International Journal of Medical Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"A study of retinal changes in diabetes mellitus in association with glycosylated haemoglobin, haemoglobin and duration of diabetes mellitus in tertiary care teaching hospital","authors":"Anusha N Sangapur, Ravi N Sangapur, Varsha Huralikoppi","doi":"10.33545/26638266.2021.V3.I1B.88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33545/26638266.2021.V3.I1B.88","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in India is 21.27%. Diabetic retinopathy was detected in 1.78% of the diabetic patients screened. Diabetic retinopathy is a major, potentially preventable, long term, microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and a leading cause of visual disability and blindness in working-age population, which is the hallmark of generalized microangiopathy.Materials and Methods: This is Cross Sectional Study Conducted Among Out Patients attending Ophthalmology OPD and Inpatients of tertiary care teaching hospital. Patients were enrolled for the study after obtaining written informed consent. Total 214 patients were screened in this study. Staging of Diabetic Retinopathy was done using Modified Arlie House classification. Result: Amongst the total number of diabetic retinopathy patients, 138 (64.5%) patients were males and 76 (35.5%) patients were females. Out of the total number of females in the study 77.6% had diabetic retinopathy and amongst males 73.1% had diabetic retinopathy and severity of DR is more in males (10.9% versus 7.9%). There was no statistical significance seen with gender and diabetic retinopathy (chi square x2 =1.819, p=0.611). Retinopathy was seen in 74.8% of the subjects in study. Among them 37.9% were shown mild changes of DR and whereas 9.8% were having severe or very severe retinopathy. Median duration of diabetes is 2 years. Among them 15.9% were having diabetes for more than 10 years and 11.7% had from less than 1 year duration. Maximum number of people (35.5%) were having the duration of 1 - 5year.A positive co-orelation was observed between glycosylated haemoglobin and haemoglobin with severity of diabetic retinopathy. Conclusion: Glycosylated Hemoglobin levels was significantly correlated to severity of diabetic retinopathy. Haemoglobin level have been significantly correlated to severity of diabetic retinopathy. Glucose control and anemia are identified to be important modifiable risk factors in diabetes mellitus patients. The presence of these risk factors should warn the ophthalmologists about the need to monitor the retina. Low haemoglobin level, which is common in patients from developing countries like India, needs to be detected and treated, thereby reducing the risk for developing DR.","PeriodicalId":14021,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Ophthalmology","volume":"167 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86217934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of single intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection on intraocular pressure and retinal nerve fibre layer thickness","authors":"Shazia Arrin, Simi Zaka-ur-rab","doi":"10.33545/26638266.2021.v3.i1a.80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33545/26638266.2021.v3.i1a.80","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To investigate the intraocular pressure (IOP) changes following intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) injection for inflammatory, proliferative and edematous diseases of posterior segment of eye. Design: Prospective longitudinal interventional study. Methods: The prospective longitudinal study included 30 with posterior uveitis (n=12), retinal vascular occlusive diseases (n=10), Eales’ disease (n=6), pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (n=1) and idiopathic cystoid macular edema (n=1). 4 mg of IVTA injection IOP increased significantly from baseline IOP of 14.27±3.53 mm Hg to mean IOP of 16.54± 4.29, 18.54± 5.50, 19.00± 5.98, 18.82± 5.00 and 22.50±0.71 mm Hg at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 weeks follow up respectively. In study group IOP elevation of ≥6 mm Hg from baseline was seen in 17 out of 30 eyes (64.71% males and 35.29%females). The majority of patients belonged to younger age group. An IOP elevation was seen in 58.82% and 88.24% eyes upto 4 and 6 weeks follow up respectively. In 15 out of 17 eyes, IOP was controlled with topical anti-glaucoma medications while 2 eyes required filtering glaucoma surgery. Conclusions: After 4 mg of IVTA injection 57.67% of eyes developed IOP elevation ≥6 mm Hg from baseline. In 88.24% eyes raised IOP was controlled with topical anti-glaucoma medications. There was no statistically significant change observed in retinal nerve fibre layer thickness upto 12 weeks follow up, despite elevated IOP. Besides glaucoma no other complication was observed upto 12 weeks of follow up.","PeriodicalId":14021,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Ophthalmology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79367612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pattern of uveitis: A study at regional eye hospital","authors":"D. Archana","doi":"10.33545/26638266.2021.v3.i1a.