Huai Liang Ma, Shi Yu Ma, Chen Xi Fu, Jia Qi Yang, Dan Lin Li
{"title":"Antioxidant defenses against air humidity stress in fruit body of Auricularia heimuer","authors":"Huai Liang Ma, Shi Yu Ma, Chen Xi Fu, Jia Qi Yang, Dan Lin Li","doi":"10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024052879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024052879","url":null,"abstract":"Air humidity is an important environmental factor restricting the fruit body growth of Auricularia heimuer. Low air humidity causes the fruit body to desiccate and enter dormancy. However, the survival mechanisms to low air humidity for fruit bodies before dormancy remain poorly understood. In the present study, we cultivated A. heimuer in a greenhouse and collected the fruit bodies at different air humidities (90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, and 50%) to determine the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and non-enzymatic antioxidants such as ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione (GSH); and the activities of enzymatic antioxidants including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione reductase (GR). Results showed that the MDA contents had a tendency to increase with decreasing relative air humidity. Relative air humidity below 90% caused membrane lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress (based on MDA contents) to the fruit body, which we named air humidity stress. In contrast to the control and with the degree of stress, the GSH contents and activities of SOD, CAT, GR, GPX, and APX tended to ascend, whereas AsA showed a declining trend; the POD activity only rose at 50%. The antioxidants favored the fruit body to alleviate oxidative damage and strengthened its tolerance to air humidity stress. The antioxidant defense system could be an important mechanism for the fruit body of A. heimuer in air humidity stress.","PeriodicalId":14025,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139761030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mushrooms and Fungi and Their Biological Compounds with Antidiabetic Activity: A Review","authors":"Maura Tellez-Tellez, Gerardo Diaz-Godinez","doi":"10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024052864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024052864","url":null,"abstract":"Mushrooms have been used by humans for centuries as food and medicine because they have been shown to affect certain diseases, mushrooms for medicinal purposes have been consumed in the form of extracts and/or biomass of the mycelium or fruiting body. The beneficial health effects of mushrooms are due to their content of bioactive compounds (polysaccharides, proteins, ergosterol, lectins, etc.). On the other hand, diabetes is one of the metabolic diseases that affects the population worldwide, characterized by hyperglycemia that involves a defective metabolism of insulin, a hormone secreted by ß cells and that mainly stimulates glucose absorption by the cells, however, it also affects the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins; poor control of this disease leads to serious damage to eyesight, kidneys, bones, heart, skin, blood vessels, nerves, etc. It has been reported that the consumption of some mushrooms helps control and treat diabetes, since among other actions, they promote the secretion of insulin by the pancreas, help reduce blood glucose and have α-glucosidase inhibitory activity which improves glucose uptake by cells, which are effects that prescription medications have for patients with diabetes. In that sense, this manuscript shows a review of scientific studies that support the abilities of some mushrooms to be used in the control and/or treatment of diabetes.","PeriodicalId":14025,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139761494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rosalba González-Solís, Guillermo Mendoza, Antero Ramos, Victor M. Bandala, Leticia Montoya, Aday González-Bakker, José M. Padrón, Irene Lagunes, Ángel Trigos
{"title":"Antiproliferative and Antibacterial Activity of Polyporoid Fungi from Veracruz, Mexico","authors":"Rosalba González-Solís, Guillermo Mendoza, Antero Ramos, Victor M. Bandala, Leticia Montoya, Aday González-Bakker, José M. Padrón, Irene Lagunes, Ángel Trigos","doi":"10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024052840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024052840","url":null,"abstract":"Polyporoid fungi represent a vast source of bioactive compounds with potential pharmacological applications. The importance of polyporoid fungi in TCM has led to an extensive use of some species of Ganoderma for promoting health and longevity because their consumption is associated with several bioactivities. Nevertheless, bioactivity of some other members of the Polyporaceae family has also been reported. This work reports the antiproliferative and antibacterial activity of crude extracts obtained from fruiting bodies of polypore fungi collected from the central region of Veracruz, Mexico, aimed at understanding the diversity of polypore species with potential pharmacological applications. 