at 2000 rpm and uncorrelated at 3000 rpm and 4000 rpm. The R( θ( p max ), p i ) is strongly correlated at 3000 rpm and uncorrelated at 2000 rpm and 4000 rpm. The cycle-to-cycle variation rate of the maximum pressure rise rate (d p/d φ) is 7.406%%, 7.919% and 7.667% respectively at 2000 rpm, 3000 rpm and 4000 rpm. The R ((d p/d φ) max , p i ) is weakly correlated at different engine speed, the R( θ(d p/d φ) max , p i ) is moderately correlated at 2000 rpm and positive correlation at 3000 rpm and 4000 rpm.","PeriodicalId":14034,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engine Research","volume":"5 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135267075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The interaction of charge motion and EGR on anti-knock performance and efficiency of a medium-duty gasoline engine: An experimental study","authors":"Xumin Zhao, Ruilin Liu, Zunqing Zheng, Peng Chen, Hu Wang, Guangmeng Zhou, Zhongjie Zhang, Mingfa Yao","doi":"10.1177/14680874231203738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14680874231203738","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the common operating characteristics of medium duty (MD) gasoline engines, achieving higher load at the expense of fuel efficiency is not an acceptable tradeoff. EGR dilution-stoichiometric combustion can suppress the knocking and improve the thermal efficiency, but has problems such as slow combustion rate and poor combustion stability, which have limitations in optimizing combustion for MD gasoline engines with strong swirl. The experimental investigations in this study focus on the interaction of charge motion and EGR on anti-knock performance and thermal efficiency under different load conditions, and verifies the potential to improve the thermal efficiency of inclined swirl combustion system. The results show that at low-medium load, the tumble-dominated inclined swirl scheme can enhance the effectiveness of EGR in knock suppression, thus reducing the introduction of EGR to avoid its adverse effects on the combustion duration. At medium-high load, although the above benefit wears off, it can enhance the anti-knock performance and thus advance the spark timing by increasing the EGR tolerance. The EGR ratio corresponding to the highest thermal efficiency increases with higher load. The difference in the in-cylinder flow field will affect the combustion rate in a high EGR dilution and high load condition. The scheme adopting the compound intake ports and inverse cuneiform-shaped combustion chamber can improve both EGR tolerance and initial combustion rate under high EGR dilution, with the most significant improvement in thermal efficiency, and the improvement range will increase along with the increase of load.","PeriodicalId":14034,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engine Research","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135778797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement of needle and armature dynamics in a gasoline direct injector by high-speed neutron imaging","authors":"ML Wissink, TJ Toops, DA Splitter, EJ Nafziger, CEA Finney, HZ Bilheux, Y Zhang","doi":"10.1177/14680874231186714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14680874231186714","url":null,"abstract":"In modern spark ignition engines, precise delivery of fuel with gasoline direct injection has become increasingly important in the effort to meet ever stricter efficiency and emissions regulations. Use of multiple small close-coupled injections has become more common in attempt to precisely control fuel distribution in the cylinder, but these strategies are hindered by nonlinear injection effects due to operation in the ballistic region of the solenoid-operated valve and due to armature bounce at the end of injection. Understanding the internal dynamics of the injector is crucial to minimizing and controlling non-linearity and shot-to-shot variation, but the experimental techniques available to date are capable only of tracking the position of either the top of the needle (via laser sensors or by monitoring current and voltage in the solenoid coil) or the bottom of the needle (via transparent nozzles or high-speed x-ray imaging). A complete picture of the axial and radial motion of valve needle has until now remained elusive. In this work, we present high-speed ensemble neutron transmission imaging of an entire 8-hole gasoline direct injector operating at 200 bar, allowing for both visualization and quantification of the actuation dynamics including lift and wobble of the valve ball, oscillation and bending of the valve needle, lift, rocking, and bounce of the armature, compression of the springs, and radial swelling of the solenoid during energization. Because neutrons offer high penetration through the metal injector while also being sensitive to the 1 H nuclei in fuel molecules, it is also possible to simultaneously see the fluid dynamics of the injection process, including filling of the sac volume, emanation of the spray through the nozzle holes and into the downstream gas, and the formation and evolution of fuel films on the tip of the injector and the walls of the spray container.","PeriodicalId":14034,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engine Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135884581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential for twin spark plug configurations to improve emissions and fuel economy","authors":"Cho-Yu Lee, Dai-Qui Vo, Yong-Jie Chen","doi":"10.1177/14680874231203740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14680874231203740","url":null,"abstract":"From 2020, Euro 5 emission standards have required CO, NO x , and THC to be reduced by 12%, 14.29%, and 73.68%, respectively. The cost-effective twin spark plug (TSP) configuration seems to be a promising solution to reduce HC. In this study, the experimental and numerical work were both tested for a 125 c.c. engine adopting either single spark plug (SSP) or TSP configuration. Compared to the SSP engine, the TSP reduced the ignition delay and burn duration by an average of 10%–12.26% and 10.89%–15.20%, respectively. TSP can operate with a 13.60% leaner mixture without facing knock or compromising performance. Therefore, 12.73% lower fuel economy, 47.07% lower ISCO and 29.14% lower ISHC achieved for a compromise of ISNO x of 2 times at WOT. According to the numerical work, simultaneous ignition under TSP helps shorten the ignition delay, while the interaction between turbulence and flame propagation of two flames reduces the burn duration.","PeriodicalId":14034,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engine Research","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135885186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental evaluation of spark behavior under diluted conditions in an optically accessible engine","authors":"Cooper Welch, Lars Illmann, Marius Schmidt, Andreas Dreizler, Benjamin Böhm","doi":"10.1177/14680874231197492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14680874231197492","url":null,"abstract":"An optically accessible single-cylinder spark-ignition engine operated under homogeneous, part-load conditions is experimentally investigated using optical and spark diagnostics to evaluate the relationship between the spark, flow, and flame with increasing dilution using several levels of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). Voltage and current measurements of the secondary spark circuit are compared with simultaneous high-speed spark plasma imaging, particle image velocimetry measurements of the flow field, and burned gas images. Specifically, characteristic restrike cycles and normal cycles are examined under the 0 % EGR and 12.9 % EGR conditions to reveal a relationship between the magnitude and direction of the velocity near the spark plug and the spark’s behavior coupled with that of the subsequent flame propagation. Through the use of conditional statistics and correlation analysis of data sets of all non-restrike and all restrike cycles, the horizontal velocity across the spark gap was identified as a critical quantity in facilitating more stable and faster combustion under diluted mixture conditions.","PeriodicalId":14034,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engine Research","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135884411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}