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33545/26638266.2021.v3.i1a.91","url":null,"abstract":"Aim & Objectives: To study the pattern of uveitis and common causes of uveitis in our region. Methodology: In the present study, 100 patients with uveitis, attending Regional Eye Hospital, Warangal were included. The average age of presentation these patients was around 40 years with no significant gender preponderance. All patients underwent a through systemic and ocular examination. A tailored laboratory investigation was done in each case to facilitate diagnosis. Results: Most common type of uveitis in our study was anterior uveitis which was chronic and noninfectious in nature. Diagnosis was made with respect to the type and etiology of uveitis. Etiology remained undetermined in majority of cases. Most common cause in present study was Tuberculosis and Rheumatoid arthritis. Most common complications were macular oedema and raised intraocular pressure. Majority of patients responded well to treatment. Conclusion: The most common specific etiology was tuberculosis; however most of the cases were idiopathic. There was no significant sex predisposition seen.","PeriodicalId":14021,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Ophthalmology","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79089487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the AC/A ratio in myopia patients in relation to spectacles and soft contact lenses","authors":"D. Pandurangaiah, Dr. GM Pradeep Kumar","doi":"10.33545/26638266.2021.v3.i1b.133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33545/26638266.2021.v3.i1b.133","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To compare accommodative convergence over accommodation (AC/A) ratio when Myopic patient changes from Spectacles to Contact lenses. Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional study group of 50 subjects and Myopic error from -0.75DS to - 6.00DS. The AC/A ratio was measured by two methods; the heterophoria method and the gradient method. Gradient method was measured by plus and minus Lenses technique. Heterophoria in near and distance was measured to calculate heterophoria method. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test was used to compare between two methods p value < 0.05. Result s : The mean AC/A ratio in Gradient method when using Soft Contact Lenses in comparison to Spectacles was: with+3(2.21, 2.24), and with-3(1.51,150) respectively. Although the AC/A ratio was less in amount with +3D lens in near and more in distance with -3D lens as compared to Spectacles, there were no significant differences found between the two (P:0.285 and P:0.317 respectively). The means of AC/A ratio as calculated by Heterophoria method was increased with soft contact lenses (5.97) as compared to spectacles (5.96) with no significant difference p: 0.317 Conclusion: No significant difference has been found for myope when changing from spectacles to contact lenses.","PeriodicalId":14021,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Ophthalmology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76220199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiological profile and antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of culture positive bacterial keratitis: A prospective observational study","authors":"A. Satish, M. DeborahPurushottam, A. Acharya","doi":"10.33545/26638266.2021.v3.i1b.70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33545/26638266.2021.v3.i1b.70","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Microbial keratitis is suppurative infection of cornea considered as emergency and potential threat to vision. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of microbial keratitis is required to prevent complication and blindness. So present study has been designed to determine bacteriological profile and sensitivity pattern of culture positive bacterial keratitis, risk factor associated it and treatment outcome.Material and Method: After enrolment of patients a detailed relevant history of patients regarding to mode of injury and predisposing factor were recorded and detailed clinical examination was done. Visual acuity of all patients was tested. Slit lamp biomicroscopy was performed and Corneal ulcer was examined properly. Under local anaesthesia with 4% lignocaine corneal scrap was taken from edge and base of ulcer. Sample was sent for gram stain, 10% KOH wet mount preparation, blood agar and Sabouraud's dextrose agar.Result: In present study out of 600 specimen 460(76.66%) patients were culture positive out of them 47.33% were fungal and remaining were bacterial(29.33%). Regarding bacteriological profile of culture positive corneal ulcer, we have observed that gram positive bacteria were common than gram negative. Among all staphylococcus aureus was common organism 54(30.68%).Discussion and Conclusion: From present study we can conclude that bacterial corneal ulcer is less common than funga ulcer. Regarding bacteriological profile of culture positive corneal ulcer, we have observed that gram positive bacteria were common than gram negative. Among all staphylococcus aureus was common organism followed by pseudomonas. Regarding sensitivity of common organism isolated staphylococcus was 100% sensitive to vancomycin and azithromycin, sensitivity to fluoroquinolones were from 60 % to 80 %. More than 80% pseudomonas was sensitive to fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides. 77.27% patients were recovered at final follow up.","PeriodicalId":14021,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Ophthalmology","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83238750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical profile of patients with anterior uveitis","authors":"S. Km, N. Vijay","doi":"10.33545/26638266.2021.V3.I1A.