29 collections were identified macro- and microscopically in 19 species of polyporoid fungi, belonging to 13 genera. The antiproliferative activity screening of extracts against solid tumor cell lines (A549, SW1573, HeLa, HBL-100, T-47D and WiDr) allow us to identify four extracts with strong bioactivity (GI50= 50 μg/mL). Afterwards a phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences from the ITS region obtained from bioactive specimens allowed us to identify three extracts as Pycnoporus sanguineus (GI50= 10 μg/mL) and the fourth bioactive extract as Ganoderma oerstedii (GI50= 50 μg/mL). Likewise, extracts from P. sanguineus showed mild or moderate antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Xanthomonas albilineas. Bioprospecting studies of polyporoid fungi add to the knowledge of the diversity of macrofungi in Mexico and allow us to select one of the bioactive P. sanguineus to continue the pursuit of bioactive compounds through mycochemical studies.","PeriodicalId":14025,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139760852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Current Biological Knowledge, Applications, and Potential Use of the Desert Shaggy Mane Mushroom Podaxis pistillaris (Agaricomycetes): A Review","authors":"Lucia Ruvalcaba, Aldo Gutiérrez, Martín Esqueda","doi":"10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024052892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024052892","url":null,"abstract":"Podaxis pistillaris, an abundant gasteroid mushroom, has become an important biological element in arid and semi-arid communities worldwide. This mushroom possesses cosmetic, edible, and medicinal attributes, playing a crucial role in communities of countries such as Australia, India, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, and Mexico. Proximate studies highlight its nutritional richness, characterized by high protein content and essential bioelements such as K, P, and Mg. Furthermore, P. pistillaris is integral to the traditional medicine of indigenous communities in America, Asia, and Africa, where it is revered for its purported wound-healing, anti-inflammatory, and coagulant properties. In the case of Mexico, the Seri community utilizes and markets P. pistillaris in various forms, including ointments and the sale of its spores. Chemical analysis of this species reveals notable compounds, including epicorazines A, B, and C, exhibiting antimicrobial properties, along with polysaccharides such as β-glucans, and a recently identified ergosterol derivative named podaxisterol. Despite its importance, the chemical characterization and assessment of the biological activity of its compounds have been largely understudied. Consequently, there are currently no wound-healing products in the market derived from fungi, as the majority originate from plant sources. This work aims to present the essential aspects of its ethnobiological use, medicinal properties, bioactive compounds, and biotechnological applications. In addition, it underscores the overlooked status of P. pistillaris among fungi inhabiting arid areas, emphasizing its potential as a valuable subject for further research.","PeriodicalId":14025,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":"28 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139921305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Strategies to Increase the Production of Triterpene Acids in Lingzhi or Reishi Medicinal Mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (Agaricomycetes): A Review","authors":"chunchao han, xiaomei sun, Jing Wang, Mengtao Cheng, Yitong Qi","doi":"10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024052871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024052871","url":null,"abstract":"Ganoderic acids (GAs) are the main active ingredient of Ganoderma lucidum, which has been widely accepted as a medicinal mushroom. Due to the low yield of GAs produced by liquid cultured Ganoderma mycelium and solid cultured fruiting bodies, the commercial production and clinical application of GAs are limited. Therefore, it is important to increase the yield of GA in G. lucidum. A comprehensive literature search was performed with no set data range using the following keywords such as \"triterpene,\" \"ganoderic acids,\" \"Ganoderma lucidum,\" and \"Lingzhi\" within the main databases including Web of Science, PubMed, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). The data were screened using titles and abstracts and those relevant to the topic were included in the paper and was not limited to studies published in English. Present review focuses on the four aspects: fermentation conditions and substrate, extrinsic elicitor, genetic engineering, and mutagenesis, which play significant roles in increasing triterpene acids production, thus providing an available reference for further research on G. lucidum fermentation.","PeriodicalId":14025,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139760958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wenting Hu, Yudie He, Ze Yang, Qingfeng Meng, Shaobin Fu