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33545/26638266.2021.V3.I1A.62","url":null,"abstract":"The anterior uveitis can be categorized as iritis, anterior cyclitis and iridocyclitis. It often causes a painful red eye. Patients with anterior uveitis complain of redness, photophobia, tearing and blurred vision. Acute anterior uveitis causes mild vision loss but still contributes significantly to the total burden. It causes vision loss both directly through inflammation and via complications such as macular edema, glaucoma, cataract, and others. A prospective clinical study was conducted. The material for this study included, 50 patients between age 20 and 80 years, attending outpatient department, Department of Ophthalmology with signs and symptoms of anterior uveitis. In the present study it was observed that most common presentation was acute anterior uveitis, accounting for 76%, then chronic 18% and only 6% of the patients had recurrent anterior uveitis. In the present study 45 (90%) patients had non granulomatous inflammation and in 5 (10%) patients it was granulomatous inflammation. Thus nongranulomatous inflammation was more common than granulomatous inflammation.","PeriodicalId":14021,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Ophthalmology","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89395035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of outcomes of cataract surgery in diabetic and non-diabetic patients","authors":"Apurva H. Suthar, Kaushal A. Modi","doi":"10.33545/26638266.2021.v3.i1b.66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33545/26638266.2021.v3.i1b.66","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Poor visual outcome after cataract surgery in diabetics associated with the severity of pre-existing retinopathy and diabetic maculopathy prior to the surgery. Higher incidence of diabetes in developing countries such as India necessitates an assessment of the outcome of cataract surgery in diabetic patients. Hence this study is planned to asses and compare outcome of cataract surgery in diabetics. Material and Methods: The present study was done to compare outcome of cataract surgery in 70 diabetics as compared to 70 non-diabetics attending department of Ophthalmology of tertiary care institute of Gujarat for the duration of one and half year. A prospective study was done Age, sex, surgical technique, follow up, pre- and postoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and post-op complications were evaluated. Results: The mean age group of patients in diabetic group was 55.7±6.5 and 58.3±6.4 in non-diabetic group. Out of 70 patients in the diabetic group, 42 had good glycaemic control (FBS:70-100mg/dl). Remaining 28 patients had high blood sugar levels (>100mg). Hypertension though the most frequent co-morbid disease in both the groups, it’s more frequent amongst diabetics as seen in this study, that is 26 compared with 16 of the nondiabetic patients. On comparing the pre-operative and post-operative visual acuity in both the groups the p value in diabetics as compared to in the Non-diabetic group was statistically significant. (p≤0.05) Conclusion: Pre-operative diabetic retinopathy status is a major determinant of post-operative visual recovery. Monitoring postoperative progression of diabetic retinopathy severity after uneventful intraocular lens implantation may enhance visual outcome. There is a higher incidence of post-operative complications among diabetics, which can be managed conservatively.","PeriodicalId":14021,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Ophthalmology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79976578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of binocular vision in kids with hearing loss","authors":"Dr. GM Pradeep Kumar, D. Pandurangaiah","doi":"10.33545/26638266.2021.v3.i1b.134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33545/26638266.2021.v3.i1b.134","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hearing is the ability to perceive sound. A person is said to have hearing loss when he/she is not able to hear as well as someone with a normal hearing threshold of 25 dB or better in both ears. Binocular function plays an important role as it helps to coordinate both eyes. Methodology: A prospective study was conducted with 103 subjects. After taking permission authority and Hearing impairment school, consent was taken from participants. The comprehensive evaluation included demographic data, history of hearing impairment, refraction. Then binocular vision assessment (sensory, motor, accommodative, vergence tests) was done. Results: 103 children with a mean age of 14.36±3.07years were included in the study. 54% had a severe hearing impairment and 46% of children had a profound hearing impairment. 9.7% refractive error among hearing-impaired children. Myopia is 4%. Hyperopia is 1% and Astigmatism is 5%. NSBVA was found around 49% among HI children. Convergence excesses 20.4%, Convergence insufficiency 3.9%, Divergence excess 1%, Divergence Insufficiency 3.9%. Accommodative insufficiency 5.8% and Accommodative excess 13.6%. Conclusion: Non-strabismus binocular vision anomalies among profound and severe hearing-impaired subjects. So, it is important to consider binocular evaluation among hearing-impaired subjects.","PeriodicalId":14021,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Ophthalmology","volume":"276 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77828461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study on management of anterior uveitis at a tertiary care hospital","authors":"S. Km, N. Vijay","doi":"10.33545/26638266.2021.v3.i1b.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33545/26638266.2021.v3.i1b.63","url":null,"abstract":"A careful and detailed medical history is one of the keys to correct diagnosis in a patient with uveitis. It also provides information that may contribute to the choice of treatment indicated. The history-taking process should follow a structured approach and should include personal general information, chief complaint, past ocular and medical history, family history, review of systemic complaints and miscellaneous details on injury, surgery, migration and specific history on exposure to risk factors. A standard clinical proforma was filled in all cases, which included salient feature in history, visual acuity using Snellens visual acuity chart, clinical findings, laboratory investigations, and the final aetiology. All patients were examined under slit lamp. Details on disease severity, laterality, chronicity, ocular signs and associated systemic conditions were noted. In the present study all the 50 patients (100%) were treated with topical steroids and cycloplegics-mydriatics. Periocular steroid was given in 9 patients (18%) of which one had bilateral chronic anterior uveitis and received injections to both the eyes. Systemic steroids were used in 18 patients (36%), which included 6 patients of phacolytic uveitis, 5 herpetic uveitis patients, 3 patients of TB, 2 idiopathic and one each in leprosy and psoriatic patient. 13 patients (26%) received antiglaucoma therapy.","PeriodicalId":14021,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Ophthalmology","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77862886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Choroidal thickness in patients with different refractive status measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography","authors":"Farhat Abrar, Juhi Garg, Shashwat Singh, Kainat Chaudhary","doi":"10.33545/26638266.2021.v3.i1b.69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33545/26638266.2021.v3.i1b.69","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To evaluate the choroidal thickness in patients with different refractive status measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Material and methods: This cross-sectional observational study consisted of 60 subjects, who visited the out-patient department of Ophthalmology, Chattrapati Shivaji Subharti Hospital, Meerut, India and were randomly selected over a period of 1 year. Subjects were classified into three groups based on refractive error: those with a +1 diopter or greater refractive power were assigned to the hyperopia group; those with a diopter lower than +1 and greater than –1 were assigned to the emmetropia group; and those with a –1 diopter or lower diopter were assigned to the myopia group. All patients underwent a clinical history taking and a complete ophthalmic examination. OCT scanning was performed using Optovue RTvue 100 which utilises spectral domain (SD)-OCT. The choroid was visualized by enhanced depth imaging (EDI) technique. Choroidal scans were obtained for all the eyes using enhanced depth imaging (EDI) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Data was recorded in excel sheet and subjected to statistical analysis. Results: Compared to emmetropic participants, myopic subjects had significantly thinner choroid in all the regions. Choroid of hyperopic subjects was significantly thicker than that of emmetropic subjects in most regions. Linear correlation testing revealed a close correlation between refractive error and choroidal thickness in all of the regions. Conclusion: High myopes have significantly thinner choroids than the emmetropic controls at all the retinal points studied, with the thinnest choroid at 1.5 mm nasal to the fovea.","PeriodicalId":14021,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Ophthalmology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88097657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}