{"title":"Chemical Constitutes from Mycelia of Laetiporus versisporus (Agaricomycetes)","authors":"Wenting Hu, Yudie He, Ze Yang, Qingfeng Meng, Shaobin Fu","doi":"10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024054165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024054165","url":null,"abstract":"Edible mushrooms, both wild and cultivated, can be seen as healthy functional food. More and more valuable compounds are obtained from mycelia of macromycetes. However, there was limited report about the medicinal fungus <i>Laetiporus versisporus</i> (Lloyd) Imazeki. Herein, <i>L. versisporus </i>was fermented on rice media and the secondary metabolites of mycelia were investigated. In this study, two-step method was used to obtain fermented products, silica gel column chromatography, recrystallization, medium pressure column chromatography, preparative thin-layer chromatography were applied to separate the chemical constituents. Nine chemical compounds (1−9) including one new triterpenoid acid versisponic acid F were identified by NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy and MS (mass spectrometry). Seven compounds including monolinoleoyl glycerol, linoleic acid, ergosta-5, 7, 22-triene-3β-ol, β-sitosterol, daucosterol, versisponic acid F were isolated for the first time from <i>L. versisporus</i>.","PeriodicalId":14025,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141528961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Biological Activities of the Golden Chantarelle Mushroom Cantharellus cibarius (Agaricomycetes) Extracts Obtained as a Result of Single and Multi-Objective Optimization Studies","authors":"Ayşenur Gürgen, Orhan Unal, Mustafa Sevindik","doi":"10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024055569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024055569","url":null,"abstract":"In our study, the biological activities of the wild edible mushroom <i>Cantharellus cibarius</i> were determined. First of all, 64 different experiments were performed in the Soxhlet device at 40−70°C extraction temperatures, 4, 6, 8, and 10 h of extraction time and 0.25, 0.50, 1, and 2 mg/mL extract concentrations, and total antioxidant (TAS) and total oxidant values (TOS) were determined, and both single-purpose and multi-objective optimization studies were performed.\u0000The extraction conditions were optimized so that the objective function of the single-purpose optimization would be the maximum TAS value, and the objective function of the multi-objective optimization would be the maximum TAS and minimum TOS values. The data obtained from the experimental study were modeled with artificial neural networks from artificial intelligence methods, and optimization was performed with a genetic algorithm. After the single-objective optimization process, the optimum extraction conditions were found as 46.622°C, 5.110 h and 1.973 mg/mL and the multi-objective optimum extraction conditions were found as 50.927°C, 6.094 h and 1.439 mg/mL. The TAS values of the extracts obtained as a result of single-objective and multi-objective optimization were measured as 5.511 and 5.359, respectively, and the TOS values were measured as 7.289 and 6.061. The anti-AChE value of the extracts was calculated as 16.12, 20.31 and anti-BChE value as 36.92, 40.28. In addition, it was determined that the single-objective optimization extract had stronger antiproliferative activity than the multi-objective extract. As a result, it was determined that the biological activities of the extracts of <i>C. cibarius</i> obtained under suitable conditions were high.","PeriodicalId":14025,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142222421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jing Ma, Hui-Min Liu, Tai-Jie Yu, Mei Yang, Li-Ping Tang
{"title":"A Poisoning Case of Gymnopus dryophiloides (Agaricales, Omphalotaceae)","authors":"Jing Ma, Hui-Min Liu, Tai-Jie Yu, Mei Yang, Li-Ping Tang","doi":"10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024052509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024052509","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, mushroom poisoning is becoming one of the most serious food safety problems in China, especially in Yunnan province. However, there is insufficient information on many poisoning incidents, including mushroom information, identification and poisoning symptoms etc. In October 2022, a female midwife in Yunnan province consumed a wild mushroom called as “Gymnopus dryophilus”twice . Detailed epidemiological investigation and mushroom identification were performed in this report. Based on morphological and phylogenetic analysis, the suspected mushroom was identified as G. dryophiloides (Omphalotaceae). The victim reported nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomachache, accompanied by dizziness, headache, drowsiness, chest tightness, shortness of breath, palpitation, and weakness. The incubation period was approximately 30 min. After the victim's own vomiting, the symptoms began to subside for about an hour. Up to date, there are no detailed reports of poisoning in G. dryophiloides or G. dryophilus. In conclusion, it is the first detailed poisoning report of G. dryophiloides.","PeriodicalId":14025,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139508611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mosquitocidal Susceptibility and Non-Target Effects of Tricholoma equestre (L.) P. Kumm. On the Immature Stages of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus in Hasselquist), Anopheles stephensi Liston and Culex quinquefasciatus Say","authors":"Mariappan Muthukanagavel, Nayagam Vasanth, Jeyaraj Selvakumaran, Kamaraj Ragavendran, Mathalaimuthu Anthonysamy, Mutheeswaran Subramanian, Savarimuthu Ignacimuthu, Naiyf S. Alharbi, Muthu Thiruvengadam, Pathalam Ganesan","doi":"10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024052514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024052514","url":null,"abstract":"The worldwide scientific community is well aware that mosquitoes are the sole agents responsible for transmitting various dreadful diseases and critical illnesses caused by vector-borne pathogens. The primary objective of this current research was to evaluate the effectiveness of methanol extract from Tricholoma equestre (L.) P. Kumm. in controlling the early life stages of Culex quinquefasciatus Say, Anopheles stephensi Liston, and Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus in Hasselquist). mosquitoes. The larvae, pupae and eggs of these mosquitoes were exposed to four different concentrations (62.5 to 500 ppm). After 120 hours of treatment, the methanol extract of T. equestre exhibited ovicidal activity ranging from 66% to 80% against the eggs of the treated mosquitoes. It also demonstrated promising larvicidal and pupicidal activity with LC50 values of 216-300 and 230-309 ppm against the early life stages of all three mosquito species. Extensive toxicity studies revealed that the methanol extract from T. equestre had no harmful effects on non-target organisms. The Suitability Index (SI) or Predator Safety Factor (PSF) indicated that the methanol extract did not harm Poecilia reticulata Peters 1859, (predatory fish), Gambusia affinis S. F. Baird & Girard 1853, Dragonfly nymph and Diplonychus indicus Venkatesan & Rao 1871 (water-bug). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis identified key compounds, including 3-Butenenitrile, 2-Methyl-(25.319%); 1-Butanol, 2-Nitro-(18.87%) and Oxalic Acid, Heptyl Propyl Ester (21.82%) which may be responsible for the observed activity. Furthermore, the formulation based on the methanol extract demonstrated similar effectiveness against all tre","PeriodicalId":14025,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139508740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Potential Antiviral Effect of Korean Forest Wild Mushrooms Against Feline Coronavirus (FCoV)","authors":"Rhim Ryoo, Hyorim Lee, Youngki Park","doi":"10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024052483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024052483","url":null,"abstract":"Coronaviruses (CoV), are among the major viruses causing the common cold in humans. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is high-risk human pathogens that derived from bat coronaviruses, although several other animals serve as CoV hosts, contributing to human infection. As the human activity area expanded, viruses previously prevalent only in animals mutated and became threats to humans as well, leading to worldwide epidemics. Therefore, controlling CoV infections in animals is essential to prevent CoV-related human infections. Feline coronavirus (FCoV) could be reportedly used as an alternative model for SARS-CoV-2. Traditionally, mushrooms are not only foods but are also consumed to prevent diseases. Importantly, certain edible and medicinal mushrooms display antibacterial and antiviral effects against respiratory pathogens, they could thus be tested as potential coronavirus treatment agents. Therefore, in this study, we investigated if wild forest mushrooms with various, reported physiological activities could exhibit an antiviral activity against CoV, using FCoV as a SARS-CoV-2 model infecting Crandell Rees Feline Kidney cells. We measured the antiviral activity of overall 11 wild mushrooms and our results demonstrated that Pleurotus ostreatus and Phallus luteus displayed the highest antiviral efficacy of 55.33%, followed by Tricholoma bakamatsutake at 43.77%. Grifola frondosa, Morchella esculenta, and Sarcodon imbricatus exhibited mild efficacy of 29.21%; We also tested Amanita caesareoides, Marasmius siccus, Pachyma hoelen, Phallus rubrovolvata, and Sparassis latifolia but could not detect any antiviral activity in their case. Our study confi","PeriodicalId":14025,"journal":{"name":"International journal of medicinal mushrooms","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139552684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}